scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Université catholique de Louvain

EducationLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
About: Université catholique de Louvain is a education organization based out in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 25319 authors who have published 57360 publications receiving 2172080 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Louvain & UCLouvain.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare two forms of crowdfunding: entrepreneurs solicit individuals either to pre-order the product or to advance a fixed amount of money in exchange for a share of future profits (or equity).
Abstract: With crowdfunding, an entrepreneur raises external financing from a large audience (the "crowd"), in which each individual provides a very small amount, instead of soliciting a small group of sophisticated investors. This article compares two forms of crowdfunding: entrepreneurs solicit individuals either to pre-order the product or to advance a fixed amount of money in exchange for a share of future profits (or equity). In either case, we assume that "crowdfunders" enjoy "community benefits" that increase their utility. Using a unified model, we show that the entrepreneur prefers pre-ordering if the initial capital requirement is relatively small compared with market size and prefers profit sharing otherwise. Our conclusions have implications for managerial decisions in the early development stage of firms, when the entrepreneur needs to build a community of individuals with whom he or she must interact. We also offer extensions on the impact of quality uncertainty and information asymmetry.

1,400 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that in a dataset where the location of an individual is specified hourly, and with a spatial resolution equal to that given by the carrier's antennas, four spatio-temporal points are enough to uniquely identify 95% of the individuals.
Abstract: We study fifteen months of human mobility data for one and a half million individuals and find that human mobility traces are highly unique. In fact, in a dataset where the location of an individual is specified hourly, and with a spatial resolution equal to that given by the carrier’s antennas, four spatio-temporal points are enough to uniquely identify 95% of the individuals. We coarsen the data spatially and temporally to find a formula for the uniqueness of human mobility traces given their resolution and the available outside information. This formula shows that the uniqueness of mobility traces decays approximately as the 1/10 power of their resolution. Hence, even coarse datasets provide little anonymity. These findings represent fundamental constraints to an individual’s privacy and have important implications for the design of frameworks and institutions dedicated to protect the privacy of individuals.

1,397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An interface for the Mathematica package FeynRules that allows for an automatic output of models in the UFO format, which is flexible, modular and agnostic of any assumption such as the number of particles or the color and Lorentz structures appearing in the interaction vertices.

