Showing papers by "Université du Québec à Montréal published in 1979"
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TL;DR: The authors found that the degree of generality in children's altruistic behavior depended strongly on whether such activity was directed toward peers or teachers, and on whether the peer was a friend.
53 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the low excitation energy of rhodopsin can be obtained without actual protonation of the Schiff-base prior to photon absorption.
Abstract: —
Model studies including quantum chemical calculations and the measurement of infrared and ultraviolet spectra are presented as contributions to the elucidation of the nature of the photochemical step of vision. The importance of the hydrogen bond in which the protonated nitrogen of the retinal Schiff base is involved is stressed as well as that of the perturbation of the β-ionone ring by negative groups. It is suggested that by combining these two perturbations the low excitation energy of rhodopsin can be obtained without actual protonation of the Schiff-base prior to photon absorption. The variation of rhodopsin's color from one species to another could also be related to this. Protonation could be a consequence of photonabsorption and the higher basicity of the excited state. This, in turn, leads to the suggestion that the protonated species is actually bathorhodopsin, not rhodopsin. Comments are made on the identity of the (ππ*) state which is involved.
47 citations
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TL;DR: Sociographic representation of social preference and social contacts indicated that social organization in both groups closely paralleled that reported for feral and semiferal Saimiri.
Abstract: 1.
Descriptions of primate group structure emphasize both dispersive and cohesive activities as primary aspects of social organization. Among captive squirrel monkeys, laboratory studies of dominance relations are relatively abundant. However, a comprehensive behavioral analysis of Saimiri cohesive relations has not been completed. The present investigation provides such an analysis by focusing upon play, sexual, and affiliative activities in stable Saimiri groups.
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Social interactions were observed among two captive groups containing three males and five females. Daily observations during a four-week period were conducted to examine dyadic patterns of social interaction. Three intercorrelated clusters of cohesive behavior were identified. These clusters were used to provide converging indices of play, sexual, and affiliative bonds.
3.
Sociographic representation of social preference and social contacts indicated that social organization in both groups closely paralleled that reported for feral and semiferal Saimiri. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for assessing primate social bonds, as well as developmental changes in social cohesion as members of a social unit mature.
40 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that conjugated Schiff bases have C=N stretching frequencies similar to those of the respective free bases, and that the frequency of this vibration can provide proof for the protonation of the retinylidene Schiff base occurring in visual pigments.
Abstract: — Picrates of conjugated Schiff bases have C=N stretching frequencies similar to those of the respective free bases. This raises the question if the frequency of this vibration can provide proof for the protonation of the retinylidene Schiff base occurring in visual pigments.
35 citations
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TL;DR: The conclusion is reached that this folk illness cannot be conceived of as a syndrome in the medical sense and can be better described as an indigenous theory whose function is to relate illness events to other levels of reality.
Abstract: Espanto or susto has been analysed from various points of view in the last fifteen years. From a survey covering 109 case analyses collected in Nicolas Ruiz (Chiapas, Mexico), we reached the conclusion that this folk illness cannot be conceived of as a syndrome in the medical sense. A semiological analysis showed that espanto can be better described as an indigenous theory whose function is to relate illness events to other levels of reality. According to indigenous belief, the Holy Earth and the chtonian spirits of the underworld play an important role in the origin of the illness. This origin is associated with an opening of the earth as is illustrated in the earthquakes or the volcanic eruptions forming the prototype of a fright experience leading to espanto; or, it is attributed to agents who inhabit locations where the earth presents a fissure (river, ravine, cave). It is through these holes that the Holy Earth exerts her power. Concomitantly, the body of the victim is believed to open itself to the influences of the bad winds of espanto. Trembling is another aspect of the phenomenon which is observed at numerous levels: first, during the fright experience; second, when the victim falls ill (chills jumping in bed); and third, when the curandera takes the pulse of the patient to see if the blood is afraid. These multiple analogies lead to the assumption that there is a meaning shared by these separate manifestations.
28 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a serie d'experiences a confirme que le contenu en o -phosphate pouvait etre presere de facon sure pendant au moins deux sernaines par un entreposage a 4°C in presence of chloroforme (5 ml/l).
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, Renyia ete obtenue formellement, a partir d'une suite de proprietes mathematiques a prioriqu'il semble souhaitable que toute mesure d'information possede, mais il ne semble pas pour autant que le probleme de sa signification concrete soit completement elucidee.
Abstract: L’entropie dite de Renyia ete obtenue formellement, a partir d’une suite de proprietes mathematiques a prioriqu’il semble souhaitable que toute mesure d’information possede, mais il ne semble pas pour autant que le probleme de sa signification physique concrete soit completement elucidee.
8 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a relativistic fuzzy set theory, which is based on the theory of the triplet (S,I, R) in which the information is quantitatively defined by its syntax and its semantics, mutually dependent, and both depending upon the observer.
