Showing papers by "Universidade São Judas Tadeu published in 2012"

A simple test of muscle coactivation estimation using electromyography

Abstract: In numerous motor tasks, muscles around a joint act coactively to generate opposite torques. A variety of indexes based on electromyography signals have been presented in the literature to quantify muscle coactivation. However, it is not known how to estimate it reliably using such indexes. The goal of this study was to test the reliability of the estimation of muscle coactivation using electromyography. Isometric coactivation was obtained at various muscle activation levels. For this task, any coactivation measurement/index should present the maximal score (100% of coactivation). Two coactivation indexes were applied. In the first, the antagonistic muscle activity (the lower electromyographic signal between two muscles that generate opposite joint torques) is divided by the mean between the agonistic and antagonistic muscle activations. In the second, the ratio between antagonistic and agonistic muscle activation is calculated. Moreover, we computed these indexes considering different electromyographic amplitude normalization procedures. It was found that the first algorithm, with all signals normalized by their respective maximal voluntary coactivation, generates the index closest to the true value (100%), reaching 92 ± 6%. In contrast, the coactivation index value was 82 ± 12% when the second algorithm was applied and the electromyographic signal was not normalized (P < 0.04). The new finding of the present study is that muscle coactivation is more reliably estimated if the EMG signals are normalized by their respective maximal voluntary contraction obtained during maximal coactivation prior to dividing the antagonistic muscle activity by the mean between the agonistic and antagonistic muscle activations.

Nutrient Intake of Women 3 Years After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Abstract: Nutritional deficiencies, especially micronutrient deficiencies, can occur in obese individuals. Surgical treatment may aggravate or cause these deficiencies, depending on the type of procedure, food intake and the use of multivitamins, minerals or other supplements. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutrient intake of women who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. A cross-sectional, controlled study was conducted among 44 women after RYGB (operated-group, OG; mean years post-operation = 3.4) and a control group of 38 healthy women (non-operated group, NOG) matched by age and economic condition. The women reported their dietary intake using a 4-day record. The Dietary Reference Intakes was used as a reference. The macronutrient contributions to dietary energy intake presented an acceptable distribution for proteins and carbohydrates. Lipid intake was high among women in the OG and the NOG (43.2 and 55.3 %, respectively). In the evaluation of micronutrients, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups for iron, zinc and vitamins B1 and B12. Both groups were at high risk for inadequate calcium intake, and the OG was at risk for inadequate zinc, iron and vitamin B1 intake. The nutrient intake of women who had undergone RYGB is very similar to that of non-operated women, with the exception of a reduced intake of iron, zinc and vitamins B1 and B12, which may be due to the difficulty of consuming meat and a balanced diet. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of appropriate nutritional intervention and the regular use of multivitamin and mineral supplements for these patients.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar em creches públicas em São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar o consumo energetico e a adequacao da dieta de criancas frequentadoras de bercarios de creches publicas e filantropicas no municipio de Sao Paulo. METODOS: Estudo transversal em 16 bercarios, frequentados por 236 criancas com idades entre 12 e 29 meses. A coleta dos dados foi realizada pelo metodo de pesagem direta durante tres dias nao consecutivos. Para o calculo nutricional, foi utilizado o software DietWin Profissional 2.0®, sendo posteriormente calculada a adequacao do consumo de energia, proteina, ferro, vitamina A e vitamina C. Para o calculo de proteina, ferro, vitamina A e C, foi utilizada como referencia a necessidade media estimada (Estimated Average Requiremen) do National Research Council (2002). O calcio foi avaliado pela ingestao adequada (Adequate Intake, 1999). A avaliacao da ingestao de energia foi realizada com base na necessidade energetica estimada (Estimated Energy Requirement, 2002). Os dados foram analisados no programa Epi-Info 2000, versao 3.4.3. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados deficits medios para energia (49,78%), ferro (81,67%), calcio (57,44%), excessos de proteina (183,27%) e vitaminas A (126,86%) e C (57,44%). A distribuicao dos percentuais de adequacao dos macronutrientes mostrou-se inadequada para lipideos. CONCLUSOES: Embora os cardapios servidos em creches sejam planejados por nutricionistas, os resultados apontam possiveis falhas no processo da alimentacao infantil relacionadas a preparacao, porcionamento e/ou praticas de oferta dos alimentos. Tais achados reforcam a necessidade de acoes de educacao e supervisao em saude para garantir o fornecimento de alimentacao adequada a este grupo populacional.

