Showing papers by "University at Buffalo published in 1983"
TL;DR: A computer program is described for examination of areas (AUC) and moments of serum concentration vs time data using the Lagrange technique alone or in conjunction with linear or log-trapezoidal methods.
422 citations
TL;DR: A natural ωpLω+1 hierarchy of successively more general criteria of success for inductive inference machines is described based on the size of sets of anomalies in programs synthesized by such machines.
418 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four basic negotiating strategies along with the outcomes they encourage and the determinants of their use are analyzed along with guidelines for influencing the strategic choice of one's bargaining partners with an emphasis on techniques for encouraging one's adversaries to move away from contentious behavior and toward problem solving.
Abstract: Four basic negotiating strategies are analyzed along with the outcomes they encourage and the determinants of their use. Guidelines for influencing the strategic choice of one's bargaining partners are also presented with an emphasis on techniques for encouraging one's adversaries to move away from contentious behavior and toward problem solving.
407 citations
TL;DR: This paper develops a method for interactive multiple objective linear programming assuming an unknown pseudo concave utility function satisfying certain general properties and presents the supporting theory and algorithm.
Abstract: This paper develops a method for interactive multiple objective linear programming assuming an unknown pseudo concave utility function satisfying certain general properties. The method is an extension of our earlier method published in this journal Zionts, S., Wallenius, J. 1976. An interactive programming method for solving the multiple criteria problem. Management Sci.22 6 652-663.. Various technical problems present in predecessor versions have been resolved. In addition to presenting the supporting theory and algorithm, we discuss certain options in implementation and summarize our practical experience with several versions of the method.
351 citations
TL;DR: The present study indicates that A. actinomycetemcomitans is an important etiologic agent in localized juvenile periodontitis and suggests that systemic tetracycline therapy of localized juvenileperiodontitis should, as a practical rule, be continued for 3 weeks.
Abstract: Since recent studies have implicated Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis, this investigation determined the effectiveness of subgingival debridement, topical Betadine Solution, and systemic tetracycline in suppressing subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans and other microorganisms. A total of 20 deep periodontal pockets and 10 normal periodontal sites of 6 localized juvenile periodontitis patients was included in the study. Each patient was treated in 3 stages over a period of 22 weeks, and the result of treatment was monitored for an additional 38 weeks. The first stage of treatment included plaque control, as well as thorough scaling and root planing, composed of at least 6 h of debridement. No concomitant periodontal surgery was performed. In the second stage, Betadine saturated cotton gauze was inserted into the periodontal pockets for 10 min. Stage 3 involved systemic tetracycline therapy (1 g/day) for 14 days. The subgingival microflora was determined at frequent intervals by selective culturing of A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga and by direct microscopic examination. The clinical effect was assessed by measuring changes in probing periodontal attachment level, probing periodontal pocket depth, radiographic alveolar bone mass, and other relevant clinical parameters. Scaling and root planing reduced the total subgingival bacterial counts and the proportions of certain Gram-negative bacteria, but no periodontal pocket became free of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Betadine application had little or no effect on the subgingival microflora. In contrast, tetracycline administered via the systemic route suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga, and spirochetes to low or undetectable levels in all test periodontal pockets. A. actinomycetemcomitans reappeared in 9 of the deep periodontal pockets after the administration of tetracycline. Most of these 9 pockets became free of detectable A. actinomycetemcomitans during the second week of tetracycline administration, whereas pockets which yielded no A. actinomycetemcomitans after tetracycline therapy became free of the organisms during the first week of tetracycline treatment. This data suggests that systemic tetracycline therapy of localized juvenile periodontitis should, as a practical rule, be continued for 3 weeks. Periodontal destruction continued in 4 deep pockets which all showed high posttetracycline A. actinomycetemcomitans counts. All 6 pockets which demonstrated a marked gain in periodontal attachment yielded no cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans. No association was found between periodontal disease status and subgingival Capnocytophaga, spirochetes or motile rods. The present study indicates that A. actinomycetemcomitans is an important etiologic agent in localized juvenile periodontitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
351 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of 260 patients from Buffalo with cancer of the prostate gland was made with two different control series of similar size and age distribution, regardless of the control group, risk of prostate cancer gained with increases in ingestion of retinoids, animal fats, and vitamin C.
