University at Buffalo

About: University at Buffalo is a education organization based out in Buffalo, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 33773 authors who have published 63840 publications receiving 2278954 citations. The organization is also known as: UB & State University of New York at Buffalo.

Catalytic Aminohalogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes.

Abstract: Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have attracted a significant amount of attention over the past few years as electrocatalyst support materials. TMCs are interesting because of their similar electronic structures to noble metals near the Fermi level (i.e., WC and Pt), which can promote electron transfer between the catalyst and its support—to enhance the stability of supported Pt nanoparticles as well as enhance its intrinsic activity for select reactions. This perspective article summarizes both theoretical and experimental results for Pt catalysts supported by TMCs for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to explore the interaction mechanism of the catalysts and the carbide supports. The strategies to improve the present carbide supports for HER and ORR are also discussed, which is expected to shed light on future development of TMC electrocatalyst supports.

Dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Abstract: Context: Inconsistent findings from observational studies have continued the controversy over the effects of dietary fiber on colorectal cancer. Objective: To evaluate the association between dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: From 13 prospective cohort studies included in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer, 725 628 men and women were followed up for 6 to 20 years across studies. Study- and sex-specific relative risks (RRs) were estimated with the Cox proportional hazards model and were subsequently pooled using a random-effects model. Main Outcome Measure: Incident colorectal cancer. Results: During 6 to 20 years of follow-up across studies, 8081 colorectal cancer cases were identified. For comparison of the highest vs lowest study- and sex-specific quintile of dietary fiber intake, a significant inverse association was found in the age-adjusted model (pooled RR=0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-0.92). However, the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for other risk factors (pooled multivariate RR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.86-1.03). In categorical analyses compared with dietary fiber intake of 10 to <15 g/d, the pooled multivariate RR was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.05-1.31) for less than 10 g/d (11% of the overall study population); and RR, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.85-1.17) for 30 or more g/d. Fiber intake from cereals, fruits, and vegetables was not associated with risk of colorectal cancer. The pooled multivariate RRs comparing the highest vs lowest study- and sex-specific quintile of dietary fiber intake were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.90-1.11) for colon cancer and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.72-1.01) for rectal cancer (P for common effects by tumor site=.07). Conclusions: In this large pooled analysis, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer in age-adjusted analyses. However, after accounting for other dietary risk factors, high dietary fiber intake was not associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Leadership and levels of analysis: A state-of-the-science review

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive, qualitative, narrative review of the leadership literature with an explicit focus on levels-of-analysis issues. Focusing on conceptual and empirical publications (books, book chapters, and journal articles) over the last 10 years in 17 areas of leadership research, we reviewed and coded 348 journal articles and book chapters for the degree of appropriate inclusion and use of levels of analysis in theory formulation, construct/variable measurement, data analytic techniques, and inference drawing. In general, while the literature on leadership is vast and growing, relatively few studies in any of the areas of leadership research have addressed levels-of-analysis issues appropriately in theory, measurement, data analysis, and inference drawing. Nevertheless, the findings reported are encouraging, as levels issues are still relatively new to the leadership field and some progress clearly has been made in the last decade. The implications of the current state-of-the-science for future research and the advancement of study in leadership are discussed.