Showing papers by "University College Cork published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this article, the concepts and potential advantages of local and global least squares smoothing of discontinuous finite element functions are introduced, and the relationship between local smoothing and the reduced integration technique is established.
Abstract: The concepts and potential advantages of local and global least squares smoothing of discontinuous finite element functions are introduced.
The relationship between local smoothing and the ‘reduced’ integration' technique is established.
Examples are presented to illustrate the application of the two smoothing techniques to the finite element stresses from several structural analysis problems.
The paper concludes with some practical recommendations for discontinuous finite element function smoothing.
613 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a brief account of the problems which may arise from open cast metal mining and of the value of taking head hair samples to indicate environmental pollution is given, in an area in rural Ireland, of note were the comparatively high arsenic levels, the normal copper and zinc levels, and low levels of lead and mercury.
35 citations
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TL;DR: The enhancement of the oxygen evolution process in the presence of ruthenium is sufficiently marked to warrant further investigation with substrates containing either this or related metal ions.
30 citations
TL;DR: A method by which it is possible to quantify with very high accuracy the levels of rennin, bovine pepin, porcine pepsin and proteases from Mucor miehei (fromase) or M. pusillus (emporase) in a ‘commercial rennet’ containing some or all of these enzymes is described.
Abstract: A method by which it is possible to quantify with very high accuracy the levels of rennin, bovine pepsin, porcine pepsin and proteases from Mucor miehei (fromase) or M. pusillus (emporase) in a ‘commercial rennet’ containing some or all of these enzymes is described. The method employs chromatography on DEAE cellulose in piperazine buffer (0·02M, pH 5·3) to fractionate the enzymes into 2 groups: (peak A) rennin, emporase, and fromase, eluted at ∼0·2 m-NaCl and (peak B) bovine and porcine pepsins eluted at ∼0·4 m-NaCl. The rennin in peak A is selectively denatured at pH 9·0, 20°C for 60 min and the rennin plus emporase at pH 6·0, 60°C for 20 min, permitting the quantification of emporase and fromase (and rennin by difference) and fromase, respectively. The porcine pepsin content of peak B is quantified by selective denaturation at pH 7·0, 30°C for 3 min. A number of commercial rennet preparations were analysed using this method: full rennet contained 45–60% bovine pepsin and ‘half and half’ contained 20–25% rennin, 25–30% bovine pepsin and 50% porcine pepsin.
30 citations
TL;DR: The distributions of attained and residual service for a general class of queuing systems are obtained and an expression is found for the average total unfinished work in the system.
Abstract: This paper obtains the distributions of attained and residual service for a general class of queuing systems. The attained service of an incompletely serviced job is the portion of its processing time that it has already been allocated and its residual service is the portion to be allocated. An expression is found for the average total unfinished work in the system. Examples of these results are also given.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the general type (RBPz 3 )Rh(Alkene) 2 complex with a fluxional h 2 -polypyrazolylborate ligand has been studied.
14 citations
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the oxidative addition of halogens to various arylazo derivatives of Mo and W has been studied and several different types of product are formed depending on the nature of the metal atom and the co-ligand.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a correlation was found between the energy of the band maxima of the electronic spectra and the square of the frequency of the asymmetric stretching mode of the copper-nitrogen bonds (395 −455 cm−1) in a series of Cu(NH3)4X2 and Cu( NH3)5X2 complexes.
8 citations
TL;DR: GTP can both activate and inhibit the AMP deaminase activity of muscle homogenate depending upon the assay conditions chosen, and Purified AMPDeaminase is inhibited at all concentrations of GTP.
7 citations
TL;DR: Les pereiopodes de la nouvelle espece sont modifies pour le cramponnement and sont semblables a ceux des Isaea spp.
Abstract: Gitanopsis paguri sp. nov., commensal sur le decapode paguride, Dardanus megistos, est decrit du Kenya. Les pereiopodes de la nouvelle espece sont modifies pour le cramponnement et sont semblables a ceux des Isaea spp., egalement commensaux de Crustaces decapodes. Les pieces buccales ne sont pas modifiees, ce qui laisse supposer que l'animal se nourrit de residus alimentaires.
