Université de Montréal

About: Université de Montréal is a education organization based out in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 45641 authors who have published 100476 publications receiving 4004007 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Montreal & UdeM.

Neuropsychological Change in Early Phase Schizophrenia During 12 Months of Treatment With Olanzapine, Risperidone, or Haloperidol

Abstract: Background The purpose of this investigation was to test the efficacy of novel antipsychotic medications in the treatment of cognitive impairment in early phase schizophrenia. Methods Sixty-five patients in this multicenter double-blind study were randomly assigned to olanzapine (5-20 mg), risperidone (4-10 mg), or haloperidol (5-20 mg). Standard measures of clinical and motor syndromes were administered, as well as a comprehensive battery of tests to assess (1) motor skills, (2) attention span, (3) verbal fluency and reasoning, (4) nonverbal fluency and construction, (5) executive skills, and (6) immediate recall at baseline and after 6, 30, and 54 weeks of treatment. Results The general cognitive index derived from the 6 domain scores revealed a significantly greater benefit from treatment with olanzapine relative to haloperidol and olanzapine relative to risperidone, but no significant difference was shown between risperidone and haloperidol. The improvement related to olanzapine was apparent after 6 weeks and enhanced after 30 and 54 weeks of treatment. Exploratory within-group analyses of the 6 cognitive domains after a conservative Bonferroni adjustment revealed a significant improvement with olanzapine only on the immediate recall domain, and similar analyses of the 17 individual tests revealed a significant improvement with olanzapine only on the Hooper Visual Organization Test. Conclusions These data suggest that olanzapine has some superior cognitive benefits relative to haloperidol and risperidone. A larger sample replication study is necessary to confirm and generalize the observations of this study and begin evaluation of the implications of this change to cerebral function and quality of life for people with schizophrenia.

Cellular and subcellular distribution of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor in the central nervous system of adult rat.

Abstract: Light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal domain of the human protein was used to determine the cellular and subcellular localization of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the central nervous system of adult rat Following immunoperoxidase or silver-intensified immunogold labeling, neuronal, somatodendritic, and/or axonal immunoreactivity was detected in numerous brain regions, including all those in which ligand binding sites and 5-HT2A mRNA had previously been reported The distribution of 5-HT2A-immunolabeled soma/dendrites was characterized in cerebral cortex, olfactory system, septum, hippocampal formation, basal ganglia, amygdala, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord Labeled axons were visible in every myelinated tract known to arise from immunoreactive cell body groups In immunopositive soma/dendrites as well as axons, the 5-HT2A receptor appeared mainly cytoplasmic rather than membrane bound Even though the dendritic labeling was generally stronger than the somatic, it did not extend to dendritic spines in such regions as the cerebral and piriform cortex, the neostriatum, or the molecular layer of the cerebellum Similarly, there were no labeled axon terminals in numerous regions known to be strongly innervated by the immunoreactive somata and their axons (eg, molecular layer of piriform cortex) It was concluded that the 5-HT2A receptor is mostly intracellular and transported in dendrites and axons, but does not reach into dendritic spines or axon terminals Because it has previously been shown that this serotonin receptor is transported retrogradely as well as anterogradely, activates intracellular transduction pathways and intervenes in the regulation of the expression of many genes, it is suggested that one of its main functions is to participate in retrograde signaling systems activated by serotonin J Comp Neurol 409:187–209, 1999 © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Sex differences in Alzheimer disease — the gateway to precision medicine

Abstract: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by wide heterogeneity in cognitive and behavioural syndromes, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Addressing this phenotypic variation will be crucial for the development of precise and effective therapeutics in AD. Sex-related differences in neural anatomy and function are starting to emerge, and sex might constitute an important factor for AD patient stratification and personalized treatment. Although the effects of sex on AD epidemiology are currently the subject of intense investigation, the notion of sex-specific clinicopathological AD phenotypes is largely unexplored. In this Review, we critically discuss the evidence for sex-related differences in AD symptomatology, progression, biomarkers, risk factor profiles and treatment. The cumulative evidence reviewed indicates sex-specific patterns of disease manifestation as well as sex differences in the rates of cognitive decline and brain atrophy, suggesting that sex is a crucial variable in disease heterogeneity. We discuss critical challenges and knowledge gaps in our current understanding. Elucidating sex differences in disease phenotypes will be instrumental in the development of a 'precision medicine' approach in AD, encompassing individual, multimodal, biomarker-driven and sex-sensitive strategies for prevention, detection, drug development and treatment.

Normal ecg standards for infants and children

Abstract: Normal ECG values were determined using computer-assisted measurement of the ECGs of 2,141 white children aged 0 to 16 years divided into 12 age groups.