Abstract: L’auteur a propose, recemment, un nouveau modele a’information, dite information relativiste, qui est essentiellement une theorie du triplet (S,I, R)ou Sdesigne un systeme qui est observe par l’experimentateur R,tandis que I represente l’information miss en jeu dans ce processus d’observation. La theorie, ainsi obtenue, est relativiste en ce que l’information est quantitativement decrite par sa syntaxe et sa semantique, duales l’une de l’autre, et variables avec le referentiel de l’observateur. Apres un rappel sur cette information relativiste et sur le modele de systeme general d’ou elle decoule, l’article montre comment ses equations de definition redonnent l’information de Shannon comme cas particulier, sous des hypotheses qui sont tout a fait implicites dans cellesci, quoique pas toujours clairement enoncees, ce qui est illustre sur un exemple simple. Ensuite, il montre que le modele permet une construction physique simple de l’entropie de Renyi, d’ou une nouvelle signification pour celleci, et par la meme, de nouvelles perspectives d’utilisation. En derniere application, l’auteur obtient une nouvelle theorie des ensembles flous relativistes, qui introduit explicitement les facteurs subjectifs d’observation dus a l’observateur luimeme: l’ensemble n’est plus defini par une signature, mais par une fonction de flou, avec des lois bien precises pour passer d’un observateur a l’autre. Le concept de variable floue relativiste est obtenu, d’ou un nouveau calcul du flou qui pourrait avoir un developpement analogue a celui du calcul des probabilites. The author recently proposed a new concept for information, the socalled relativistic information, which is basically a theory of the triplet (S,I, R)in which Sdenotes a system which is observed by the observer R,while Iis the information which is so involved by the observation process. The theory so obtained is relativistic in the way that the information is quantitatively defined by its syntax and its semantics, mutually dependent, and both depending upon the observer. After a brief background on this relativistic information and on the general system theory from where it is derived, the paper shows how it provides the Shannon information as special case under specific assumptions which are implicite in this latter although they are not always clearly mentionned, as shown with a simple example. Then, it gives a physical derivation for the Renyi entropy, therefore a new interesting meaning to it and, by this way, new prospects for its use. As a last application, the author get a new relativistic fuzzy set theory which explicitely involves the point of view of the observer: a relativistic fuzzy set is not defined by a membership function, but is so by a relativistic fuzziness function with explicite composition laws regarding the observers. The concept for relativistic fuzzy variable is exhibited therefore a new fuzziness calculus which can be expanded in a way similar to that of the probability calculus.
8 citations
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7 citations
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TL;DR: This article showed that a loss of function by a language may entail loss of a particular linguistic distinction, and used data from the bilingual community of Cuzco, Peru to illustrate an aspect of the adaptive property of languages.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate an aspect of the adaptive property of languages. While scholars have shown that expansion in function is correlated with expansion of the linguistic structure, I show that a loss of function by a language may entail a loss of a particular linguistic distinction. The data used to illustrate this point are drawn from the bilingual community of Cuzco, Peru. (Language contact, the adaptive property of languages, linguistic variation, linguistic change.)
7 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the synthetic storm technique to generate profiles of rain rate vs distance, and showed that the spatial structure of rain has a weaker dependence on climatic type than the point-rain rate distribution itself.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the techniques used by Fisher in deriving and handling his fiducial probability distribution are valid when dealing with a structured distribution, which is a family of random vectors defined on a probability space with values in a sample space.
Abstract: A structured model is essentially a family of random vectors Xθ defined on a probability space with values in a sample space. If, for a given sample value x and for each ω in the probability space, there is at most one parameter value θ for which Xθ(ω) is equal to x, then the model is called additive at x. When a certain conditional distribution exists, a frequency interpretation specific to additive structured models holds, and is summarized in a unique structured distribution for the parameter. Many of the techniques used by Fisher in deriving and handling his fiducial probability distribution are shown to be valid when dealing with a structured distribution.
Un modele structure est essentiellement une famille de vecteurs Xθ definis dans un espace de probabilite et a valeurs dans un espace d'echantillons. Si, pour un echantillon x donne et pour chaque ω dans l'espace de probabilite, il existe au plus une valcur θ du parametre pour laquelle Xθω est egal a x, alors le modele est dit additif en x. Si, de plus, une certaine distribution conditionnelle existe, alors une interpretation en termes de frequence, laquelle est specifique aux modeles structures additifs, est possible et donne lieu a une unique distribution structuree. On montre aussi que plusieurs techniques utilisees par Fisher dans l'etablissement et la manipulation de ses probabilites fiduciarires sont valides lorsque appliquees a une distribution structuree.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a structured distribution as an extension of a probability measure closely related to structured probability statements, and show that this difference is an advantage when some estimating sets are empty or consist of the whole parameter space.
Abstract: Structured probability statements are defined in an additive and reduced structured model. Under weak assumptions, an estimating set in a structured probability statement is a confidence region, but the corresponding structured probability may differ from the confidence coefficient. Elementary examples are given to show that this difference is an advantage when some estimating sets are empty or consist of the whole parameter space. A structured distribution (Plante 1979) is an extension of a probability measure closely related to structured probability statements.
Des enonces de probabilite structuree peuvent etre definis lorsqu'on a un modele structure abbitif et reduit. Sous de faibles hypotheses additionnelles, on montre qu'un ensemble estimant associe a un enonce de probabilite structuree est un ensemble de confiance; toutefois, la probabilitee structuree correspondante peut differer du niveau de confiance. Des exemples elementaires sont cites afin de montrer que cette difference est un avantage lorsqu'll existe un ensemble estimant quiest videou consiste de tout l'espace parametriqie. Une distribution structure Plante 1979 est l'extensin d'une mesure de probabilitee associee de pres aux enonces de probabilite structuree.
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01 Jan 1979••
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TL;DR: The author investigates the hyperstability problem for a broad class of single-control stochastic systems which may be considered as disturbed models of given deterministic systems, and gives conditions for average hyperst stability.
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01 Jan 1979••
01 Jan 1979••