TL;DR: Active intervention is nearly always worthwhile, providing short-term relief of symptoms when palliative by-pass is used and offering the prospect of long term survival in cases where radical resection is undertaken.
Abstract: Carcinoma of the bile ducts can be a problem from the diagnostic point of view and from that of treatment. Active intervention is nearly always worthwhile, providing short-term relief of symptoms when palliative by-pass is used and offering the prospect of long term survival in cases where radical resection is undertaken.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: A function f on the real line R is called positive-definite if for any choice of real x 1,..., xn and complex c1,..., cn the inequality holds as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A function f on the real line R is called positive-definite if for any choice of real x1,..., xn and complex c1,..., cn the inequality holds.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the ratio of the quiet Sun temperature to that of the center of the new Moon at 231 GHz (λ = 1.3mm) and proposed the Moon as a radiometric standard for observations of extended sources in the infrared, millimetre and microwave portions of the spectrum.
Abstract: As radio wave spectral line observations are made at ever shorter wavelengths, the need for precise calibration increases. This is because, as a larger portion of the frequency spectrum becomes available for observation, an increasing number of multiple molecular transistions will be detected. To obtain reliable excitation parameters from these detections they must be calibrated accurately at each frequency. Linsky1 has proposed the Moon as a radiometric standard for observations of extended sources in the infrared, millimetre and microwave portions of the spectrum. We therefore measured the ratio of the quiet Sun temperature to that of the centre of the new Moon at 231 GHz(λ = 1.3mm).
TL;DR: The contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle is regulated by the organized membrane systems of the muscle cell, which results in the formation of rounded-off intact structures known as vesicles, which retain the properties of their parent membranes.
Abstract: The contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle is regulated by the organized membrane systems of the muscle cell. The cell is enclosed by an outer membrane known as the sarcolemma. Invaginations of the sarcolemma give rise to transverse tubules, which conduct the nerve impulse arriving at the sarcolemma to the neighbourhood of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds each myofibril or contractile element and can be divided into three regions, namely, the terminal cisternae, thelongitudinal tubules and the fenestrated collar. The terminal cislernae are the sites of calcium storage and release (Winegad, 1968). The sarcoplasmic reticulum links excitation to contraction by regulating the concentration of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasm. Homogenization of the muscle cell ruptures these membrane systems and results in the formation of rounded-off intact structures known as vesicles. These vesicles retain the properties of their parent membranes. Valuable information on the origin of vesicles can be obtained by using marker enzymes (Headon et a]., 1974). Four concentrated microsomal fractions were prepared and protein and enzyme activities were determined as previously reported (Headon & Duggan, 1971 ; Headon et al., 1974). Phospholipids were separated by using t.1.c. and determined as described by Hilderson (1 974). Cholesterol was measured by using g.1.c. Sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was performed as described by Headon et al. (1 974). In Table 1 the chemical and enzyme compositions of the four microsomal fractions are listed. The protein content of the fractions is high indicating a good yield of microsomes. Ca*+-uptake activity is greatest in fraction 3 (1.6lpmoI of Ca2+/min per mg of protein at 25"C), followed by fraction 2. Fractions 1 and 4 have lower activities. With succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) as a marker for the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, contamination by mitochondria1 protein was estimated to be approx. 4% in fraction 2 and 5 % in fraction 3. Fraction 3 therefore contains highly active Ca2+accumulating vesicles, which are relatively uncontaminated by fragmented mitochondria. The membrane proteins present in these four fractions were solubilized by using sodium dodecyl sulphate. The protein components were separated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and their molecular weights determined. The protein patterns obtained are shown in Fig. 1. All four fractions possess
TL;DR: The Arrhenius plot for the basal ATPase consists of two straight lines intersecting at a temperature of about 20°C yielding activation energies of 28.14 x 103J/m01 above and 5 7 .