1,392 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Alasdair Ivens1, Christopher S. Peacock1, Elizabeth A. Worthey2, Lee Murphy1, Gautam Aggarwal2, Matthew Berriman1, Ellen Sisk2, Marie-Adèle Rajandream1, Ellen Adlem1, Rita Aert3, Atashi Anupama2, Zina Apostolou, Philip Attipoe2, Nathalie Bason1, Christopher Bauser4, Alfred Beck5, Stephen M. Beverley6, Gabriella Bianchettin7, K. Borzym5, G. Bothe4, Carlo V. Bruschi7, Carlo V. Bruschi8, Matt Collins1, Eithon Cadag2, Laura Ciarloni7, Christine Clayton, Richard M.R. Coulson9, Ann Cronin1, Angela K. Cruz10, Robert L. Davies1, Javier G. De Gaudenzi11, Deborah E. Dobson6, Andreas Duesterhoeft, Gholam Fazelina2, Nigel Fosker1, Alberto C.C. Frasch11, Audrey Fraser1, Monika Fuchs, Claudia Gabel, Arlette Goble1, André Goffeau12, David Harris1, Christiane Hertz-Fowler1, Helmut Hilbert, David Horn13, Yiting Huang2, Sven Klages5, Andrew J Knights1, Michael Kube5, Natasha Larke1, Lyudmila Litvin2, Angela Lord1, Tin Louie2, Marco A. Marra, David Masuy12, Keith R. Matthews14, Shulamit Michaeli, Jeremy C. Mottram15, Silke Müller-Auer, Heather Munden2, Siri Nelson2, Halina Norbertczak1, Karen Oliver1, Susan O'Neil1, Martin Pentony2, Thomas M. Pohl4, Claire Price1, Bénédicte Purnelle12, Michael A. Quail1, Ester Rabbinowitsch1, Richard Reinhardt5, Michael A. Rieger, Joel Rinta2, Johan Robben3, Laura Robertson2, Jeronimo C. Ruiz10, Simon Rutter1, David L. Saunders1, Melanie Schäfer, Jacquie Schein, David C. Schwartz16, Kathy Seeger1, Amber Seyler2, Sarah Sharp1, Heesun Shin, Dhileep Sivam2, Rob Squares1, Steve Squares1, Valentina Tosato7, Christy Vogt2, Guido Volckaert3, Rolf Wambutt, T. Warren1, Holger Wedler, John Woodward1, Shiguo Zhou16, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Deborah F. Smith17, Jenefer M. Blackwell18, Kenneth Stuart19, Kenneth Stuart2, Bart Barrell1, Peter J. Myler19, Peter J. Myler2 
15 Jul 2005-Science
TL;DR: The organization of protein-coding genes into long, strand-specific, polycistronic clusters and lack of general transcription factors in the L. major, Trypanosoma brucei, and Tritryp genomes suggest that the mechanisms regulating RNA polymerase II–directed transcription are distinct from those operating in other eukaryotes, although the trypanosomatids appear capable of chromatin remodeling.
Abstract: Leishmania species cause a spectrum of human diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We have sequenced the 36 chromosomes of the 32.8-megabase haploid genome of Leishmania major (Friedlin strain) and predict 911 RNA genes, 39 pseudogenes, and 8272 protein-coding genes, of which 36% can be ascribed a putative function. These include genes involved in host-pathogen interactions, such as proteolytic enzymes, and extensive machinery for synthesis of complex surface glycoconjugates. The organization of protein-coding genes into long, strand-specific, polycistronic clusters and lack of general transcription factors in the L. major, Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tritryp) genomes suggest that the mechanisms regulating RNA polymerase II-directed transcription are distinct from those operating in other eukaryotes, although the trypanosomatids appear capable of chromatin remodeling. Abundant RNA-binding proteins are encoded in the Tritryp genomes, consistent with active posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.

1,357 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations at BESIII, the LHC, RHIC, FAIR, the Super Flavor and/or Tau-Charm factories, JLab, the ILC, and beyond. The list of newly found conventional states expanded to include h(c)(1P), chi(c2)(2P), B-c(+), and eta(b)(1S). In addition, the unexpected and still-fascinating X(3872) has been joined by more than a dozen other charmonium- and bottomonium-like "XYZ" states that appear to lie outside the quark model. Many of these still need experimental confirmation. The plethora of new states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c (c) over bar, b (b) over bar, and b (c) over bar bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. Lattice QCD has grown from a tool with computational possibilities to an industrial-strength effort now dependent more on insight and innovation than pure computational power. New effective field theories for the description of quarkonium in different regimes have been developed and brought to a high degree of sophistication, thus enabling precise and solid theoretical predictions. Many expected decays and transitions have either been measured with precision or for the first time, but the confusing patterns of decays, both above and below open-flavor thresholds, endure and have deepened. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.

1,354 citations


Authors

Showing all 25540 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Robert Langer2812324326306
Pulickel M. Ajayan1761223136241
Klaus Müllen1642125140748
Giacomo Bruno1581687124368
Willem M. de Vos14867088146
David Goldstein1411301101955
Krzysztof Piotrzkowski141126999607
Andrea Giammanco135136298093
Christophe Delaere135132096742
Vincent Lemaitre134131099190
Michael Tytgat134144994133
Jian Li133286387131
Jost B. Jonas1321158166510
George Stephans132133786865
Peter Hall132164085019
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
176.5K papers, 6.2M citations

95% related

University of Paris
174.1K papers, 5M citations

95% related

Centre national de la recherche scientifique
382.4K papers, 13.6M citations

94% related

Utrecht University
139.3K papers, 6.2M citations

93% related

University of Amsterdam
140.8K papers, 5.9M citations

93% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023147
2022424
20212,952
20202,969
20192,752
20182,676