Institution
University College Cork
Education•Cork, Ireland•
About: University College Cork is a education organization based out in Cork, Ireland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Irish. The organization has 12056 authors who have published 28452 publications receiving 958414 citations. The organization is also known as: Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh & National University of Ireland, Cork.
Topics: Population, Irish, Gut flora, Microbiome, Casein
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is recommended that Salmonella classification by serotyping should be replaced by MLST or its equivalents as it confounded genetically unrelated isolates and failed to recognize natural evolutionary groupings.
Abstract: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is traditionally subdivided into serovars by serological and nutritional characteristics. We used Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to assign 4,257 isolates from 554 serovars to 1092 sequence types (STs). The majority of the isolates and many STs were grouped into 138 genetically closely related clusters called eBurstGroups (eBGs). Many eBGs correspond to a serovar, for example most Typhimurium are in eBG1 and most Enteritidis are in eBG4, but many eBGs contained more than one serovar. Furthermore, most serovars were polyphyletic and are distributed across multiple unrelated eBGs. Thus, serovar designations confounded genetically unrelated isolates and failed to recognize natural evolutionary groupings. An inability of serotyping to correctly group isolates was most apparent for Paratyphi B and its variant Java. Most Paratyphi B were included within a sub-cluster of STs belonging to eBG5, which also encompasses a separate sub-cluster of Java STs. However, diphasic Java variants were also found in two other eBGs and monophasic Java variants were in four other eBGs or STs, one of which is in subspecies salamae and a second of which includes isolates assigned to Enteritidis, Dublin and monophasic Paratyphi B. Similarly, Choleraesuis was found in eBG6 and is closely related to Paratyphi C, which is in eBG20. However, Choleraesuis var. Decatur consists of isolates from seven other, unrelated eBGs or STs. The serological assignment of these Decatur isolates to Choleraesuis likely reflects lateral gene transfer of flagellar genes between unrelated bacteria plus purifying selection. By confounding multiple evolutionary groups, serotyping can be misleading about the disease potential of S. enterica. Unlike serotyping, MLST recognizes evolutionary groupings and we recommend that Salmonella classification by serotyping should be replaced by MLST or its equivalents.
552 citations
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Spanish National Research Council1, Ulster University2, University College Cork3, Indiana University4, University College Dublin5, Robert Gordon University6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne7, University of Sydney8, BBN Technologies9, Northwestern University10, Norwegian University of Science and Technology11, University of Auckland12
TL;DR: The cognitive science foundations of CBR and its relationship to analogical reasoning are examined, and a representative selection ofCBR research in the past few decades on aspects of retrieval, reuse, revision and retention are reviewed.
Abstract: Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an approach to problem solving that emphasizes the role of prior experience during future problem solving (i.e., new problems are solved by reusing and if necessary adapting the solutions to similar problems that were solved in the past). It has enjoyed considerable success in a wide variety of problem solving tasks and domains. Following a brief overview of the traditional problem-solving cycle in CBR, we examine the cognitive science foundations of CBR and its relationship to analogical reasoning. We then review a representative selection of CBR research in the past few decades on aspects of retrieval, reuse, revision and retention.
550 citations
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Villanova University1, Natural Environment Research Council2, University of New Hampshire3, Paul Scherrer Institute4, University of California, Davis5, Georgia Institute of Technology6, Environment Canada7, California Institute of Technology8, University of Cambridge9, Langley Research Center10, Joseph Fourier University11, University of California, Merced12, Harvard University13, University of Leeds14, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research15, Michigan Technological University16, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research17, Masaryk University18, University of Houston19, York University20, Max Planck Society21, Purdue University22, University of Alaska Fairbanks23, University College Cork24, Peking University25
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future.
Abstract: It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3–4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future.
547 citations
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TL;DR: Considerable advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) devices stem from innovations in cellphone (CP)-based technologies, paper-based assays, lab-on-a-chip platforms, novel assay formats, and strategies for long-term reagent storage.
547 citations
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TL;DR: The effect of Sourdough on wheat and rye bread as well as the potential of sourdough to improve the quality of gluten-free bread are discussed.
547 citations
Authors
Showing all 12300 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Stephen J. O'Brien | 153 | 1062 | 93025 |
James J. Collins | 151 | 669 | 89476 |
J. Wouter Jukema | 124 | 785 | 61555 |
John F. Cryan | 124 | 723 | 58938 |
Fergus Shanahan | 117 | 705 | 51963 |
Timothy G. Dinan | 116 | 689 | 60561 |
John M. Starr | 116 | 695 | 48761 |
Gordon G. Wallace | 114 | 1267 | 69095 |
Colin Hill | 112 | 693 | 54484 |
Robert Clarke | 111 | 512 | 90049 |
Douglas B. Kell | 111 | 634 | 50335 |
Thomas Bein | 109 | 677 | 42800 |
Steven C. Hayes | 106 | 450 | 51556 |
Åke Borg | 105 | 444 | 53835 |
Eamonn Martin Quigley | 103 | 685 | 39585 |