Showing papers by "Universidade São Judas Tadeu published in 2019"

Latin American consumption of major food groups: Results from the ELANS study.

Abstract: Background The Latin American (LA) region is still facing an ongoing epidemiological transition and shows a complex public health scenario regarding non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A healthy diet and consumption of specific food groups may decrease the risk of NCDs, however there is a lack of dietary intake data in LA countries. Objective Provide updated data on the dietary intake of key science-based selected food groups related to NCDs risk in LA countries. Design ELANS (Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health) is a multicenter cross-sectional study assessing food consumption from an urban sample between15 to 65 years old from 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Two 24-HR were obtained from 9,218 individuals. The daily intake of 10 food groups related to NCDs risk (fruits; vegetables; legumes/beans; nuts and seeds; whole grains products; fish and seafood; yogurt; red meat; processed meats; sugar-sweetened beverages (ready-to-drink and homemade)) were assessed and compared to global recommendations. Results Only 7.2% of the overall sample reached WHO’s recommendation for fruits and vegetables consumption (400 grams per day). Regarding the dietary patterns related to a reduced risk of NCDs, among the overall sample legumes and fruits were the food groups with closer intake to the recommendation, although much lower than expected (13.1% and 11.5%, respectively). Less than 3.5% of the sample met the optimal consumption level of vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish and yogurt. Largest country-dependent differences in average daily consumption were found for legumes, nuts, fish, and yogurt. Mean consumption of SSB showed large differences between countries. Conclusion Diet intake quality is deficient for nutrient-dense food groups, suggesting a higher risk for NCDs in the urban LA region in upcoming decades. These data provide relevant and up-to-date information to take urgent public health actions to improve consumption of critically foods in order to prevent NCDs.

Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)

Abstract: This study aimed to assess diet quality score (DQS), considering healthy and unhealthy foods and nutrients, and diet diversity score (DDS) as indicators of risk of noncommunicable diseases in eight Latin American countries, and to verify the possible differences considering country, sex, age, socioeconomic, and nutritional status. A multicenter household population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 9218 individuals (age range 15–65 years). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. Dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24-h recalls and diet quality and diversity were assessed. In the whole sample, scores were observed from 63.0% ± 9.3% to total DQS, 65.0% ± 13.6% to healthy dietary items and 60.2% ± 13.6% to unhealthy items, and 5.6 ± 1.1 out of 9 points to DDS. Women presented lower DDS compared to men (5.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.6 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). Healthy DQS was higher as the socio-economic level increased, and unhealthy DQS was the opposite (p < 0.05). Total DQS was significantly lower only at the low socio-economic level (p < 0.05). Chile and Venezuela showed the lowest healthy (62.2 ± 15.2 and 61.9 ± 11.7, p < 0.05) and total DQS (61.4 ± 10.3, 61.2 ± 8.7, p < 0.05). No effects were observed when considering the age and anthropometric measurements. Promoting consumption of a diverse and high-quality diet is an essential challenge to accomplish.

Biodegradation of Vulcanized SBR: A Comparison between Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptomyces sp.

Abstract: Rubber residues present harmful impacts on health and environment, besides wasting valuable and huge amounts of rubber. Biological recycling technique is focused here to minimize this problem. A comparison of the biodegradation effect caused by Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptomyces sp., separately, on vulcanized SBR-rubber during 4 weeks is reported. The surface and molecular analyses were studied by FTIR-ATR, TGA, DSC, TC and SEM/EDS, in addition to the contact angle and crosslinking tests. B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and Streptomyces sp. evoked after 4 weeks a loss in v-SBR crosslinks by 17.15, 10.68 and 43.39% and also in the contact angle with water by 14.10, 12.86 and 15.71%, respectively., if compared to Control samples. FTIR findings indicate that the polymeric chain has been partially consumed causing C-C bonds scission indicating the biodegradation and bio-devulcanization phenomena. The bacterial strains caused a carbon loss by 9.15, 5.97 and 4.55% after one week and 16.09, 16.79 and 18.13% after four weeks for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and Streptomyces sp. mediums, respectively. DSC and EDS results are also promising and highlighting Streptomyces sp. strain as the most effective biodegradative one as an alternative and natural mean of degrading vulcanized rubber residues.

