Universidade Positivo

About: Universidade Positivo is a education organization based out in Curitiba, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Biodiversity. The organization has 1290 authors who have published 1237 publications receiving 9335 citations. The organization is also known as: Positive University.

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in humans and dogs from rural settlements in Northern Paraná State, Brazil

Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalencia de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e Leishmania spp. em humanos e caes que vivem em dois assentamentos rurais no norte do Parana. Um questionario epidemiologico foi aplicado para obter informacoes sociodemograficas e possiveis associacoes com as infeccoes, e os dados foram analisados pelo EpiInfo®. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 216 pessoas e 169 caes, e testados por imunofluorescencia indireta. A prevalencia de toxoplasmose em humanos foi de 79,1% (171/216) e em caes foi de 82,2% (139/169). Entre as variaveis analisadas para toxoplasmose em humanos a presenca de gatos jovens no domicilio (p = 0,031) e maior frequencia de individuos >18 anos mostraram uma associacao significativa. Uma maior frequencia de soropositivos foi observada em caes com idade >1 ano. A prevalencia de leishmaniose em seres humanos foi de 7,4% (16/216) e em caes foi de 8,2% (14/169). A variavel presenca de floresta a menos de 200 metros da residencia apresentou uma associacao significativa entre os seres humanos e caes. Tambem para os caes, houve associacao com a presenca de materia orgânica (folhas) em torno da casa. Em conclusao, pode afirmar-se que existe uma grande propagacao de T. gondii em ambas as especies e a ocorrencia de anticorpos anti- Leishmania spp. em humanos e caes, indica que ha transmissao de Leishmania spp. nessas localidades.

Good hygiene practices in hospital nutrition services: the view of internal and external auditors

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition services according to internal and external auditors, before and after intervention, based on the requirements of Good Hygiene Practices. Fifteen hospital nutrition services were evaluated based on a checklist applied by internal auditors and by an external auditor. The intervention program was prepared and implemented in all the locations over one year, and was composed of four points: 1) training; 2) preparation of the action plan; 3) preparation of the documentation; 4) monthly visits to motivate the food handlers and responsible technicians, accompaniment and assistance in the implementation of Good Hygiene Practices. An improvment in the application of Good Hygiene Practices was observed in the hospital nutrition services after the systematic intervention, in the view of both the internal and external auditors, except the requirement related to operational aspects, which had a low percentage of adequacy, both before and after the intervention Before the intervention, there was a significant difference between the evaluation of the internal auditors and the external auditor, which was not found later. These results suggest that the systematic intervention assisted in the adoption of Good Hygiene Practices by hospital nutrition services, according to both the internal and external auditors, and contributed to increasing the knowledge of the internal auditors.

The de-judicialization of health: mediation and interinstitutional dialogues

Abstract: Based on an examination of legislation, jurisprudence and doctrine, the usual path of requests for medicines in the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System) is analyzed, with a focus on requests falling outside the Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (National List of Essential Medicines). The usual approach, where the only solution to a negative response is the filing of lawsuits, overloads the system, increasing complexity and causing iniquities. In this context, the present article aims to rethink this approach through non-judicial mechanisms of conflict resolution. Based on the premise that judicialization is neither born nor ends in the judiciary, measures to “de-judicialize” health are considered: the adoption of mediation chambers outside the protocols of the Unified Health System and prior to judicial demands; the reinforcement of interinstitutional dialogue between entities such as the Defensoria Pública (Public Defender’s Office), the Ministério Público (Public Prosecutor’s Office), the Secretaria de Saúde e Núcleos de Apoio Técnico dos tribunais (Health Department) and the Núcleos de Apoio Técnico (Technical Support Centers) of the Courts; and the expansion of non-judicial channels, facilitating access, reducing non-treatment expenditure, and improving public health.

Analgesia no pós-cirúrgico: panorama do controle da dor

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative pain control, although of recognized importance, is still described as inadequate. So, this study aimed at exposing the scenario of postoperative pain control in patients hospitalized for general abdominal surgery. METHOD: This is a transversal, quantitative, observational, descriptive and non randomized study carried out through a questionnaire applied to patients hospitalized up to 48 h after abdominal surgery. The questionnaire addresses the following variables: age, gender, surgical procedure, postoperative hours, presence of pain and intensity by the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: Participated in this study 165 patients of whom 40 have referred pain, being 26 females (28.57%) and 14 males (18.92%). Procedures to which patients were submitted were classified in open and closed, being closed the most common procedures. Open surgeries were among the most painful procedures (colectomy, hiatal hernia repair, choledoctomy, colostomy, gastrostomy) with 100% of pain and laparotomy with approximately 60%. Less painful closed procedure was cholecystectomy (88.33%), and just 11.67% had mild to moderate pain. There has been predominance of mild to moderate pain among males and of moderate to severe pain among females. CONCLUSION: Pain prevalence and intensity observed in the postoperative period have shown that the control is adequate for laparoscopic procedures; however, it has to be adjusted for patients submitted to open procedures, for senescence and for females.