A influência da dança de salão na percepção corporal

Abstract: A danca de salao e uma forma de expressao dos sentimentos atraves dos movimentos. Os casais devem perceber as suas possibilidades de acao motora e o espaco disponivel para interagir com o outro organizando seu corpo em um padrao espacial. Esses fatores combinados com o resgate das emocoes despertadas pela danca tornam a pratica potencializadora de alteracoes positivas na relacao mente-corpo modificando a percepcao corporal, tanto no seu aspecto proprioceptivo (esquema corporal), como emocional (imagem corporal). O objetivo desse estudo foi discutir a danca de salao e sua contribuicao na percepcao corporal dos seus praticantes. Para isso foi realizada de uma pesquisa bibliografica de carater descritivo e abordagem qualitativa. Sendo assim, concluimos que alem da tecnica na danca e necessario, tambem, saber utilizar os recursos como uma ferramenta e nao como uma "prisao". A beleza da danca de salao e resultado do equilibrio entre a tecnica e emocoes do dancarino.

Pluralidade cultural: Os esportes radicais na Educação Física escolar

Abstract: The Physical Education curriculum has been renewed and we can notice that its traditional contents, starting to share time at school with current contents published. The radical sports in this situation are attracting interest of children and teenagers in school age, showing the educational potential convergent with the physical education purpose. In contrast, some resistances are identified by the educators, who expressed themselves through concerns related risk images and unpredictability envolved in the experience of these contents. Faced in this situation, based on the complex thought grounded in Edgar Morin, the objective of this test is present a reflection about Radical Sports insertion in the pedagogical proposals.

Benefícios da estimulação perceptual corporal no esquema corporal de idosos

Abstract: Advances in science have resulted in increased longevity and reflect the growing number of elderly individuals in society today. The increase in chronological age brings progressive loss of functionality, and changes the process of providing information on body awareness, resulting in the misinterpretation of body parameters. Studies have shown that movement and physical activity are able to positively influence body perception. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perceptual body stimulation activities on the body schema of the elderly. The evaluation was performed with the IMP (Image Marking Procedure), capable of measuring the degree of distortion between the actual and perceived image in different parts of the body. Measurements of body size perception were taken before and after perceptual body stimulation programs. The study results showed that the body intervention program can bring benefits to the participants, but it is necessary that stimulation have a more specific focus, according to the perceptive characteristics of each individual.

Protocolo de reabilitação para as reconstruções isoladas do ligamento cruzado posterior

Abstract: Elaborar um protocolo de reabilitacao pos-reconstrucao do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP) atraves de revisao da literatura. Foi realizada uma revisao da literatura em busca de dados referentes a conceitos e estudos biomecânicos relacionados com o ligamento cruzado posterior do joelho, utilizando-se os bancos de dados Medline e Embase. A estrategia de busca foi montada com a seguinte regra: problema ou lesao, associado a termos de localizacao anatomica, procedimento de intervencao cirurgica associado a termos de reabilitacao. Iniciamos o processo desta forma e posteriormente realizamos restricoes a termos especificos para melhorar a especificidade da busca. Para confeccao do protocolo, uma tabela foi construida para melhor direcionamento dos dados, com base no tempo decorrido do procedimento cirurgico ate o inicio da fisioterapia. Um protocolo de reabilitacao foi criado para melhor controle da descarga de peso nas primeiras semanas com o auxilio de imobilizador de joelho. Objetivamos o ganho da amplitude de movimento total do joelho, que deve ser conseguido ate o terceiro mes, evitando-se, assim, contraturas resultantes do processo de cicatrizacao tecidual. Os exercicios de fortalecimento e treino sensorio-motor foram orientados de acordo, evitando-se sobrecarga sobre o enxerto e respeitando os periodos de cicatrizacao do mesmo. O protocolo proposto nesta revisao foi enquadrado dentro das evidencias atuais sobre o assunto.