Quality of life of institutionalized aged with and without symptoms of depression.

Abstract: Objective: compare the quality of life (QOL) of aged residents in homes for aged people with or without symptoms of depression, and identify social, physical activity; leisure; health and basic activities of daily living (ADL) variables that correlate with QOL scores. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 101 institutionalized aged. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: symptoms of depression changed negatively the QOL in the domains: autonomy; present, past and future activities; social participation; intimacy and total score. Dependent aged presented lower QOL for the performance of ADL in the domains: autonomy; social participation and total score; dancing without limitation of movement; liking the residential and not presenting symptoms of depression were the variables that positively influenced the QOL of the aged. Conclusion: social and psychological support, good living conditions and stimulating assistance can improve the QOL of institutionalized elderlies.

Calcium-aluminate mortars at high temperatures: Overcoming adverse conversion effects using clinker aggregates

Abstract: The effect of elevated temperatures on a calcium aluminate mortar with clinker aggregates is the subject of this paper. After an exposure period of 3 h at temperatures ranging from 25 to 1000 °C, specimens were tested in residual conditions in order to evaluate changes on the mechanical and microstructural properties. A simplified hydration model based on the chemical reactions of the principal minerals is proposed to predict the evolution of matrix composition from the early-age hydration. The improvement of the mechanical properties occurring due to the conversion reactions between 25 °C and 200 °C, is attributed to an increased hydration reaction of both cement and clinker aggregate. Furthermore, when compared to the metastable reactions, an improved interlocking effect at the reactive aggregate interface, and a more dense nature of the stable hydration products, were observed. These phenomena balance the adverse effects promoted by conversion reactions on porosity and mechanical properties.

Physical Exercise Is Confirmed to Reduce Low Back Pain Symptoms in Office Workers: A Systematic Review of the Evidence to Improve Best Practices in the Workplace.

Abstract: This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of a physical exercise (PE) program on low back pain (LBP) symptoms of office workers and the modification of flexibility and range of motion (ROM), muscular strength, and quality of life (QoL). A literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus from April to May 2018. The keyword "low back pain" was associated with "office worker" OR "VDT operators" OR "office employees" OR "workplace" AND "exercise", OR "exercise therapy" OR "physical activity". Inclusion criteria were a home- or work-based exercise protocol for office workers with LBP symptoms and pre- to post-intervention evaluation of LBP symptoms. Three researchers independently examined all abstracts. The modified Cochrane methodological quality criteria were used for quality assessment and 11 articles were included. Exercise protocols were performed from 6 weeks to 12 months, 1-5 day per week, lasting 10-60 min for each session. Physical Exercise in the workplace improved all the considered outcomes. The best improvement was recorded in supervised protocols and in video-supported protocols performed in the workplace. The effect may be generated with small duration sessions during the working day, with only 10-15 min of adapted exercise to be performed 3-5 days per week.

Cholinergic Stimulation by Pyridostigmine Bromide Before Myocardial Infarction Prevent Cardiac and Autonomic Dysfunction.

Abstract: Inflammatory processes and cardiovascular autonomic imbalance are very relevant characteristic of the enormous dynamic process that is a myocardial infarction (MI). In this sense, some studies are investigating pharmacological therapies using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), aiming to increase parasympathetic tone after MI. Here we hypothesized that the use of PYR before the MI might bring an additional positive effect to the autonomic function, and consequently, in the inflammatory response and cardiac function. The present study aimed to evaluate left ventricular function, baroreflex sensitivity, autonomic modulation, and inflammatory profile in PYR-treated rats previously to MI. Methods: Male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were treated for 60 days with PYR. After treatment, they were submitted to the MI. After the MI, the autonomic and ventricular function were evaluated, as well as the systemic, left ventricle, and adipose tissue inflammatory profile. Results: PYR, performed before MI, prevented HR increase, systolic function impairment, baroreflex sensitivity drop, as well as pulse interval variance, RMSSD, blood pressure and parasympathetic modulation reduction in treated rats compared to untreated rats. Also, this positive functional changes may have been a result of the reduced inflammatory parameters in the left ventricle (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β), as well as increased IL-10 expression and IL-10/TNF-α ratio in treated animals before MI. Conclusion: Prior treatment with PYR prevents impairment of the autonomic nervous system after MI, which may be associated with the attenuated expression of inflammatory factors and heart dysfunction.

