Université de Montréal

About: Université de Montréal is a education organization based out in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 45641 authors who have published 100476 publications receiving 4004007 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Montreal & UdeM.

Arctic Indigenous Peoples Experience the Nutrition Transition with Changing Dietary Patterns and Obesity

Abstract: Indigenous Peoples globally are part of the nutrition transition. They may be among the most extreme for the extent of dietary change experienced in the last few decades. In this paper, we report survey data from 44 representative communities from 3 large cultural areas of the Canadian Arctic: the Yukon First Nations, Dene/Metis, and Inuit communities. Dietary change was represented in 2 ways: 1) considering the current proportion of traditional food (TF) in contrast to the precontact period (100% TF); and 2) the amount of TF consumed by older vs. younger generations. Total diet, TF, and BMI data from adults were investigated. On days when TF was consumed, there was significantly less (P 40 y old consistently consumed more (P < 0.05) TF than those younger. Overall obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) of Arctic adults exceeded all-Canadian rates. Measures to improve nutrient-dense market food (MF) availability and use are called for, as are ways to maintain or increase TF use.

Agalsidase-Beta Therapy for Advanced Fabry Disease: A Randomized Trial

Abstract: Background Fabry disease (alpha-galactosidase A deficiency) is a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that can cause early death from renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular involvement. Objective To see whether agalsidase beta delays the onset of a composite clinical outcome of renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events and death in patients with advanced Fabry disease. Design Randomized (2:1 treatment-to-placebo randomization), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting 41 referral centers in 9 countries. Patients 82 adults with mild to moderate kidney disease; 74 of whom were protocol-adherent. Intervention Intravenous infusion of agalsidase beta (1 mg per kg of body weight) or placebo every 2 weeks for up to 35 months (median, 18.5 months). Measurements The primary end point was the time to first clinical event (renal, cardiac, or cerebrovascular event or death). Six patients withdrew before reaching an end point: 3 to receive commercial therapy and 3 due to positive or inconclusive serum IgE or skin test results. Three patients assigned to agalsidase beta elected to transition to open-label treatment before reaching an end point. Results Thirteen (42%) of the 31 patients in the placebo group and 14 (27%) of the 51 patients in the agalsidase-beta group experienced clinical events. Primary intention-to-treat analysis that adjusted for an imbalance in baseline proteinuria showed that, compared with placebo, agalsidase beta delayed the time to first clinical event (hazard ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.21 to 1.03]; P = 0.06). Secondary analyses of protocol-adherent patients showed similar results (hazard ratio, 0.39 [CI, 0.16 to 0.93]; P = 0.034). Ancillary subgroup analyses found larger treatment effects in patients with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates greater than 55 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 0.19 [CI, 0.05 to 0.82]; P = 0.025) compared with 55 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or less (hazard ratio, 0.85 [CI, 0.32 to 2.3]; P = 0.75) (formal test for interaction, P = 0.09). Most treatment-related adverse events were mild or moderate infusion-associated reactions, reported by 55% of patients in the agalsidase-beta group and 23% of patients in the placebo group. Limitations The study sample was small. Only one third of the patients experienced clinical events, and some patients withdrew before experiencing any event. Conclusions Agalsidase-beta therapy slowed progression to the composite clinical outcome of renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular complications and death compared with placebo in patients with advanced Fabry disease. Therapeutic intervention before irreversible organ damage may provide greater clinical benefit.

Aquatic Colloids and Nanoparticles: Current Knowledge and Future Trends

Abstract: Environmental Context. The fate and behaviour of trace pollutants are very strongly modified, and usually dominated, by their physical and chemical interactions with naturally occurring aquatic colloids (defined as solid phase material with one dimension between 1 nm and 1 μm). This review summarises the area and key advances in the field of natural aquatic colloids, including technique development and quantification of colloidal structure and interactions with pollutants. The review also discusses areas in which significant advances are likely to be made or are needed and, as such, provides a framework for further work in the next few years. Abstract. Natural aquatic colloids are materials with one dimension between 1 nm and 1 μm. More informally defined, nanoparticles are materials with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Both colloids and nanoparticles have significant effects on pollutant, nutrient, and pathogen chemistry, transport and bioavailability, and may themselves be bioavailable. Techniques for their fractionation, characterization and analysis have improved greatly in recent years. Although knowledge of their structure and environmental impact has also increased, it has not done so to the same degree and thus the field awaits the substantial application of new methodologies. This paper reviews the current state of the art in this area and also discusses likely future developments.