Abstract: In vivo, in vitro, prospective, and retrospective epidemiologic inquiries have suggested that retinoids inhibit cancer, and fats have been hypothesized to enhance and ascorbic acid to reduce cancer risk. Comparison of 260 patients from Buffalo with cancer of the prostate gland was made with two different control series of similar size and age distribution. Regardless of the control group, risk of prostate cancer gained with increases in ingestion of retinoids, animal fats, and vitamin C. These anomalous findings may be due to peculiarities in methodology. From the possible specificity of effect of the nutrients studied, as shown in experimental animals and in vitro, a hypothesis could be made that a substance like vitamin A or C, which may inhibit certain cancers, also may enhance risk of other cancer types or have neither effect.
263 citations
TL;DR: The first findings on IgA class antibody reacting with endomysium IgA-EmA of smooth muscle, particularly of monkey esophagus are set forth, which are found in a significant proportion of patients with DH, coeliac disease and other gut diseases but not in cases of LABD.
Abstract: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a vesicular skin disorder with characteristic histologic features (PMNs, microabscesses in dermal papillae adjacent to the vesicles) and disease-specific immunopathological findings (granular or fibrillar IgA deposits most commonly found in dermal papillae) usually associated with gluten-sensitive enter~pathy.~.’.’ Cases with linear IgA deposits in the basement membrane zone (BMZ) have been referred to by various names: “DH with linear IgA deposit^,\"^,' “lgA bullous pemphigoid,”’O or “polymorphic variant of bullous pemphigoid.”’ It is becoming increasingly evident that this disease is a distinct We refer to it here as “linear IgA bullous dermatosis” or LABD. Detailed reviews appear elsew Two types of antibodies have been detected in sera of DH patients, notably anti-reticulin antibodies (ARA) with reported frequencies of 5-1 8% and anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in about 40% of the cases. However, these antibodies occur predominantly in coeliac disease and are chiefly of IgG class: ARA have been reported in 38% of adults and in 59% of children; AGA in 40% of adults’ and over 90% of ~hi1dren.I~ Both types of antibodies are occasionally detected in diseases other than with gluten-sensitive enteropathy.” This report sets forth the first findings on IgA class antibody reacting with endomysium IgA-EmA of smooth muscle, particularly of monkey esophagus. We have found these IgA-EmA in a significant proportion of patients with DH, coeliac disease, and other gut diseases but not in cases of LABD. We have also shown that both IgA-EmA and IgG-AGA can be detected on monkey esophagus in the same serum sample by the indirect IF test.
230 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the δ 180 variations in the Greenland ice cores with those in European lake carbonate exhibits strong similarities and provides time marks for the Late-Glacial section of the ice cores.
Abstract: Ice cores contain information on climatic variations and their causes. Recent results obtained on the new deep ice core drilled in 1981 at Dye 3, South Greenland, in the frame of the US-Danish-Swiss Greenland Ice Sheet Program are:
Comparison of the δ 180 variations in the Greenland ice cores with those in European lake carbonate exhibits strong similarities and provides time marks (13,000, 11,000, 10,000 B.P.) for the Late-Glacial section of the ice cores;
CO2 concentration measurements in the occluded air indicate low (180–200 ppm) CO2 concentrations 30,000 to 15,000 B.P. and an increase to ca. 300 ppm around 13,000 B.P.,. The CO2 increase might reflect a change in the ocean circulation at the end of the last glaciation and could have contributed to the establishment of the Holocene environmental conditions;
10Be concentration measurements on samples covering the last 50,000 yaers show a correlation with δ 180, low δ 180 values corresponding to high 10Be concentrations (atoms per g of ice). Probably this mainly reflects changes in the rate of precipitation in the northern hemisphere.
215 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that aggressive treatment of children with brain tumors may improve survivals but may be associated with significant long‐term disabilities.
Abstract: This retrospective pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the late effects of treatment on intelligence in a population of children with posterior fossa tumors. Ten children with posterior fossa tumors treated with radiation and chemotherapy received intellectual evaluations at least one year following diagnosis. Six children had medulloblastomas, one child had a fourth ventricular ependymoma, two children had brainstem gliomas, and one child had a recurrent cerebellar astrocytoma. Children with supratentorial tumors were specifically excluded from the study in order to eliminate the possible influence of the tumor on intellectual functioning. Four children had had intelligence testing in school prior to treatment of their tumor. In each case results following treatment revealed a deterioration of full scale IQ of at least 25 points. Six children did not have prior testing; of these, two had IQ's less than 20. Overall, 50% of the patients had IQ's of less than 80 and 20% had IQ's of greater than 100. Furthermore, four children with normal intelligence (IQ greater than 80) have learning problems requiring special classes. Thus, of the ten children evaluated, all have either dementia, learning disabilities, or evidence of intellectual retardation. This study suggests that aggressive treatment of children with brain tumors may improve survivals but may be associated with significant long-term disabilities.