Effect of the addition of young bamboo culm flour as a sugar and/or fat substitute in cookie formulations

Abstract: One of the innovation strategies of the bakery industry is the use of new ingredients capable of increasing the health appeal of products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution (15%) of wheat flour by young bamboo culm flour (YBCF) in cookies formulations, using a central composite design with two variables (sugar and fat reductions) and three replicates at the central point. Formulations were selected by surface response methodology (p<0.10) and evaluated over 28 days of storage for stability and nutritional composition. Only sugar reduction led to significant differences in the diameter of the cookies. Formulations with 50% of reduction of sugar and fat (F2 and F3, respectively) were selected for the study, in addition to a control formulation (CF). Moisture content and water activity of the cookies remained low throughout the storage, as recommended for the maintenance of the crispness. Cookies F2 and F3 were light-colored, similar to CF, and presented lower energy value (0.83 and 11.73%, respectively), compared with CF. These results indicate that YBCF may be a promising ingredient for the bakery industry, once it contains high fiber levels and allows the reduction of up to 50% sugar and fat in cookies.

Nordic Walking Promoted Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese People: A Systematic Review for Future Exercise Prescription.

Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of Nordic Walking (NW) on anthropometric parameters, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, aerobic capacity, blood sample, and glucose tolerance in overweight and obese subjects. The main keywords "Nordic Walking" or "Pole Walking", associated with either "obese", "obesity", "overweight", or "weight loss" were used on the online database MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus. Additionally, references of the studies included were screened to identify eligible articles. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten manuscripts were considered as eligible for this review. The results of the studies were categorized in several domains with regard to "anthropometric parameters and body composition", "cardiovascular parameters and aerobic capacity", and "blood sample and glucose tolerance". The results showed positive effects on the anthropometric parameters, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, blood sample, and glucose tolerance. The greatest improvements were observed in supervised and high weekly frequency of NW interventions. NW could be considered as an effective modality through which to involve the obese in physical activity. For weight loss, NW should be prescribed 4-5 times per week, at least 60 min per session, preferably combined with diet control.

Effects of Physical Training on the Myocardium of Oxariectomized LDLr Knockout Mice: MMP 2/9, Collagen I/III, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Abstract: Fundamento: O surgimento da doenca cardiaca coronariana aumenta com a menopausa, inatividade fisica e dislipidemia. Sabe-se que o treinamento fisico promove a melhora das funcoes cardiovasculares Objectivo: Investigar os efeitos do treinamento fisico aerobico sobre o ventriculo esquerdo em camundongos LDL knockout ovariectomizadas. Metodos: Trinta animais foram divididos em 6 grupos (n = 5): controle sedentario nao ovariectomizado, controle sedentario ovariectomizado, controle treinado ovariectomizado, sedentario LDL-knockout nao ovariectomizado, sedentario LDL-knockout ovariectomizado e treinado LDL-knockout ovariectomizado. Analisamos os parâmetros medios da [...]