Influência da dança no aspecto biopsicossocial do idoso

Abstract: This paper "Influence of the dance aspect of the biopsychosocial old" proposal was to provide data that can contribute significantly during the aging process, following the influence of dance in their biopsychosocial aspects. The main objective was to evaluate the subjective perception of the quality of life of elderly people, of both genders, and the influence of a dance program. It was observed more frequently in elderly people with primary education (50%), Catholic (81.82%), married (90.91%), all with their own home, with family income 1-3 times the minimum wage of white origin, retires and the disease was more frequent hypertension (41.67%), followed by diabetes (29.17%). The dance showed improvement in scores on the WHOQOL-Old facets "Intimacy", "Death and Dying", "Social Participation", "Activities Past, Presents and Future", "Autonomy" and "Sensorimotor Functioning of" into pre and post intervention in both genders.

Árbitro brasileiro de futebol profissional: percepção do significado do arbitrar - doi: 10.4025/reveducfis.v23i2.15235

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the meaning of arbitrating to Brazilian soccer referees. Twenty four professional referees were assessed. Among them, seventeen were part of FIFA's referee list in 2011(ten referees and seven assistant referees) and seven aspiring FIFA referees through one question: “What does officiating mean to you?” The discourse analysis was performed according to Miles; Huberman (2004) guidelines. Four answer categories were obtained: development of competencies and recognition, feelings regarding officiating and soccer; livelihood as well as relation with soccer. This leads us to consider that part of the “soccer show”, was itself a factor of commitment to the activity, in addition, the award represents a significant part of life and the meaning of refereeing assigned to arbitrate shows that the activity becomes passion and apparently in positive adaptations to different situations faced forward, regardless of the level or the role it plays in the field.

Rapid Determination of the Thermal Nociceptive Threshold in Diabetic Rats

Abstract: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is characterized by hyperalgesia i.e., increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus, and allodynia i.e., hypersensitivity to normally innocuous stimuli. Hyperalgesia and allodynia have been studied in many different rodent models of diabetes mellitus. However, as stated by Bolcskei et al, determination of "pain" in animal models is challenging due to its subjective nature. Moreover, the traditional methods used to determine behavioral responses to noxious thermal stimuli usually lack reproducibility and pharmacological sensitivity. For instance, by using the hot-plate method of Ankier, flinch, withdrawal and/or licking of either hind- and/or fore-paws is quantified as reflex latencies at constant high thermal stimuli (52-55 °C). However, animals that are hyperalgesic to thermal stimulus do not reproducibly show differences in reflex latencies using those supra-threshold temperatures. As the recently described method of Bolcskei et al., the procedures described here allows for the rapid, sensitive and reproducible determination of thermal nociceptive thresholds (TNTs) in mice and rats. The method uses slowly increasing thermal stimulus applied mostly to the skin of mouse/rat plantar surface. The method is particularly sensitive to study anti-nociception during hyperalgesic states such as PDN. The procedures described bellow are based on the ones published in detail by Almasi et al and Bolcskei et al. The procedures described here have been approved the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee (LACUC), Wright State University.

