Institution
University at Buffalo
Education•Buffalo, New York, United States•
About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Los Alamos National Laboratory1, National Center for Atmospheric Research2, Duke University3, University of Bordeaux4, University of Helsinki5, University at Buffalo6, University of Utah7, University of New Mexico8, University of Arizona9, University of Edinburgh10, Institut national de la recherche agronomique11, Colorado State University12, United States Forest Service13, Oregon State University14, Sonora Institute of Technology15
TL;DR: It is suggested that for some ecosystems, integration of mechanistic pathogen models into current vegetation models, and evaluation against observations, could result in a breakthrough capability to simulate vegetation dynamics.
Abstract: 'Summary' 305
I. 'Background' 305
II. 'Model–experiment approach' 306
III. 'Simulations of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation' 310
IV. 'On thresholds vs duration of stress as drivers of mortality' 311
V. 'Interdependence of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation' 314
VI. 'Next-generation, traditional, and empirical models' 316
VII. 'A path forward' 317
VIII. 'Conclusions' 318
'Acknowledgements' 318
References 318
Summary
Model–data comparisons of plant physiological processes provide an understanding of mechanisms underlying vegetation responses to climate. We simulated the physiology of a pinon pine–juniper woodland (Pinus edulis–Juniperus monosperma) that experienced mortality during a 5 yr precipitation-reduction experiment, allowing a framework with which to examine our knowledge of drought-induced tree mortality. We used six models designed for scales ranging from individual plants to a global level, all containing state-of-the-art representations of the internal hydraulic and carbohydrate dynamics of woody plants. Despite the large range of model structures, tuning, and parameterization employed, all simulations predicted hydraulic failure and carbon starvation processes co-occurring in dying trees of both species, with the time spent with severe hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, rather than absolute thresholds per se, being a better predictor of impending mortality. Model and empirical data suggest that limited carbon and water exchanges at stomatal, phloem, and below-ground interfaces were associated with mortality of both species. The model–data comparison suggests that the introduction of a mechanistic process into physiology-based models provides equal or improved predictive power over traditional process-model or empirical thresholds. Both biophysical and empirical modeling approaches are useful in understanding processes, particularly when the models fail, because they reveal mechanisms that are likely to underlie mortality. We suggest that for some ecosystems, integration of mechanistic pathogen models into current vegetation models, and evaluation against observations, could result in a breakthrough capability to simulate vegetation dynamics.
362 citations
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TL;DR: Activity of Daily Living Index, pulmonary, endocrine and central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities were associated with distinct microbial etiology, and hospital mortality was associated independently with 24-h urine output.
Abstract: The etiology of severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation in the very elderly has been imprecise because of lack of comprehensive studies and low yield of diagnostic approach. Overall, 104 patients 75 yr of age and older with severe pneumonia were studied prospectively at two university-affiliated hospitals. Microbial investigation included blood culture, serology, pleural fluid, and bronchoalveolar secretions. Streptococcus pneumoniae (14%), gram-negative enteric bacilli (14%), Legionella sp. (9%), Hemophilus influenzae (7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7%) were the predominant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Staphylococcus aureus (29%), gram-negative enteric bacilli (15%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) accounted for most isolates of nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). The case fatality rate was 55% (53% for CAP and 57% for NHAP; p > 0.5). Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Index, pulmonary, endocrine and central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities were associated with distinct microbial etiology. By multivariate analysis, hospital mortality was associated independently with 24-h urine output (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 7.9; p < 0.001), septic shock (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9 to 8.9; p = 0.0059), radiographic multilobar involvement (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8 to 15.6; p = 0.02), and inadequate antimicrobial therapy (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 23.9; p = 0.034). Further studies should focus on identifying effective antimicrobial regimens in randomized trials.
362 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conduct a laboratory experiment to consider how ingredient branding affects consumer acceptance of a novel line extension (or one that has not been introduced before) as well as the ability of the brand to leverage that ingredient to introduce future category extensions.
Abstract: A decision of increasing importance is how ingredient attributes that make up a product should be labeled or branded, if at all. The authors conduct a laboratory experiment to consider how ingredient branding affects consumer acceptance of a novel line extension (or one that has not been introduced before) as well as the ability of the brand to leverage that ingredient to introduce future category extensions. The authors study two particular types of novel line extensions or brand expansions: (1) slot-filler expansions, in which the level of one existing product attribute changes (e.g., a scent in Tide detergent that is new to the laundry detergent category) and (2) new attribute expansions, in which an entirely new attribute or characteristic is added to the product (e.g., cough relief liquid added to Life Savers candy). The authors examine two types of ingredient branding strategies by branding the target attribute ingredient for the brand expansion with either a new name as a self-branded ingr...
361 citations
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TL;DR: A three-stage control system that sequentially links anticipatory, error correction, and postural mechanisms to control intersegmental dynamics is indicated, indicating that the nervous system uses sensory information to recalibrate internal representations of the musculoskeletal apparatus itself.
Abstract: Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and positional control mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanisms underlying control of ...
361 citations
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TL;DR: This paper conceptualize and demonstrate an integrated analytical method for using both qualitative and quantitative data through geographic information systems (GIS) and ethnography and uses Knigge's work on community gardens in Buffalo, New York to provide a substantive example of the proposed methods.
Abstract: Our purpose in this paper is to conceptualize and demonstrate an integrated analytical method for using both qualitative and quantitative data through geographic information systems (GIS) and ethnography. We acknowledge that the use of both types of data has been possible in GIS for some time, particularly for representation purposes. However, a recursive integration of different forms of data at the analysis level has been less explored and minimally theorized. Drawing on recent work in critical GIS and feminist perspectives, we suggest that visualization offers a strong technique for this effort but we approach it from the analytical base of grounded theory. Thus, we present an example of how grounded theory and visualization might be used together to construct an integrated analysis strategy that is both iterative and reflexive, both contextual and conceptual. We use Knigge's work on community gardens in Buffalo, New York, to provide a substantive example of the proposed methods.
361 citations
Authors
Showing all 34002 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Donald G. Truhlar | 165 | 1518 | 157965 |
Roger A. Nicoll | 165 | 397 | 84121 |
Bruce L. Miller | 163 | 1153 | 115975 |
David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
Suvadeep Bose | 154 | 960 | 129071 |
Ashok Kumar | 151 | 5654 | 164086 |
Philip S. Yu | 148 | 1914 | 107374 |
Hugh A. Sampson | 147 | 816 | 76492 |
Aaron Dominguez | 147 | 1968 | 113224 |
Gregory R Snow | 147 | 1704 | 115677 |
J. S. Keller | 144 | 981 | 98249 |
C. Ronald Kahn | 144 | 525 | 79809 |