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Institution

University at Buffalo

EducationBuffalo, New York, United States
About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The theoretical framework, interrater reliability, and preliminary concurrent validity for this new instrument, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), which aims to target 6 different balance control systems so that specific rehabilitation approaches can be designed for different balance deficits are presented.
Abstract: Background: Current clinical balance assessment tools do not aim to help therapists identify the underlying postural control systems responsible for poor functional balance. By identifying the disordered systems underlying balance control, therapists can direct specific types of intervention for different types of balance problems. Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a clinical balance assessment tool that aims to target 6 different balance control systems so that specific rehabilitation approaches can be designed for different balance deficits. This article presents the theoretical framework, interrater reliability, and preliminary concurrent validity for this new instrument, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). Design: The BESTest consists of 36 items, grouped into 6 systems: “Biomechanical Constraints,” “Stability Limits/Verticality,” “Anticipatory Postural Adjustments,” “Postural Responses,” “Sensory Orientation,” and “Stability in Gait.” Methods: In 2 interrater trials, 22 subjects with and without balance disorders, ranging in age from 50 to 88 years, were rated concurrently on the BESTest by 19 therapists, students, and balance researchers. Concurrent validity was measured by correlation between the BESTest and balance confidence, as assessed with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Results: Consistent with our theoretical framework, subjects with different diagnoses scored poorly on different sections of the BESTest. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interrater reliability for the test as a whole was .91, with the 6 section ICCs ranging from .79 to .96. The Kendall coefficient of concordance among raters ranged from .46 to 1.00 for the 36 individual items. Concurrent validity of the correlation between the BESTest and the ABC Scale was r =.636, P <.01. Limitations: Further testing is needed to determine whether: (1) the sections of the BESTest actually detect independent balance deficits, (2) other systems important for balance control should be added, and (3) a shorter version of the test is possible by eliminating redundant or insensitive items. Conclusions: The BESTest is easy to learn to administer, with excellent reliability and very good validity. It is unique in allowing clinicians to determine the type of balance problems to direct specific treatments for their patients. By organizing clinical balance test items already in use, combined with new items not currently available, the BESTest is the most comprehensive clinical balance tool available and warrants further development.

821 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of rites and ceremonials is presented and the implications of cultural studies for research and practice are discussed. But the focus of these typologies often focuses on discrete cultural forms and fails to place phenomena studied within an overarching conception of culture.
Abstract: Studies of organizational culture often focus on discrete cultural forms and fail to place phenomena studied within an overarching conception of culture. Overlap and confusion in terminology occur across studies. To alleviate these problems, this paper offers distinguishing definitions and advocates studying rites and ceremonials, which consolidate multiple cultural forms. The paper also presents, illustrates, and discusses a typology of rites and ceremonials and examines the implications of cultural studies for research and practice.

818 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: Charcoal analysis of lake sediments is used to reconstruct long-term variations in fire occurrence that can complement and extend reconstructions provided by dendrochronological and historical records.
Abstract: Charcoal analysis of lake sediments is used to reconstruct long-term variations in fire occurrence that can complement and extend reconstructions provided by dendrochronological and historical records In the last 15 years, several papers have reviewed the methods for charcoal analysis of lake-sediment cores and its use as a tool for studying fire history (eg, Tolonen, 1986; Patterson et al, 1987; MacDonald et al, 1991; J S Clark, 1988a; J S Clark et al, 1998; Long et al, 1998; Whitlock & Anderson, in review) In most cases, pollen and charcoal data from the same cores are used to examine the linkages among climate, vegetation, fire, and sometimes anthropogenic activities in the past The growing use of charcoal analysis reflects a heightened interest within the paleoecological community to consider fire as an ecosystem process operating on long and short time scales, as well as an increasing need on the part of forest managers to understand prehistoric fire regimes In this chapter, we discuss issues of site selection, chronology, and methodology in charcoal analysis, based on recent advances in the discipline We also review the theoretical and empirical basis for charcoal analysis, including assumptions about the charcoal source area and the processes that transport and deposit charcoal into lakes Fire reconstructions based on lake-sediment records are derived from three primary data sources: particulate charcoal that provides direct evidence of burning; pollen evidence of fluctuations in vegetation that can be tied to disturbance; and lithologic evidence of watershed adjustments to fire, such as erosion or the formation of fire-altered minerals Charcoal analysis quantifies the accumulation of charred particles in sediments during and following a fire event Stratigraphic levels with abundant charcoal (so-called charcoal

818 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Exemestane significantly reduced invasive breast cancers in postmenopausal women who were at moderately increased risk for breast cancer and was associated with no serious toxic effects and only minimal changes in health-related quality of life.
Abstract: Background Tamoxifen and raloxifene have limited patient acceptance for primary prevention of breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors prevent more contralateral breast cancers and cause fewer side effects than tamoxifen in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of exemestane designed to detect a 65% relative reduction in invasive breast cancer, eligible postmenopausal women 35 years of age or older had at least one of the following risk factors: 60 years of age or older; Gail 5-year risk score greater than 1.66% (chances in 100 of invasive breast cancer developing within 5 years); prior atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ; or ductal carcinoma in situ with mastectomy. Toxic effects and health-related and menopause-specific qualities of life were measured. Results A total of 4560 women for whom the median age was 62.5 years and the median Gail risk score was 2.3% were randomly assigned to either exemestane or placebo. At a median follow-up of 35 months, 11 invasive breast cancers were detected in those given exemestane and in 32 of those given placebo, with a 65% relative reduction in the annual incidence of invasive breast cancer (0.19% vs. 0.55%; hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.70; P = 0.002). The annual incidence of invasive plus noninvasive (ductal carcinoma in situ) breast cancers was 0.35% on exemestane and 0.77% on placebo (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.79; P = 0.004). Adverse events occurred in 88% of the exemestane group and 85% of the placebo group (P = 0.003), with no significant differences between the two groups in terms of skeletal fractures, cardiovascular events, other cancers, or treatmentrelated deaths. Minimal quality-of-life differences were observed. Conclusions Exemestane significantly reduced invasive breast cancers in postmenopausal women who were at moderately increased risk for breast cancer. During a median follow-up period of 3 years, exemestane was associated with no serious toxic effects and only minimal changes in health-related quality of life. (Funded by Pfizer and others; NCIC CTG MAP.3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00083174.)

815 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper used the romance of leadership notion to develop a follower-centric perspective on leadership and highlighted some of the assumptions of this approach, contrasting them with those of a more leader-centered perspective.
Abstract: This article uses the romance of leadership notion to develop a follower-centric perspective on leadership. A social constructionist view is highlighted. I clarify some of the assumptions of this approach, contrasting them with those of a more leader-centered perspective. In an effort to increase the testability of this approach, I outline a general model, paving the way for generating individual and group-level hypotheses, and discuss implications for practice and for future leadership research.

812 citations


Authors

Showing all 34002 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Rakesh K. Jain2001467177727
Julie E. Buring186950132967
Anil K. Jain1831016192151
Donald G. Truhlar1651518157965
Roger A. Nicoll16539784121
Bruce L. Miller1631153115975
David R. Holmes1611624114187
Suvadeep Bose154960129071
Ashok Kumar1515654164086
Philip S. Yu1481914107374
Hugh A. Sampson14781676492
Aaron Dominguez1471968113224
Gregory R Snow1471704115677
J. S. Keller14498198249
C. Ronald Kahn14452579809
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202388
2022363
20212,772
20202,695
20192,527
20182,500