Árbitro brasileiro de futebol profissional: percepção do significado do arbitrar

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the meaning of arbitrating to Brazilian soccer referees. Twenty four professional referees were assessed. Among them, seventeen were part of FIFA's referee list in 2011(ten referees and seven assistant referees) and seven aspiring FIFA referees through one question: "What does officiating mean to you?" The discourse analysis was performed according to Miles; Huberman (2004) guidelines. Four answer categories were obtained: development of competencies and recognition, feelings regarding officiating and soccer; livelihood as well as relation with soccer. This leads us to consider that part of the "soccer show", was itself a factor of commitment to the activity, in addition, the award represents a significant part of life and the meaning of refereeing assigned to arbitrate shows that the activity becomes passion and apparently in positive adaptations to different situations faced forward, regardless of the level or the role it plays in the field.

Atividades acadêmico-científico-culturais na formação do profissional de Educação Física

Abstract: Este estudo discute a importância da inclusao das atividades academico-cientifico-culturais (AACC) como estrategia para ampliar a formacao dos futuros profissionais de Educacao Fisica (EF) e descreve como vem sendo compreendidas e conduzidas nos cursos de Licenciatura e Bacharelado de sete Instituicoes de Ensino Superior de diferentes estados brasileiros que oferecem ambas modalidades de curso. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo-descritivo que utiliza como fonte de dados os regulamentos publicados nos sites das Instituicoes que foram analisados segundo categorias tematicas pre-determinadas e discutidos a luz da fundamentacao teorica da legislacao educacional sobre a formacao universitaria no Brasil. Concluiu-se que as finalidades previstas na legislacao tem sido parcialmente alcancadas uma vez que sua implementacao nas Instituicoes estudadas denota apropriacao parcial e, algumas vezes, equivocada de seu conteudo, o que indica a necessidade de ajustes para que o graduando possa ter sua formacao cultural enriquecida com tais praticas.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de instrumentos de triagem nutricional

Abstract: This study aims to describe the development and evaluation of nutritional screening tools to identify risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients. From the identification of predictive variables, the patient should be referred to the multidisciplinary team of nutrition therapy for intervention. Were studied 300 patients from a hospital in Sao Paulo, applied with a nutritional assessment survey of risk variables and conducted a multiple logistic regression for the selection of predictors. The variables associated with malnutrition were: unintentional weight loss, apparent bones, decreased appetite, diarrhea, inadequate energy intake and male sex. A nutritional screening tool was developed and showed good agreement with validated instruments.

Educação e envelhecimento bem-sucedido: reflexões sobre saúde e autocuidado

Abstract: Aging is a global phenomena, observed in different forms in developed countries and in developing countries, since successful aging is interdependent of biological, psychological and social conditions favoring to the exercise of selfcare to health. Such practices are often cultivated through education that intertwines with the process of aging and health. This essay discusses the relation of education, selfcare and health for the successful aging in a brazilian context. Considered important articles and books about the theme permitted observe a multiple production that, often, contrasts with the objective reality of elderly’s health in the Brazil. Final considerations alert for the urgency of effective actions that take the role of the citizenship from a sketch and promotes an environment in which the subject that ages rest assured that the process of aging will be successful.

Avaliação do torque de resistência passiva em atletas femininas com entorse de tornozelo

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in athletes. Direct evaluation of the ligament laxity can be obtained through the objective measurement of extreme passive inversion and eversion movements, but there are few studies on the use of the evaluation of the passive resistive torque of the ankle to assess the capsule and ligaments resistance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the inversion and eversion passive torque in athletes with and without ankle sprains history. METHOD: 32 female basketball and volleyball athletes (16.06 ± 0.8 years old; 67.63 ± 8.17 kg; 177.8 ± 6.47 cm) participated in this study. Their ankles were divided into two groups: control group (29), composed by symptom-free ankles, and ankle sprain group, composed by ankles which have suffered injury (29). The resistive torque at maximum passive ankle movement was measured by the isokinetic dynamometer and the muscular activity by electromyography system. The athletes performed 2 repetitions of inversion and eversion movement at 5, 10 and 20°/s and the same protocol only at maximum inversion movement. RESULTS: The resistive passive torque during the inversion and eversion was lower in the ankle sprain group. This group also showed lower torques at the maximum inversion movement. No differences were observed between inversion and eversion movement. CONCLUSIONS: Ankle sprain leads to lower passive torque, indicating reduction of the resistance of the lateral ankle ligaments and mechanical laxity.