211 citations
TL;DR: Thirty-nine new temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus have been isolated, expanding a previously reported collection of mutants to a total of 65 and assigned to 32 complementation groups, based primarily on a qualitative spot test described previously.
210 citations
TL;DR: The results show that the CES-D is a valid measure in that it sensitively discriminates between depressed patients and normals and presents satisfactory correlations with the observer rating scale (HRSD) in both groups.
Abstract: Although several self-rating scales for depression have been proposed in the past two decades, very few have been validated on non-English-speaking populations. The present study was carried out in northern Italy in order to examine the validity of the CES-D self-rating scale for depression in another language and culture. The scale was used with 40 depressives and 40 normals who were matched. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was used as an additional test of concurrent validity. The results show that the CES-D is a valid measure in that it sensitively discriminates between depressed patients and normals and presents satisfactory correlations with the observer rating scale (HRSD) in both groups. The scale in its Italian translation is likely to be helpful in the assessment of depression of Italian immigrants in North America and Australia, especially in those whose English is poor.
TL;DR: Several antibiotics were found to adsorb to saliva-coated enamel and to inhibit in vitro plaque formation by pure cultures of oral bacteria: Actinomyces viscosus, Act inomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans.
Abstract: Several antibiotics were found to adsorb to saliva-coated enamel and to inhibit in vitro plaque formation by pure cultures of oral bacteria: Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans. Tetracycline, minocycline and oxytetracycline adsorbed to the greatest degree, showing 100-fold higher adsorption than spiramycin, the test antibiotic with least adsorption. Inhibition of in vitro plaque formation was found to require both drug substantivity (capacity for adsorption) and antimicrobial activity. Inhibition of plaque formation in the in vitro assay employed correlated well with clinical efficacy.
TL;DR: Eight subtypes were identified based on the differences in molecular weights of the two principal outer-membrane proteins of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae and the lower molecular-weight protein of those two major proteins was heat modifiable.
Abstract: Outer-membrane proteins from 48 isolates of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae from adults and children were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the biotypes were determined. Each strain had two principal outer-membrane proteins in the 32,000-42,000 molecular-weight range. Eight subtypes were identified based on the differences in molecular weights of the two principal outer-membrane proteins. The lower molecular-weight protein of those two major proteins was heat modifiable. There was no definite relationship between subtype and biotype. Future studies on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of infections due to nontypable H. influenzae must take into account the differences in outer-membrane proteins among various strains. A subtyping system based on major outer-membrane proteins may provide a basis for such studies.
01 Dec 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the slip velocity measured experimentally in flow through capillaries of sufficiently small diameters, with solid surfaces made repellent to the liquid, is examined, and an answer to the question whether the slip occurs directly on the surface of the solid or there exists a gap between the solid and liquid surfaces is sought.
Abstract: The slip velocity measured experimentally in flow through capillaries of sufficiently small diameters, with solid surfaces made repellent to the liquid, is examined. An answer to the question that whether the slip occurs directly on the surface of the solid or there exists a gap between the solid and liquid surfaces is sought. The slip velocity, when the molecules move directly on the solid surface, can be obtained as the product of the gradient of the chemical potential and the mobility coefficient. However, comparison with experiment provides values too high for the surface diffusion coefficient. This suggests that slip does not occur directly over the solid surface but over a gap. Such a gap is generated when the liquid and the solid have different natures (one of them hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic), and may be increased in thickness by the release of the gas entrained in the flowing liquid and/or the desorption of the soluble gas.
