Institution
University at Buffalo
Education•Buffalo, New York, United States•
About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.
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Papers
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TL;DR: Some of the accepted criteria for changes which take place in the normal aging nervous system are reviewed as well as the possible attempts by the nervous system to alter its structure in response to these changes.
Abstract: A recent interest in aging of the nervous system is related to the remarkable increase in the numbers of elderly persons throughout the world. As a reflection of the added years, pathologies in the older person have also increased. Primary among those which affect the activities and behavior of these people are the dementias, especially Alzheimer's Disease. To focus on such problems, however, requires an understanding of the changes which take place in the normal aging nervous system. This paper reviews some of the accepted criteria for these changes as well as the possible attempts by the nervous system to alter its structure in response to these changes.
298 citations
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TL;DR: It is found that perioperative blockade of the CD28 and/or CD40 ligand T cell costimulation pathways induces long-term skin and heart allograft survival in IFn-gamma+/+ recipients but fails to do so in IFN-Gamma-/- mice or in wild-type mice treated with IFN -gamma-neutralizing Ab at the time of transplantation.
Abstract: It is postulated that IFN-gamma production hinders long-term acceptance of transplanted organs. To test this hypothesis, we compared survival of skin and heart allografts in wild-type (IFN-gamma+/+) mice to that in IFN-gamma gene knockout (IFN-gamma-/-) mice. We found that perioperative blockade of the CD28 and/or CD40 ligand T cell costimulation pathways induces long-term skin and heart allograft survival in IFN-gamma+/+ recipients but fails to do so in IFN-gamma-/- mice or in wild-type mice treated with IFN-gamma-neutralizing Ab at the time of transplantation. In vitro studies showed that endogenously produced IFN-gamma down-regulates T cell proliferation and CTL generation in MLCs. These actions of IFN-gamma were not mediated by TNF-alpha production or Fas-Fas ligand interactions. In vivo studies revealed exaggerated expansion and, subsequently, impaired deletion of superantigen-reactive T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma-/- mice injected with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Taken together, our findings indicate that IFN-gamma does not hinder but instead facilitates induction of long-term allograft survival possibly by limiting expansion of activated T cells.
298 citations
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TL;DR: Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde during the peak electrical response showed a reorientation of intramembranous junctional fibrils, suggesting that cyclic AMP reduces the ionic permeability of the paracellular pathway in this epithelium by altering the structure of tight junctions.
Abstract: In ‘leaky‘ epithelia, ions move through both a transcellular and a paracellular (serial alignment of tight junction and intercellular space) path. The efficiency of transepithelial transport could therefore be regulated if the cell was able to alter reversibly the permeability of tight junctions. (These are specialized regions of the apical cell membranes common to all epithelia.) We now report that such a mechanism indeed exists in the Necturus gallbladder. It is effected by cyclic AMP, which is already known to mediate surface membrane phenomena in a variety of cell systems through its interaction with the cytoskeletal system1,2. In gallbladders mounted and perfused with electrolyte solutions in an Ussing-type chamber, exposure of the mucosal surface to cyclic AMP analogues increased transepithelial electrical resistance, potential difference and short-circuit current and decreased NaCl dilution potentials in a rapid and reversible manner. We also observed rapid depolarization of cell membrane electrical potentials and a slow decline in intracellular K+ activity. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of tissues fixed with glutaraldehyde during the peak electrical response showed a reorientation of intramembranous junctional fibrils, suggesting that cyclic AMP reduces the ionic permeability of the paracellular pathway in this epithelium by altering the structure of tight junctions.
298 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique is applied to an ensemble of these realizations to determine optimal representations of the velocity field, in a mean-square sense, in terms of an orthogonality basis.
Abstract: Experimental data are presented from 138 synchronized channels of hot-wire anemometry in an investigation of the large-scale, or coherent, structures in a high Reynolds number fully developed, turbulent axisymmetric shear layer. The dynamics of the structures are obtained from instantaneous realizations of the streamwise velocity field in a single plane, x/D = 3, downstream of a round jet nozzle. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique is applied to an ensemble of these realizations to determine optimal representations of the velocity field, in a mean-square sense, in terms of an orthogonal basis. The coefficients of the orthogonal functions, which describe the temporal evolution of the POD eigenfunctions, are determined by projecting instantaneous realizations of the velocity field onto the basis.Evidence is presented to show that with a partial reconstruction of the velocity field, using only the first radial POD mode, the large-scale structure is objectively educed from the turbulent field. Further, it is shown that only five azimuthal Fourier modes (0,3,4,5,6) are necessary to represent the evolution of the large-scale structure. The results of the velocity reconstruction using the POD provide evidence for azimuthally coherent structures that exist near the potential core. In addition to the azimuthal structures near the potential core, evidence is also found for the presence of counter-rotating, streamwise vortex pairs (or ribs) in the region between successive azimuthally coherent structures as well as coexisting for short periods with them. The large-scale structure cycle, which includes the appearance of the ring structure, the advection of fluid by the ribs in the braid region and their advection toward the outside of the layer by a following ring structure, repeats approximately every one integral time scale. One surprising result was that the most spatially correlated structure in the flow, the coherent ring near the potential core which ejects fluid in the streamwise direction in a volcano-like eruption, is also the one with the shortest time scale.
298 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) for reconstructing objects from their projections (e.g. electron micrographs) are discussed and some generalizations of previously published ART algorithms are given.
298 citations
Authors
Showing all 34002 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Julie E. Buring | 186 | 950 | 132967 |
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Donald G. Truhlar | 165 | 1518 | 157965 |
Roger A. Nicoll | 165 | 397 | 84121 |
Bruce L. Miller | 163 | 1153 | 115975 |
David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
Suvadeep Bose | 154 | 960 | 129071 |
Ashok Kumar | 151 | 5654 | 164086 |
Philip S. Yu | 148 | 1914 | 107374 |
Hugh A. Sampson | 147 | 816 | 76492 |
Aaron Dominguez | 147 | 1968 | 113224 |
Gregory R Snow | 147 | 1704 | 115677 |
J. S. Keller | 144 | 981 | 98249 |
C. Ronald Kahn | 144 | 525 | 79809 |