Variáveis objetivas e subjetivas para monitoramento de diferentes ciclos de temporada em jogadores de basquete

Abstract: O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar, comparar e relacionar carga e cansaco causado por treinamento durante um ciclo de periodizacao em jogadores de basquete. Oito atletas profissionais masculinos com idade de 21,9 ± 3,4 anos, todos participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Basquete, divisao especial, foram sujeitos deste estudo. O macrociclo analisado incluiu 19 semanas divididas nos seguintes periodos: preparatorio, competitivo I e competitivo II (tendo 4,6 e nove semanas, respectivamente). Os autores avaliaram os atletas diariamente quanto a percepcao subjetiva de cansaco e carga de treinamento e monitoraram a potencia de membro superior dos atletas atraves da quantificacao de sua capacidade de lancar uma bola medicinal. Os atletas apresentaram menos fadiga (p < 0,005) no periodo preparatorio (13,71 ± 1,30) em comparacao com os periodos competitivo I (14,68 ± 1,51) e competitivo II (14,63 ± 1,22). Sua habilidade de lancar a bola medicinal diminuiu (p < 0,005) no periodo competitivo II (3,59 ± 0,30) em comparacao com os periodos preparatorio (3,80 ± 0,36) e competitivo I (3,86 ± 0,26). Sua monotonia diminuiu (p < 0,001) no periodo competitivo II (1,18 ± 0,43) em comparacao com o preparatorio (2,50 ± 2,01) e competitivo I (2,10 ± 1,61). Os resultados revelaram a efetividade na monitoracao da carga e cansaco dos atletas atraves do metodo proposto para auxiliar na organizacao do treinamento durante um macrociclo.

Eutrophization process in a system used for rearing the nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract: Aquaculture is composed of various themes of interest, particularly does eutrophization due to feeding have direct effects on fish ponds and the whole aquatic system. This study focused on the study of the water quality of an aquatic system related to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) rearing. Sampling was done at six sites during one rearing cycle (six months), taking water from the source of water supply, the fish pond itself, the effluent of the fish pond and the mixed waters. A principal component analysis revealed that, among all the environmental variables analyzed, chlorophyll-a, total nitrogen and phosphorus and organic matter were responsible for the variations observed during the rearing cycle. Other sources of variability extrinsic to the fish pond make it evident that the assessment must take the entire aquatic system related to the rearing into consideration, minimizing negative effects.

Transmissão de ideias sobre o corpo humano pelo professor de Educação Física escolar e reações percebidas nos alunos

Abstract: The present study investigates the ideas of the human body transmitted and grasped by the teachers of Physical Education in Basic Education classes. It was carried a research with Physical Education teachers using the following questions: What ideas about the human body are you transmitting in your Physical Education classes? Do you perceive the reactions of your students to these ideas? The analyses of the answers were methodologically followed in these moments: a) reading of the descriptions, b) elaboration of the units of meaning; c) ideographic analysis; d) nomothetic analysis. Results showed that teachers of Physical Education when transmitting ideas of restricted body in the physical dimension, they realized that the reactions of their students were directed to the concrete aspects of the body and to the aspects related to the behavior of the organisms; when they transmitted ideas of body focusing in the social dimension, they realized that their students demonstrated autonomy in social and cultural aspects. Finally, when they transmitted ideas of body in more including ways, they realized that their students related the physical activities to cognitive aspects. The results also showed that among the researched teachers, only one transmitted to the students the idea of the human body through inter-related physical, social and psychological knowledge.