Main sources of added sugars in Argentina

Abstract: The high consumption of added sugars in the diet of the Argentine population and its consequent effect on health are current concerns both at the clinical and public health levels. The objective of this study was to determine the main sources of added sugars in the Argentine diet and to determine the proportional energy contribution of each of them. The sample consisted of 1266 individuals, representative of the country's urban population from 15 to 65 years old, stratified by region, age, gender and socio-economic level. Two 24-hour intake records and one socio-economic questionnaire were carried out. Among the total food and beverages consumed, 26.9% of added sugars was contributed by soft drinks and 23.8% by infusions. The third place, with 15.4%, was obtained by baked goods (bread, cookies, etc.) and the fourth, with 12%, from ready-to-prepare juices, ahead of sweets, candies and dairy products. Men, compared to women, consumed significantly more added sugars in soft drinks (32.6 vs. 22.1%) and women more in infusions (25.5% vs. 21.8%), baked goods, sugar and honey. The lower income population consumed significantly more sugar in infusions at the expense of "mate" (21.4 vs. 7 g/day) and no differences were observed in the consumption of soft drinks by socio-economic level (32.9 vs. 34.4 g/day). Urgent measures based on education could improve the consumption habits of added sugars and the health of the population.

Design, development and application of a real-time capacitive sensor for automatically measuring liquid level

Abstract: In the present study a real-time capacitive sensor based on a capacitance step method is designed, developed and applied on measuring the liquid level by immersion. The capacitive sensor consists of two electrodes from copper plated phenolite plates separated by a gap distance and mounted inside a non-conductive storage tank. Water is used as the dielectric material. The analyzed sensor behavior with liquid level variation is semi-linear and obtained in function of the output voltage variation by using proper signal conditioning circuit. For converting the voltage variation into level variation, a parallel R–C circuit is used instead of conventional bridge circuit. Under suitable parameter settings it provided good reading accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed model, which confirm the satisfactory performance of the capacitive sensor for liquid level measurement. The sensor presents an excellent ease of construction and installation, linked to the good measurements precision and high autonomy of system operation. The behavior experiments under different salt concentrations show that the water chemical composition does not interfere on the sensor operation. The proposed model exhibits a promising employment in several applications, such as control equipment for irrigation, biomedical area—in the interaction between antibody–antigen or protein-DNA, aerospace and pharmaceutical industry, gas sensors, and automation solutions.

Physical exercise alters hepatic morphology of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout ovariectomized mice

Abstract: To explore the effects of physical exercise on the liver of animals in menopause, we analyzed the histomorphometric parameters of the hepatic tissue in ovariectomized and dyslipidemic female mice. The animals were distributed in six groups (n = 5): sedentary control (SC), sedentary ovariectomized control (SOC), trained ovariectomized control (TOC), sedentary LDL knockout (LDL-S), sedentary ovariectomized LDL knockout (LDL-SO), and trained ovariectomized LDL knockout (LDL-TO). At the end of the experiment, the liver and the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of animals were removed for morphometric and stereological studies. In the LDL-S and LDL-SO animals, both sedentary, results showed reduction in the area (µm2) and major and minor diameters (µm) of hepatocytes and reduction in the portions of large hepatocytes, and increase in the percentage of Kupffer cells. The trained group showed a tendency of increase in the area and diameter and in the percentage of hepatocytes, as well significant reduction in the percentage of Kupffer cells and interstitial tissue. We suggested that training can prevent cell and tissue damage caused by the process of increase in hepatic fat, lipoperoxidation, and tissue inflammation in animals with privation of estrogen and dyslipidemia, apparently reflecting a better metabolic response of the hepatic tissue in organisms undergoing training.

Expansão e desaceleração do mercado privado formal de moradia a partir dos anos 2000 na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo

Abstract: This study examines the housing market in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, which is considered a research laboratory due to its extent, variety of companies and municipal profiles, institutional frameworks, urban and housing policies. The urban real estate dynamics is analyzed in periods of expansion and deceleration of the real estate sector in the 2000s, focusing on specificities of processes involving the built environment in the cities of the region. A multi-scalar analysis was carried out, with macroeconomic and sectorial data, and a periodization was organized to characterize elements of the private housing supply, real estate agents and companies’ strategies by period and in different markets (mature and weak), as well as general trends. Changes in agents’ strategies and product profile were observed according to expansion or deceleration periods and city/market size.