TL;DR: It is indicated that professional and personal subgingival application of a mixture of H2O2-NaCl and NaHCo3 will significantly enhance the microbiological and clinical effects of periodontal scaling and root planing.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the microbiological and clinical effects of a subgingivally applied mixture of H2O2-NaCl and NaHCO3 followed by subgingival irrigation with 1% Betadine in the treatment of periodontal disease. 20 adults with moderate to severe periodontal disease were included in a split mouth design study. All patients were given oral hygiene instruction and were subjected to supragingival scaling in all 4 quadrants, and subgingival scaling and root planing of half the dentition. 10 patients were instructed to use the chemical antimicrobial mixture twice a day instead of dentifrice, and also received professional application of the mixture once every 14 days for 3 months in connection with reinstruction in oral hygiene procedures. The remaining 10 patients received oral hygiene instructions combined with professional tooth cleaning without use of chemicals once every 14 days during a 3-month period. The effect of treatment was evaluated by monitoring the subgingival microflora, clinical periodontal parameters, and by computer assisted subtraction analysis of serial standardized radiographs to determine changes in mass of the supporting alveolar bone. The present study revealed that subgingival debridement combined with mechanical plaque control resulted in decreased numbers of subgingival microorganisms including spirochetes and motile rods, and arrested the progressive breakdown of the periodontal tissues. Topical antimicrobial agents used in combination with subgingival scaling further reduced the subgingival microflora and substantially improved early periodontal healing including gain of probing attachment level and gain in radiographic alveolar bone mass during the 12 months of observation. No clinical improvement but a tendency to further periodontal breakdown was found in the unscaled quadrants, even in those which were subjected to a personal application of the topical antimicrobial mixture. This study indicates that professional and personal subgingival application of a mixture of H2O2-NaCl and NaHCo3 will significantly enhance the microbiological and clinical effects of periodontal scaling and root planing. These agents, and the topical mode of antimicrobial therapy seem promising in the management of human periodontal diseases.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the current clinical implications and address continuing uncertainties meriting further attention, and provide a greatly improved understanding of the relation between the arteriographic degree of stenosis and perfusion limitation.
TL;DR: P purified LPS from Bacteroides gingivalis exhibits high potency in its ability to stimulate 45Ca release from prelabeled fetal rat bones and to inhibit Ca influx into osteoclast-like cells.
Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been purified from Bacteroides gingivalis. The purity of this LPS is evidenced on ultracentrifugation, immunoelectrophoresis, and chemical analyses. On comparison with LPS from aerobic enteric organisms, LPS from Bacteroides gingivalis exhibits minimal potency when tested for pyrogenicity in rabbits and mitogenicity in mouse spleen cells. On the other hand, purified LPS from Bacteroides gingivalis exhibits high potency in its ability to stimulate 45Ca release from prelabeled fetal rat bones and to inhibit Ca influx into osteoclast-like cells.
TL;DR: A tree data structure for representing multidimensional digital binary images and an algorithm for constructing the tree of a d-dimensional binary image from the trees of its (d - 1 )-dimensional cross sections are given.
Abstract: A tree data structure for representing multidimensional digital binary images is described. The method is based on recursive subdivision of the d-dimensional space into 2d hyperoctants. An algorithm for constructing the tree of a d-dimensional binary image from the trees of its (d - 1 )-dimensional cross sections is given. The computational advantages of the data structure and the algorithm are demonstrated both theoretically and in application to a three-dimensional reconstruction of a human brain.
TL;DR: Ouabain binding studies show that the inhibition of cholesterol content is not due to a loss of enzyme from the membrane, and the most likely mechanism of inhibition is suggested to comprise direct cholesterol-protein interactions which lead to a low activity conformation.
TL;DR: Shear strength values were found to positively correlate with approximate toughness values and the clinical impression that endodontically treated teeth are weaker and more brittle than vital teeth has been quantitated.
TL;DR: Computer simulations suggest that simple changes in QH alone cannot account for the increase in apparent oral bioavailability when propranolol is taken with food.
Abstract: It has been suggested that alteration in the apparent oral bioavailability of propranolol taken with food may be due to a transient increase in QH To investigate this hypothesis more closely, the time course of effect of a high-protein meal on QH was examined with the model compound ICG Forty minutes postprandial, the mean increase in estimated QH was 69% above the control QH was still elevated a mean of 36% at 100 min but by 280 min had decreased to a value that did not differ from control Computer simulations were performed to predict the magnitude of change in the apparent oral bioavailability of propranolol that would be expected based on the observed QH changes These simulations suggest that simple changes in QH alone cannot account for the increase in apparent oral bioavailability when propranolol is taken with food
TL;DR: The prevalence of the major clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction in the population expected to be seen in a general dental practice is not high and, furthermore, that their occurrence in the absence of pain does not necessarily indicate a need for treatment.