A influência da natação no desempenho do triathlon: implicações para o treinamento e competição

Abstract: Triathlon is a sport that involves three different exercise modes, swimming, cycling and running, each of which contributes differently to the triathlete's performance. The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors that determine performance in swimming and how this can be used in triathletes' training and competitions. We searched articles on triathlon swimming using the following keywords in Portuguese: "triathlon," "triatleta," "performance na natacao," and their translations into English when necessary. Swimming is considered the most intense phase during a triathlon event. In short triathlon races, the intensity of this phase seems to be higher than the anaerobic threshold. The split time of this first phase seems to correlate positively with final time of the short races, which is not true for longer races. During the short and Olympic triathlon, the pacing strategy adopted at the swimming phase seems to directly influence the final outcome of the race. Thus, the planning of training loads within the three exercise modes of triathlon must take into consideration the distance and format of the races to achieve success.

Análise isocinética da articulação do cotovelo em crianças com paralisia cerebral

Abstract: A quantidade de torque aplicado na articulacao e uma medida de aptidao fisica importante para criancas com paralisia cerebral. O presente estudo analisou parâmetros cineticos na articulacao do cotovelo em criancas saudaveis e com paralisia cerebral. Participaram 10 criancas com paralisia cerebral e 10 criancas sem comprometimento neurologico. Avaliou-se a media do pico de torque, media do ângulo do pico de torque, coeficiente de variacao do torque e aceleracao angular do movimento de flexo-extensao do cotovelo nas velocidades com um dinamometro isocinetico. A media de pico de torque (extensao), aceleracao (flexao) e coeficiente de variacao (flexao e extensao) sao diferentes entre grupos. Conclui-se que o torque e aceleracao sofreram interferencias no movimento de flexo-extensao; as principais diferencas encontradas foram entre os extremos das velocidades; nao houve diferencas no ângulo do pico de torque. A espasticidade nao interferiu na forca dos musculos agonistas do movimento de flexao da articulacao do cotovelo.

A imagem corporal na dança de salão

Abstract: A danca nao competitiva e uma forma de manifestacao corporal que promove uniao corpo-mente-emocao e que tem influencia sobre os aspectos psicologicos e fisiologicos do ser humano. A danca de salao e a expressao dos movimentos do corpo em sincronia com um parceiro, em harmonia com o ritmo musical, organizados em um padrao espacial. Dancar permite que conhecamos novos caminhos que nos coloca em contato com nos mesmos e com o ambiente. Essa e uma maneira de produzir mudancas na relacao mente-corpo proporcionando aprendizado cognitivo e perceptivo dos sistemas, influenciando a imagem corporal. A imagem corporal representa a forma com que uma pessoa experimenta e conceitua seu corpo. Sofre influencia dos processos neurais e estados emocionais por isso esta em constante modificacao. Partindo do principio que a danca desencadeia emocoes e que promove a melhora na relacao corporal pressupomos que ela tenha influencia positiva na auto-imagem. Sendo assim, a proposta desse estudo e de ampliar os dados acerca da pratica de danca de salao avaliando seus beneficios na imagem corporal de individuos iniciantes. Para isso foi utilizada a escala de silhuetas proposta por Stunkard capaz de avaliar o grau de auto-satisfacao corporal antes e depois do modulo inicial de aulas de danca. Essa pesquisa mostrou que a danca de salao propiciou beneficios no nivel de satisfacao principalmente nas mulheres que a principio apresentavam-se descontentes com sua auto-imagem e passaram a se sentir mais satisfeitas com sua silhueta corporal.