O neoinstitucionalismo histórico como método de análise jurídica de políticas públicas: o estudo da trajetória da política de carreira docente

Abstract: This article is derived from a research on policies aimed at valuing basic education teachers in Brazil. Here, we observe that the legal analysis of public policies implies a commitment to move beyond the narrow field of law studies, exploring the dense literature of policy analysis, which provides a multidimensional view of the legal phenomenon. It is based on the premise that the neoinstitutionalist literature, in its historical aspect, favors the in-depth understanding of the object, as it allows the analysis of the entire cycle of public policy, considering the obstacles and strategies adopted for its construction. The methodological tools offered by this approach allow the law scholar who studies public policies to build models of analysis that favor their legal effectiveness and the improvement of their legal-institutional design.

Occurrence of anemia in Holstein calves in the first month after birth.

Abstract: The high mortality rates of calves has encouraged research of the physiological mechanisms that control birth and adaptation of newborns to extrauterine life, to allow early identification of the presence of disease characteristics during the neonatal period. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anemia in Holstein calves in the first month after birth and address the lack of information on the subject in neonates raised under national conditions. In total, 385 animals, 199 from refrigerated type A raw milk producing and 186 from refrigerated raw milk producing dairy farms, were surveyed. Anemia was observed in 14.3 % of the heifers (55/385), with a higher frequency in the farms producing type A milk (18.6 %, 37/199). It was concluded that the frequency of anemia is significant in neonates of the studied breed, particularly in those with more technified properties (type A milk), with this condition being, in most cases, a possible etiology of iron-deficiency.

Estado, democracia e tecnologia: conflitos políticos no contexto do big-data, das fake news e das shitstorms

Abstract: O presente artigo trata dos impactos que as novas tecnologias e alguns de seus potenciais fenomenos correspondentes (big-data, shitstorm, candystorm e fake news) tem sobre os processos eleitorais e, consequentemente, o modelo democratico existente na atualidade. Este trabalho se desenvolve a partir de um estudo interdisciplinar, abrangendo um conceitual teorico de ciencias ligadas com comunicacao, tecnologia, direito e politica. O objetivo deste artigo e descrever os fenomenos do big-data, shitstorm, candystorm e fake news, a partir da literatura academica existente, e indicar como todos eles terao uma relevância crescente no desenvolvimento dos processos eleitorais contemporâneos, criando a necessidade de novas iniciativas, no nivel do Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciario, para evitar consequencias deleterias capazes de afetar o equilibrio das disputas eleitorais e a democracia como um todo.

Análise da produção do conhecimento sobre a educação física na educação infantil

Abstract: As the first step of Basic Education, Early Childhood Education has undergone several changes in the last decades. Driven by society, educational laws were altered and reflected directly on school Physical Education, which now must meet the demands of early childhood Education. Therefore, this study assesses works on Physical Education in Early Childhood Education conducted at graduate programs available at the online Catalog of Thesis and Dissertations of CAPES (acronym for Brazil’s Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel). We adopted integrative revision as a methodological resource. The analysis of the results showed increase in the number of dissertations and thesis on Physical Education in Early Childhood Education, both in PE and in Education programs. The topics covered from pedagogical practices, inclusion and valuation of PE, teacher training and life history, curricula and regulations to the difficulties in working in Early Childhood Education.

Energy drinks do not alter aerobic fitness assessment using field tests in healthy adults regardless of physical fitness status