Abstract: The fact that a large percentage of patients have palpable TMJ irregularities raises important, yet unanswered, questions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dimensionally regularized two-loop Feynman diagrams were used to contribute to the electromagnetic form factor of an on-shell quark in massless quantum chromodynamics.
Abstract: Analytic results are presented for the dimensionally regularized two-loop Feynman diagrams which contribute to the electromagnetic form factor of an on-shell quark in massless quantum chromodynamics.
TL;DR: Six conventional solutions to the boundary value problem are criticized, and three alternate statistical solutions are proposed.
Abstract: The primary objective of this paper is to investigate procedures for detecting and handling existing border biasing in spatial statistical analysis. Six conventional solutions to the boundary value problem are criticized and three alternate statistical solutions are proposed. (EXCERPT)
TL;DR: Results indicate that the Km membrane‐bound catechol‐O‐methyltransferase may be localized predominantly in neurons, whereas the high‐Km soluble enzyme is found in glial cells.
Abstract: The cellular localization of the two forms of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was investigated by measuring their activities in rat striatum following unilateral stereotaxic injection of kainic acid, which causes degeneration of striatal neurons followed by proliferation of astroglial cells. Membrane-bound COMT activity was decreased in the lesioned striatum, while soluble COMT activity was increased. There was a statistically significant correlation between the ratio of lesioned to control activity for membrane-bond COMT and the neuronal marker enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. Similarly the increase in soluble COMT activity paralleled that of the astroglial marker enzyme, glutamine synthetase. These results indicate that the low-Km membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase may be localized predominantly in neurons, whereas the high-Km soluble enzyme is found in glial cells.
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable index that provides relatively objective judgments of dental-facial attractiveness and to assess for severity of malocclusion by means of the Treatment Priority index.
TL;DR: The developmental pattern of the gastrointestinal tract under optimal conditions is described, where the tissues do not develop simultaneously, and morphologic and functional development are not concurrent, and the effect of suboptimal or even adverse conditions on the developmental sequence and attainment of maturity is considered.
TL;DR: An algorithm for text recognition/correction that effectively merges a bottom-up refinement process that is based on the utilization of transitional probabilities and letter confusion probabilities, known as the Viterbi algorithm [VA], together with a top-down process based on searching a trie structure representation of a lexicon.
Abstract: The capabilities of present commercial machines for producing correct text by recognizing words in print, handwriting and speech are very limited. For example, most optical character recognition [OCR] machines are limited to a few fonts of machine print, or text that is handprinted under certain constraints; any deviation from these constraints will produce highly garbled text. This paper describes an algorithm for text recognition/correction that effectively merges a bottom-up refinement process that is based on the utilization of transitional probabilities and letter confusion probabilities, known as the Viterbi algorithm [VA], together with a top-down process based on searching a trie structure representation of a lexicon. The algorithm is applicable to text containing an arbitrary number of character substitution errors such as that produced by OCR machines.
TL;DR: This method has proven itself valuable for maintaining three-dimensional surgical orientation for the resection of intra-axial neoplasms from neurologically important areas.
Abstract: This report describes an open stereotactic technique by which a tumour volume reconstructed in stereotactic space from CT data is removed by stereotactic CO2 laser vaporization. The position of the laser beam in relation to the tumour outlines is monitored by computer and displayed to the surgeon on a graphics display terminal in the operating room. Twenty-six (26) of these procedures have been performed on twenty-four (24) patients with deep-seated intraaxial neoplasms (23) and arteriovenous malformation (1). Post-operative CT scanning revealed no evidence of contrast enhancing lesions in nineteen (19) patients while a small amount of residual tumour was noted in five (5) patients post-operatively. This method has proven itself valuable for maintaining three-dimensional surgical orientation for the resection of intra-axial neoplasms from neurologically important areas.
TL;DR: In this paper, three boundary element method approaches are compared by solving a typical problem in linear elastodynamics and a detailed tabulation of the computer time and memory requirements of each approach is presented.
Abstract: In this study, three boundary element method approaches are compared by solving a typical problem in linear elastodynamics. The first approach formulates and solves the problem in the real time domain in conjunction with a time-stepping algorithm. The other two approaches formulate and solve the problem in the Laplace and the Fourier transformed domains, which necessitates a numerical inversion of the results to the time domain. The results obtained compare favourably with available analytic solutions. A detailed tabulation of the computer time and memory requirements of each approach is presented.