Esquema corporal e nível de atividade física em adultos jovens universitários

Abstract: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o esquema corporal, o nivel de atividade fisica e a associacao existente entre estas variaveis. A amostra foi composta por 52 individuos com media de idade de 22,98 ± 4,85 anos, sendo 20 homens (23 ± 7,30 anos) e 32 mulheres (22,97 ± 3,19 anos). Os participantes assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e o trabalho foi aprovado pelo comite de etica da Universidade Sao Judas Tadeu. As variaveis analisadas foram o esquema corporal, atraves do Image Marking Procedure (IMP) e o nivel de atividade fisica, atraves do IPAq. Utilizou-se a estatistica descritiva para caracterizar e conhecer a distribuicao da amostra. Em seguida, os dados foram comparados utilizando o teste de analise de variância (ANOVA), seguido do teste de Bonferroni como post-hoc. A associacao foi verificada com o teste qui-quadrado e o odds ratio. Os homens apresentaram uma maior porcentagem de individuos hipoesquematicos e com esquema corporal adequado e as mulheres uma maior porcentagem de hiperesquematia. Quanto a simetria, somente a altura do trocânter no sexo feminino apresentou diferencas estatisticas (p = 0,02). A inatividade fisica foi evidente em todos os dominios para a amostra total, porem no dominio 4 verificou-se uma maior porcentagem de individuos fisicamente ativos no sexo masculino. O nivel de atividade fisica geral apresentou uma maior porcentagem de individuos classificados como fisicamente ativos. Nao houve associacao entre o esquema corporal e o nivel de atividade fisica. Nota-se que ha uma tendencia na populacao de perceberem suas dimensoes corporais maiores, ou seja, tendem a hiperesquematia. O fato do esquema corporal esta intimamente relacionado com as aferencias cinestesicas e proprioceptivas, nao foi confirmado nesta amostra ao comparar o nivel de atividade fisica e o esquema corporal.

Esteatose hepática e estilo de vida ativo: revisão de literatura

Abstract: A Doenca Hepatica Gordurosa Nao Alcoolica, conhecida como esteatose hepatica (EH) ou figado gorduroso e derivada do acumulo de lipideos nos hepatocitos, quando representa mais de 5% do peso desse orgao. Como a EH promove lesoes hepaticas, tem sido considerada como uma das causas mais comuns de doencas hepaticas cronicas nos paises desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Considerando a forte associacao com o estilo de vida, o objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar, atraves de uma revisao na literatura, os principais fatores relacionados ao risco do desenvolvimento de EH e sua associacao com o nivel de atividade fisica. Assegura-se que o desenvolvimento da EH esteja relacionado ao estilo de vida, em especial com o historico de inatividade fisica e habitos alimentares pouco saudaveis, fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da sindrome metabolica. A prevalencia da EH esta associada ao excesso de peso e a obesidade; diabetes melitus do tipo 2 e inatividade fisica, apresentando prevalencia entre 10 e 24% da populacao mundial. A atividade fisica e considerada como um dos fatores moduladores mais eficazes na prevencao de doencas como a esteatose hepatica, e a promocao da saude. Assim, aumentar o nivel de atividade fisica atraves das atividades da vida diaria e pelo envolvimento em programas de exercicios sao comportamentos desejaveis na prevencao de doencas cronicas. O presente estudo permite concluir que a EH como doenca metabolica se associa com o ganho de peso e baixo nivel de atividade fisica populacional. Os estudos indicaram que aumentar o nivel de atividade fisica pode colaborar com a diminuicao de gordura no figado e prevenir o aparecimento do quadro de esteatose hepatica. Importante frisar que outros habitos na vida diaria poderiam se associar a EH, destacando neste caso, o consumo de bebidas alcoolicas.

The rolling ball problem on the sphere

Abstract: By a sequence of rolling motions without slipping or twisting along arcs of great circles outside the surface of a sphere of radius R, a spherical ball of unit radius has to be transferred from an initial state to an arbitrary final state taking into account the orientation of the ball. Assuming R > 1 we provide a new and shorter prove of the result of Frenkel and Garcia in [4] that with at most 4 moves we can go from a given initial state to an arbitrary final state. Important cases such as the so called elimination of the spin discrepancy are done with 3 moves only.