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of energy drink ingestion on the performance of running performance in amateur runners with different levels of physical fitness. Material: Sixty healthy subjects were selected and randomized according to the level of physical fitness (Low: <29.9 ml.kg.min; Moderate: 30-37.9 ml.kg.min; and High: > 38 ml.kg.min). Thereafter, they were further distributed in Placebo (27g glucose) and Energy Drink (27g glucose, 30g sodium, 1000mg taurine, 600mg glucuronolactone, 80mg caffeine, 50mg inositol, 16mg vitamin B3, 5mg vitamin B5, 1,3mg vitamin B2, 3 mg vitamin B6 and 2.4 mg vitamin B12), resulting in six groups according to physical fitness level such Placebo (P, Low: L, Moderate: M, High: H) and Energy Drink (ED, Low: L, Moderate: M, High: H). The drinks were administered 60 minutes prior to the cooper test. Results: Energy drink ingestion did not elicit performance improvement despite physical fitness level. However, the L group running distance was longer (P:3168 ± 167; ED: 3228 ± 218, meters) than M (P:1962 ± 75; ED: 2035 ± 105, meters) and L (P: 1422 ± 74; ED: 1440 ± 62, meters) (p<0.01). The same result was found following the use of the equation for calculating oxygen consumption (L group P: 20±1.4; BE: 23±1.4; ml.kg.min; M group P: 35±1.0; BE: 34±0.9 ml.kg.min; and H group P: 54±3.7; ED: 60±4.8 ml.kg .min). Conclusion: Data from the present study demonstrated that the use of energy drinks does not enhance performance of amateur runners regardless of the level of physical fitness.

Body image, nutritional status and quality of life in long-lived older adults

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the body image and nutritional status (NS) of older adults aged 80 and over and its relation with quality of life (QoL). Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study, with no intervention, using non-probabilistic sampling, was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017 with 103 older individuals aged ≥80 years old from the state of Sao Paulo. NS was evaluated according to OPAS/SABE; body image was evaluated by the Kakeshita fifteen silhouette scale, and the WHOQoL-bref and WHOQoL-old were used to measure QoL. The Chi-square test was used to verify the association between the studied variables and sex. To compare QoL with nutritional status and body image, the ANOVA Factor test was used. The level of significance was 5% (p<0.05). Results: The majority of the interviewees were female (69.2%) and the average age was 82.75 (±2.98). When comparing the perception of QoL with NS, there was a significant difference (p=0.027) in the self-evaluation of QoL of obese older adults only. The QoL related to body image of both sexes presented a significant difference (p=0.020) in the environmental domain of the WHOQoL-bref in the evaluation of body satisfaction. Conclusion: The body image distortion identified by these older adults did not interfere with their perception of QoL. However, when NS was considered, overweight older adults had a higher perception of QoL.

Level of Physical Activity on the Body Image of Young Women

Abstract: Physical exercise has the ability to alter the measurements of the body related to esthetic. The objective of the present study was to compare the body image and body esthetic between two groups of women with different levels of physical activity. We evaluated 79 women who were divided into 2 groups: 39 women with low or moderate levels of physical activity, and 40 women with high levels of physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken using the InBody S10 multifrequency device (InBody Co., Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea). The scale of silhouettes, which is composed of 9 engravings of body images, was used to verify the body image, as well as the Portuguese version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) validated for university students. The group of evaluators was composed of twenty physical education professionals of both sexes, ten male and ten female. The group with low/moderate levels of physical activity, as expected, showed a lower amount (minutes per week) of physical activity of mild, moderate and vigorous intensity when compared with the group with high levels of physical activity (p 0.05). The overall body esthetic score, attributed only by the male and only by the female evaluators, did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). We concluded that the level of physical activity did not influence the body image and body esthetic of the women.

Cursos de cuidadores de idosos: a clientela, o conteúdo e a qualificação

Abstract: The need for caregivers, both formal and informal, increases as the elderly population enlarges, since the installation of chronic non-transmissible diseases and the loss of functionality increase over the years, compromising the elderly's ability to take care of him/herself. The regulation of the profession and qualification of caregivers are not yet clearly established. The research aimed to raise, through electronic search and direct contacts with the institutions, the courses offered in the state of Sao Paulo, with attention to duration, initial requirements to those who intend to attend them, the explicit program content, teachers involved in the proposal and the inclusion or not of practical training. A total of 39 courses were presented as in functioning. Being 16 years old and being literate were the smallest requirements found, but the criteria were not always clearly established. The number of course hours averaged 64, however ranged from four to 200. The certificate was provided by 71.8%, even if some did not include an internship in their proposal. Almost all the courses counted on a nurse as a teacher, being that several had professionals coming from diverse formations. The programs, when obtained, presented great diversity of contents, not always compatible with the proposed number of hours. In spite of efforts to regulate the profession, it is observed that the qualification courses are still very dissimilar, offering space for many to obtain certificates that do not guarantee any kind of qualification for the care of the elderly population, which requires specific care. It should be emphasized that the conditions of reality deserve to be discussed by those involved in caring for the elderly, both in academic and broader social spaces.

