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Institution

University College Cork

EducationCork, Ireland
About: University College Cork is a education organization based out in Cork, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Irish. The organization has 12056 authors who have published 28452 publications receiving 958414 citations. The organization is also known as: Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh & National University of Ireland, Cork.
Topics: Population, Irish, Gut flora, Microbiome, Casein


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of emulsion-based encapsulation and delivery systems for polyphenols, including single, multiple and nano-emulsions, is presented, where the authors discuss the preparation, applications and limitations of these systems.
Abstract: Background Instability and low bioavailability of polyphenols greatly limit their potential health benefits in preventing ageing, cancer, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Utilization of protected encapsulation and delivery system can improve the stability and bioavailability of polyphenols. A wide range of technologies have been developed to encapsulate polyphenols. Among these, emulsion-encapsulation is regarded as one of the most promising techniques for protection and delivery of polyphenols, due to its high-efficiency encapsulation, maintenance of chemical stability and controlled release. Scope and approach In this review, preparation, applications and limitations of emulsion-based encapsulation and delivery systems for polyphenols, including single, multiple and nano-emulsions, are discussed. Key findings and conclusions Utilization of encapsulated polyphenols instead of free molecules improves both the stability and bioavailability of the molecules in vitro and in vivo. Many emulsion-based delivery systems for polyphenols have been well established, including single, multiple and nano-emulsions. However, variations in composition and preparation technologies result in the formation of a range of emulsions of new properties with great potential in delivery of polyphenols or other bioactive nutrients, e.g., using unsaturated fatty acids as the oil phase, which can achieve the delivery of multiple nutrients at the same time. Furthermore, very few studies have been done on the in vivo absorption, transportation and release of polyphenols incorporated emulsions, which are essential to their deeper and wider applications. Hence, systematic and intensive investigation of metabolism and physiological effects of encapsulated polyphenols or other potential bioactive nutrients in vivo are required.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the EF1α-A3 gene, the presence of a long intron in the 5'UTR is sufficient to enhance gene expression in plants in a size dependent manner and shows specific features that distinguish them from introns that reside within the coding sequence and the 3'UTRs.
Abstract: The majority of introns in gene transcripts are found within the coding sequences (CDSs). A small but significant fraction of introns are also found to reside within the untranslated regions (5'UTRs and 3'UTRs) of expressed sequences. Alignment of the whole genome and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has identified introns residing in both coding and non-coding regions of the genome. A bioinformatic analysis revealed some interesting observations: (1) the density of introns in 5'UTRs is similar to that in CDSs but much higher than that in 3'UTRs; (2) the 5'UTR introns are preferentially located close to the initiating ATG codon; (3) introns in the 5'UTRs are, on average, longer than introns in the CDSs and 3'UTRs; and (4) 5'UTR introns have a different nucleotide composition to that of CDS and 3'UTR introns. Furthermore, we show that the 5'UTR intron of the A. thaliana EF1α-A3 gene affects the gene expression and the size of the 5'UTR intron influences the level of gene expression. Introns within the 5'UTR show specific features that distinguish them from introns that reside within the coding sequence and the 3'UTR. In the EF1α-A3 gene, the presence of a long intron in the 5'UTR is sufficient to enhance gene expression in plants in a size dependent manner.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarises key applications of high and low frequency ultrasound in food fermentation applications.

195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings provide novel insights for improved understanding of the potential role of gut microbial communities on psychological disorders, most particularly in the field of psychological comorbidities associated with functional bowel disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and should present new opportunity for interventions with pro- and prebiotics.
Abstract: The brain-gut axis allows bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS), linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent experimental work suggests that the gut microbiota have an impact on the brain-gut axis. A group of experts convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) discussed the role of gut bacteria on brain functions and the implications for probiotic and prebiotic science. The experts reviewed and discussed current available data on the role of gut microbiota on epithelial cell function, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensitivity, perception and behavior. Data, mostly gathered from animal studies, suggest interactions of gut microbiota not only with the enteric nervous system but also with the central nervous system via neural, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and humoral links. Microbial colonization impacts mammalian brain development in early life and subsequent adult behavior. These findings provide novel insights for improved understanding of the potential role of gut microbial communities on psychological disorders, most particularly in the field of psychological comorbidities associated with functional bowel disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and should present new opportunity for interventions with pro- and prebiotics.

195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of diet in shaping the microbiome and the influence of specific dietary components, namely protein, fat and carbohydrates, on gut microbiota composition are looked at.
Abstract: The gut microbiota is a highly complex community which evolves and adapts to its host over a lifetime. It has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it performs, including the production of bioactive metabolites, regulation of immunity, energy homeostasis and protection against pathogens. These activities are dependent on the quantity and quality of the microbiota alongside its metabolic potential, which are dictated by a number of factors, including diet and host genetics. In this regard, the gut microbiome is malleable and varies significantly from host to host. These two features render the gut microbiome a candidate ‘organ’ for the possibility of precision microbiomics—the use of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to specific dietary constituents to generate precision diets and interventions for optimal health. With this in mind, this two-part review investigates the current state of the science in terms of the influence of diet and specific dietary components on the gut microbiota and subsequent consequences for health status, along with opportunities to modulate the microbiota for improved health and the potential of the microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to dietary components. In particular, in Part I, we examine the development of the microbiota from birth and its role in health. We investigate the consequences of poor-quality diet in relation to infection and inflammation and discuss diet-derived microbial metabolites which negatively impact health. We look at the role of diet in shaping the microbiome and the influence of specific dietary components, namely protein, fat and carbohydrates, on gut microbiota composition.

195 citations


Authors

Showing all 12300 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Stephen J. O'Brien153106293025
James J. Collins15166989476
J. Wouter Jukema12478561555
John F. Cryan12472358938
Fergus Shanahan11770551963
Timothy G. Dinan11668960561
John M. Starr11669548761
Gordon G. Wallace114126769095
Colin Hill11269354484
Robert Clarke11151290049
Douglas B. Kell11163450335
Thomas Bein10967742800
Steven C. Hayes10645051556
Åke Borg10544453835
Eamonn Martin Quigley10368539585
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202381
2022400
20212,153
20201,927
20191,679
20181,618