Rômulo Almeida e o Brasil desenvolvimentista (1946-1964): ensaio de reinterpretação

Abstract: This paper presents a different approach toward the understanding of developmentalism in Brazil. The intention is to shed light on this process through its three distinct aspects: an ideological consensus on national potential, a methodological apparatus for interpreting the social and economic structures of the country, and a belief on a decentralized and democratic style of State planning. In this regard, economic policy is seen rather as a means than as an end in itself. To accomplish this task, Romulo Almeida's career within state bureaucracy was studied, which makes it possible to interpret the debate around development in Brazil between 1946 and 1964 from a different perspective. The article is the result of a research effort that revealed new documents produced by the author, especially in the 1970's, in which he not only reconsiders his rich trajectory, but also offers a critical approach toward the economic policies put into place by military governments. At the end of this paper, some possibilities for awakening new perspectives on development in present-day Brazil are taken into account.

Luzes femininas: a felicidade segundo Madame du Châtelet

Abstract: As luzes do Iluminismo frances consagradas por certa historia da filosofia foram indubitavelmente as masculinas. As presencas de Voltaire, Rousseau e Diderot nas pesquisas e nas obras sobre o periodo sao quase absolutas. A finalidade deste artigo e explorar as Luzes francesas, particularmente, a questao etica da felicidade, pelo olhar de uma razao tao ilustrada quanto a de Voltaire, Rousseau ou Diderot, porem de saiotes e espartilho: o pensamento de Emilie du Châtelet (1706-1749). Pouco conhecida pelo publico brasileiro e menos estudada ainda pelos dix-huitiemistes locais, Madame du Châtelet, marquesa de berco, escreveu, por volta de 1746, um Discurso sobre a felicidade. O exame de algumas das teses e propostas eticas contidas nesse opusculo e uma oportunidade instigante para se entenderem um pouco melhor nao so as Luzes francesas, mas, sobretudo, a sensibilidade e as angustias das mulheres de vanguarda da Franca pre-revolucionaria.

A Filosofia da Ciência em Augusto Comte: desvencilhando o pensamento comteano de mal-entendidos históricos

Abstract: The intention of the present paper is to resettle the importance of the Comte’s thought to the philosophy of science. To do so, we discard certain prejudices about positivism and reassess certain comtean’s concepts, such as the three states law, the science’s classification and the role of hypotheses in order to restore its relevance in the background of the history of the philosophy.

Habitação social, cidade jardim e standard. A busca por um ideário pitoresco e racional-construtivo para o comerciário. Ulysses Hellmeister e a cidade jardim dos comerciários

Abstract: O presente trabalho se propoe a analisar a trajetoria da construcao de um ideario que teve comoconcretizacao o conjunto habitacional “Cidade Jardim dos Comerciarios”, implantado no bairro deOlaria, no Rio de Janeiro. Construido pelo Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensoes dos Comerciarios(IAPC), entre 1944 e 1945, seu projeto foi o realizado no âmbito da Divisao de Engenharia que eracoordenado pelo engenheiro Ulysses Rodrigues Hellmeister. Procura-se, a partir do relatominucioso da atuacao desse profissional, mostrar como o tema da habitacao social foi sendotransmutado de um problema apenas tecnico, higienico e espacial, para um tema politico e social.Entendida a partir do contexto historico, dos debates e embates realizados entorno do tema dahabitacao entre 1920 e 1940 e dos objetivos politicos verifica-se os conflitos e evoca ascontradicoes do periodo, elucidando os diversos conceitos que constituiram a producaohabitacional de 1930 e 1964. Dessa forma, a insercao da Cidade Jardim dos Comerciarios comoproblema historico e importante para se entender um tema e um periodo tao pouco estudado.Inserida no âmbito da historiografia da cultura moderna recente, que procura recuperar a atuacaode profissionais da construcao que atuaram em campos, ainda, pouco estudados procura-semostrar a riqueza desses embates. Estudam-se tambem as decorrencias de partidos tomados nomomento do projeto que se refletem no conjunto existente hoje. Tal pesquisa e resultante doprojeto de pesquisa “Os pioneiros da Habitacao Social no Brasil”, coordenado pelos professoresNabil G. Bonduki e Ana Paula Koury e esta sediada em Sao Paulo.