Sedentary lifestyle in adolescents is associated with impairment in autonomic cardiovascular modulation

Abstract: Introduction Regular physical exercise, or a more active lifestyle, are important to prevent cardiovascular diseases, reducing not only cardiovascular mortality but also promoting a reduction in the risk factors related to these diseases. Objective To assess the association between physical inactivity and heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the Diagnostic Type with Level of Evidence II according to the Oxford table. One hundred and twenty-nine adolescents were evaluated, aged 15 and 17 years old, divided into four groups: male teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAM n = 28) or physically active (FAM n = 29), and female teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAF n = 42) or physically active (FAF n = 30). The level of physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ. The HRV was evaluated in the time and frequency domains. Results Reduced pulse interval variance was observed in the insufficiently active male or female groups (5089 ± 378 ms2 and 4335 ± 276 ms2 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (9106 ± 606 ms2 and 6182 ± 366 ms2 respectively). Moreover, the insufficiently active groups presented higher cardiac sympathetic/vagal balance values (0.81 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.05 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05 respectively). Conclusion A physically active lifestyle was associated with better cardiovascular autonomic modulation in adolescents. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

La percepción de los gestores sobre los objetivos del deporte en los municipios

Abstract: The purpose of this inventory was to characterize the profile of sports managers from cities belonging to an intermunicipal consortium in the state of São Paulo and to know their view on the objectives of the sport in the city. A qualitative research was carried out, with the participation of 12 sports managers belonging to the Union of the municipalities of Media Sorocabana, in São Paulo. Semi-structured, recorded and audio and transcribed interviews were performed. For the analysis of these interviews, the Content Analysis technique was used. It was possible to verify that the profile of the municipal sports managers is similar to that identified in other studies. Also it is verified the existence of a culture that disregards the professional skills and abilities for the sport management, inherent to the sport organizations. In their interviews, managers claim that sport in their cities aims to contribute to social inclusion, improve health and quality of life, identify new talent for sports and democratize access to sports practices. We realize that some of the proposed objectives cannot be achieved only with the practice of sports, but that they depend on the elaboration of a public policy that integrates different municipal secretariats.

Práticas corporais e paulo freire: uma análise sobre a produção do conhecimento

Abstract: This study aims at understanding how Freirean theory has been studied by the Physical Education (PE) academic community. A systematic review was carried out in the databases ERIC, SPORTDiscus, and Fuente Academica, with the following descriptors; Empowerment; Critical Theory; and Paulo Freire, combined with Physical Education both in English and Portuguese. Studies about dance, fight, gymnastics, sports, games, games, and/or rhythmic and expressive activities were selected for analysis. Knowledge production and the discussion were mapped for the following categories: Consciousness; Popular culture; and Empowerment. Freirean studies are rare in PE. However, those found show the contribution of Freire’s teachings to a more critical and democratic PE. Therefore, new investigations must further examine Freirean theory and PE.

Envelhecimento e trabalho: percepções e vivências de docentes do ensino superior na maturidade

Abstract: This study presents results of a research that aimed to understand the conceptions of higher education teachers in maturity about the relationship of aging and work. A descriptive study with a qualitative approach was carried out with 10 university professors from the state of Sao Paulo. Data analysis was based on the multiple case study technique. It was observed that teachers associated different perceptions of aging linked to losses and gains. They demonstrated the teaching work related to pleasure and the possibility of contributing to a better society. It is concluded that it is necessary to expand the theme in new research