Abstract: The Arrhenius plot for the basal ATPase consists of two straight lines intersecting at a temperature of about 20°C yielding activation energies of 2814 x 103J/m01 above and 5 7 5 4 ~ lo3 Jlmol below this temperature These figures agree in some measure with the values of 24"C, 2 3 5 2 ~ 103J/mol and 6 8 0 4 ~ lo3 J/mol respectively reported by Yamamoto & Tonomura (1967) Several workers have shown that thiol groups are essential for activity in the K+ATPase (Duggan, 1968; Yamamoto & Tonomura, 1967; Makinose & The, 1965) and that the basal ATPase is insensitive to thiol reagents such as salyrgan and N-ethylmaleimide The purified basal ATPase prepared here is totally unaffected by p-chloromercuribenzoate either in the assay medium or after preincubation The K+-ATPase on the other hand, was almost totally inactivated by the presence of 15pmol of p-chloromercuribenzoatelmg of protein Similarly, preincubation of this enzyme with 013pmol of p-chloromercuribenzoate/mg of protein for lOmin completely inactivates this enzyme To ascertain whether the basal enzyme was involved in the transport of metabolites other than cations across cellular membranes, the effects of several compounds on the activity were studied Included in this group were amino acids, sugars and carbohydrate metabolites and nicotinamide nucleotides All of these compounds were without marked effect on the enzyme
TL;DR: The capture of a specimen of the bluefish–Pomatomus saltatrix, (L. 1758) off Ballycotton, Ireland, is reported, which would appear to be the first record of the species for the Eastern Atlantic, north of Spain.
Abstract: The capture of a specimen of the bluefish–Pomatomus saltatrix, (L. 1758) off Ballycotton, Co. Cork, Ireland (Lat. 8°W, Long. 51°50′N) is reported. Some diagnostic features and measurements of the specimen are given. This would appear to be the first record of the species for the Eastern Atlantic, north of Spain.
TL;DR: In this article, the polarized single-crystal electronic and ESR spectra of catena-μ-bis(1,2-diphenylphosphinyl)ethane dichlorocopper (II) have been recorded.
TL;DR: Firm muscular reattachments in the midline of the mandible had occurred in all the experimental animals when examined at the end of the eighth week.
TL;DR: It appears that diurnal fluctuation is influenced by the form of diabetic treatment being used, and also by the state of diabetic control.
Abstract: The diurnal pattern of blood sugar levels in 87 diabetic subjects was studied. The subjects were divided into five groups according to the form of diabetic treatment being used. A mid morning peak in the blood sugar level was noted in all groups. There was marked fluctuation in the blood sugar levels throughout the day in all groups except those on biguanide therepy alone. It appears that diurnal fluctuation is influenced by the form of diabetic treatment being used, and also by the state of diabetic control. The practical implications of these observations are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the root growth rate of pea and barley root was measured at 10-min intervals over 72 h using time-lapse cine photography, and the root inhibition was determined at exposure to concentrations causing 50 % inhibition in 72 h.
Abstract: Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung
Time-lapse cine photography was used to measure at 10-min intervals over 72 h the growth rate of pea and barley roots during separate exposure of the shoot + seed, root or entire seedling to eight herbicides. Times for commencement of root inhibition were determined at exposure to concentrations causing 50 % inhibition in 72 h.
Root growth rate was normal in both species during shoot + seed treatment. Root inhibition commenced at the same time in a given species, when only the root or the entire seedling were treated with a particular herbicide. Except for dinoseb, times for commencement of root inhibition differed between pea and barley and between each herbicide. In pea these times ranged from 125 h with diuron to 23–7 h with diphenamid, and in barley from tl-1 h with diphenamid to 21–3 h with EPTC. Root growth ceased in only a few cases during the experimental period.
EPTC, diphenamid, dinoseb, and trifluralin (on barley only) effectively inhibited root elongation, whereas diuron, simazine, paraquat, dalapon, and trifluralin (on pea only) had no direct effect on root growth at normal field rates of application.
Etudes sur le taux de croissance des racines de plantules intactes dans un milieu herbicide
Le cinema avec prise de vue image par image, a des intervalles de 10 minutes, a ete utilise pour mesurer, pendant 72 heures, le taux de croissance des racines de pois et d'orge, soumises a l'action de huit herbicides, en traitant separement soit l'ensemble pousse + semence, soit la racine, soit la plantule entiere. On a determine les durees d'apparition de l'inhibition des racines, en utilisant des concentrations provoquant 50% d'inhibition en 72 heures.
