Institution
University at Buffalo
Education•Buffalo, New York, United States•
About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.
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TL;DR: Brain atrophy accounts for more variance than lesion burden in predicting cognitive impairment in MS, and central atrophy in particular is strongly associated with neuropsychological morbidity.
Abstract: Background Cognition and magnetic resonance imaging correlations are well established in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is unclear whether lesion burden or atrophy accounts for most of the predictive variance. These indices have been directly compared in only a few studies. No such study included measurement of the third ventricle, which was strongly predictive of neuropsychological competence in the early literature. Furthermore, few studies accounted for the influence of age, premorbid intelligence, or depression. Objective To determine if conventional measures of lesion burden or atrophy predict cognitive dysfunction in MS while accounting for age, premorbid intelligence, and depression. Methods We studied 37 patients with MS and 27 controls matched according to demographic variables. Correlations between neuropsychological tests and the following magnetic resonance imaging indices were considered: T1 hypointense lesion volume, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesion volume, third ventricle width, bicaudate ratio, and brain parenchymal fraction. Regression models predicting neuropsychological performance controlled for the effects of age, premorbid intelligence, and depression. We included only those tests discriminating patients with MS from controls. Results In each regression model, third ventricle width was the sole magnetic resonance imaging measure retained. When this variable was removed from consideration, brain parenchymal fraction was retained in all analyses. Conclusions Brain atrophy accounts for more variance than lesion burden in predicting cognitive impairment in MS, and central atrophy in particular is strongly associated with neuropsychological morbidity. This finding may be explained in part by atrophy of the thalamus, a deep gray matter structure that mediates cognitive function via cortical and subcortical pathways. Enthusiasm for the clinical utility of third ventricle width is tempered by modest intraobserver and interobserver reliability.
365 citations
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TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the PmrA‐PmrB and PhoP‐PhoQ genetic regulatory systems may play a role in resistance to colistin, and dosages must be optimized to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity.
Abstract: Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic that was discovered in the late 1940s for the treatment of gram-negative infections. After several years of clinical use, its popularity diminished because of reports of significant nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Recently, the antibiotic has resurfaced as a last-line treatment option for multidrug-resistant organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The need for antibiotics with coverage of these gram-negative pathogens is critical because of their high morbidity and mortality, making colistin a very important treatment option. Unfortunately, however, resistance to colistin has been documented among all three of these organisms in case reports. Although the exact mechanism causing colistin resistance has not been defined, it is hypothesized that the PmrA-PmrB and PhoP-PhoQ genetic regulatory systems may play a role. Colistin dosages must be optimized, as colistin is a last-line treatment option; in addition, suboptimal doses have been linked to the development of resistance. The lack of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and no universal harmonization of dose units, however, have made it difficult to derive optimal dosing regimens and specific dosing guidelines for colistin. In critically ill patients who may have multiorgan failure, renal insufficiency may alter colistin pharmacokinetics. Therefore, dosage alterations in this patient population are imperative to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity. With regard to colistin toxicity, most studies show that nephrotoxicity is reversible and less frequent than once thought, and neurotoxicity is rare. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact that the two regulatory systems have on resistance, as well as the dosages of colistin needed to inhibit and overcome these developing patterns.
365 citations
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TL;DR: Patients with IJP have significantly decreased PMNL function compared with healthy control subjects, but monocyte function remains unaffected in IJP, and reduced PMNL functions may contribute to the unusual susceptibility of patients to IJP.
Abstract: HUMAN periodontal diseases are the major cause of adult tooth loss. One such disease, localised idiopathic juvenile periodontitis (IJP) affects young people and is unusually severe, with a rapid progression. Previous studies have shed little light on the unusual susceptibility of some patients to this rare condition. Similarly, destructive periodontal syndromes have been described in patients with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) dysfunction. We have measured two parameters of neutrophil function, chemotaxis and phagocytosis, and found that patients with IJP have significantly decreased PMNL function compared with healthy control subjects, but monocyte function remains unaffected in IJP. Reduced PMNL functions may contribute to the unusual susceptibility of patients to IJP.
364 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived two hypotheses about the relationships among work and non-work conflict from survey data from a national probability sample of United States workers (n = 823) and showed that the direct paths between work-nonwork conflict and global life satisfaction were nonsignificant.
Abstract: From additive models of overall quality of life, two hypotheses were derived about the relationships among work—family conflict, work—leisure conflict, job satisfaction, family satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and global life satisfaction. In supporting these two hypotheses, path analyses of survey data from a national probability sample of United States workers (n = 823) showed: (1) the direct paths between work—nonwork conflict and global life satisfaction were nonsignificant; and (2) the indirect paths between work—nonwork conflict and global life satisfaction, which are mediated by job satisfaction and nonwork satisfaction, were all significant. Further analyses indicated that, in general, the magnitude of these path coefficients was not significantly moderated by sociodemographic variables. Discussion considered the role of additive models as conceptual frameworks for studies concerned with the effects of work experiences on the overall quality of life.
364 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the relation between adult attachment styles, perceived social support and the use of various coping strategies was examined in a sample of young adults (N = 81) and participants completed measures of adult attachment style, perceived support from friends and family, and a modified version of the Ways of Coping scale, and rated the coping strategies they would most likely use in response to a series of hypothetical vignettes describing social and achievement related stressors.
Abstract: The relations between adult attachment styles, perceived social support and the use of various coping strategies was examined in a sample of young adults (N = 81). Participants completed measures of adult attachment style, perceived social support from friends and family, and a modified version of the Ways of Coping scale. In addition, participants rated the coping strategies they would most likely use in response to a series of hypothetical vignettes describing social- and achievement-related stressors. Results indicated that secure individuals perceived more available support from friends and family, and sought more social support in response to stress. Although preoccupied adults also sought social support in response to stress, they also tended to use escape/avoidance strategies. Dismissing and fearful individuals were much less likely to seek social support, and were more likely to distance themselves in some contexts. Finally, regression analyses indicated that the link between secure attachment and...
364 citations
Authors
Showing all 34002 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Donald G. Truhlar | 165 | 1518 | 157965 |
Roger A. Nicoll | 165 | 397 | 84121 |
Bruce L. Miller | 163 | 1153 | 115975 |
David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
Suvadeep Bose | 154 | 960 | 129071 |
Ashok Kumar | 151 | 5654 | 164086 |
Philip S. Yu | 148 | 1914 | 107374 |
Hugh A. Sampson | 147 | 816 | 76492 |
Aaron Dominguez | 147 | 1968 | 113224 |
Gregory R Snow | 147 | 1704 | 115677 |
J. S. Keller | 144 | 981 | 98249 |
C. Ronald Kahn | 144 | 525 | 79809 |