Le taux de croissance des racines fut normal chez les deux especes pendant le traitement pousse + semence. L'inhibition des racines commenca au meme moment chez une espece donnee lorsque les racines seules ou la plante entiere furent traitees avec un herbicide particulier. Les durees d'apparition de l'inhibition furent diffrentes pour le pois et pour l'orge et selon l'herbicide. Pour le pois, ces durees se situerent entre 12,5 heures avec le diuron et 23,7 heures avec le diphenamide; pour l'orge, les durees furent comprises entre 11,1 heures avec le diphenamide et 21,3 heures pour l'EPTC. La croissance des racines ne cessa, durant la periode experimentale, que dans un petit nombre de cas.
L'EPTC, le diphenamide, le dinosebe et la trifluraline inhiberent efficacement l'elongation des racines chez l'orge seulement, cependant que le diuron, la simazine, le paraquat, le dalapon et la trifiuraline n'eurent pas d'effet direct, chez le pois seulement, sur la croissance des racines aux doses normales d'appiication.
Untersuchungen uber das Wurzelwachstum von Keimpflanzen in einem Herbizidmedium
Das Wachstum von Erbsen- und Gerstenwurzeln wurde uber 72 Stunden in Abstanden von 10 Minuten mit Hilfe der Zeitrafferphotographie gemessen, wobei jeweils Spross + Same, die Wurzel, Oder die ganze Keimpflanze, acht Herbi-ziden ausgesetzt war. Es wurde die Zeit bestimmt, die fur eine 50%ige Hemmung des Wurzelwachstums wahrend der 72 Stunden notig war.
Das Wurzelwachstum war bei Spross + Samen-Behandlung bei beiden Arten normal. Wenn nur die Wurzel oder die ganze Pflanze mit einem bestimmten Herbizid behandelt wurden, begann bei der jeweiligen Pflanzenart die Hemmung des Wurzelwachstums zur selben Zeit. Mit Ausnahme von Dinoseb, war der Zeitpunkt der Wurzelhemmung sowohl zwischen Erbse und Gerste und dem jeweiligen Herbizid unterschiedlich. Bei der Erbse bewegten sich diese Zeiten zwischen 12,5 Stunden mit Diuron bis 23,8 Stunden mit Diphenamid und bei der Gerste von 11.1 Stunden mit Diphenamid bis 21,3 Stunden mit EPTC. Nur in einigen wenigen Fallen horte das Wurzelwachstum wahrend des Versuchszeitraums auf.
EPTC, Diphenamid, Dinoseb und Trifluralin (nur bei der Gerste) hemmten wirksam das Langenwachstum der Wurzeln, wogegen Diuron, Simazin, Paraquat, Dalapon und Trifluralin (nur bei der Erbse) keine direkte Wirkung auf das Wurzelwachstum bei normalen im Feld angewandten Aufwandmengen hatten.
01 Sep 1974
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of attenuation at 230 GHz through the total atmosphere due to the presence of oxygen and water vapour molecules, clouds and rain are presented and discussed using a specially designed superhetrodyne receiver mounted on a sun tracker.
Abstract: Measurements of attenuation at 230 GHz through the total atmosphere due to the presence of oxygen and water vapour molecules, clouds and rain are presented and discussed. The measurements were carried out using a specially designed superhetrodyne receiver mounted on a sun tracker. Simultaneous measurements were also carried out at 13 GHz. For a measuring site close to sea level the "clear-sky" zenith attenuation was found to be given by A(dB)=0.35+0.95W, where W is the precipitable water in cms. When the ground temperature was below about 7°C most cloud and overcast gave ? 0.5 dB attenuation whereas with a ground temperature greater than 13°C cloud attenuation was 8 to 10 times greater.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A scheme is presented which concentrates on the prevention of dental disease, and an alternative plan is outlined in which treatment of established disease takes priority.