Showing papers by "University of Aberdeen published in 1972"
TL;DR: Great increases of IAP were accompanied by falls of CVP and Cj (to 4.4 l./min per 70 kg in both positions), accompanied by parallel changes of MAP and by moderate tachycardia.
Abstract: SUMMARY We have measured, in 21 horizontal and 18 25° head-down anaesthetized, artificially ventilated patients, the effea of progressive increases of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) before, during and after laparoscopy, on: CVP, intrathoracic pressure (ITP), femoral venous pressure (FVP), cardiac output (Q), heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), peak airway pressure, FF/QO, and arterial blood-gas tensions. FVP paralleled the increase of IAP. In both horizontal and tilted patients increases of IAP to around 20 cm H,0 were accompanied by increases of CVP (horizontal: 4.6 cm H3O; tilted: 10.2 cm H,O), by smaller increases of ITP (horizontal: 1.8 cm 11,0; tilted: 32 cm H,O), and by increases of Q (from 3.9 l./min per 70 kg to 5.0 l./min per 70 kg in horizontal position; and from 4.8 L/min per 70 kg to 5.3 L/min per 70 kg in tilted patients). Greater increases of IAP to around 40 cm HjO were accompanied by falls of CVP and Cj (to 4.4 l./min per 70 kg in both positions), accompanied by parallel changes of MAP and by moderate tachycardia. There was no arterial hypoxaemia, Pao * rising from 132.0 mm Hg to 135.4 mm Hg in the horizontal patients, and from 151.3 mm Hg to 155.2 mm Hg in the tilted patients; increases of Paoo3 were slight (from 28.6 mm Hg to 32.4 mm Hg in the horizontal patients, and from 25.3 to 30.9 mm Hg in the tilted patients).
250 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the system of dopamine-containing neurones from the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum is one of two systems whose activation will support self-stimulattion responding.
246 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the noradrenaline-containing system arising from the locus coeruleus is one of two neural systems which can be activated to obtain electrical self-stimulation, but the possibility that a fibre pathway associated with the mesencephalic root of the trigeminal nerve is involved cannot be excluded.
210 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that a rather constant amount of whole plasma may be entering the intima, carrying a variable amount of lipoprotein, dependent on its cholesterol level; there was, however, a substantial increase in the two known hypertensives.
203 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis is advanced that electrical self-stimulation results in the majority of cases from activation of one or both of these catecholamine-containing systems.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS Experimental data on the location in the brain of electrode sites supporting electrical self-stimulation are reviewed. All previous studies are in agreement that the behaviour is most easily elicited from lateral hypothalamic sites corresponding approximately to the fibre pathways known as the ‘medial forebrain bundle’. Some brainstem electrode sites will support self-stimulation. Experiments are summarized which indicate that there is a correlation between the sites of electrode tips positive for self-stimulation and the location of catecholamine-containing neurones in two regions: (1) in the region of the dopamine-containing cells in the ventral mesencephalon (cell-body groups A9 and AIO of Dahlstr¨m and Fuxe, 1964), and (2) in the region of the noradrenaline-containing cells of the locus coeruleus (A6 group). These two cell-body groups give rise to axons which pass through the medial forebrain bundle to form terminal systems with a widespread distribution in the prosencephalon. The hypothesis is advanced that electrical self-stimulation results in the majority of cases from activation of one or both of these catecholamine-containing systems.
199 citations
TL;DR: The finding that there were 13 sudden unexpected deaths in a group of 119 amitriptyline patients compared with only 3 in a carefully matched control group confirms the suspicion linking unexpected death with the administration of this tricyclic antidepressant.
138 citations
TL;DR: Thirty patients with a recent cerebro- Summary vascular accident resulting in a " stroke " were studied for evidence of leg-vein thrombosis using the 125 I-labelled fibrinogen technique, and 60% developed a deep-venous thromBosis in their paralysed leg.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the point in time at which the northern and southern arms of the protoatlantic became united may be ascertained by means of a biostratigraphical analysis, based mainly on the evidence provided by the ammonites of the critical sequences.
Abstract: The southern Atlantic has always been a favoured testing ground for the hypothesis of continental drift. Apart from the remarkable agreement in the geographical shape of the coast of western Africa and eastern South America, considerable attention has been paid to the origin of the Mid-Atlantic ridge and these factors have provided a basis for testing the concept of drift. Detailed studies of the geology of NE Brazil and Gabon indicate that both areas had been basins of non-marine sedimentation almost continuously from the Upper Palaeozoic through to the Neocomian. During the Neocomian it would appear that both areas were parts of a large freshwater lake which may have been situated in a zone of subsidence produced by an initial phase in the separation of the two land masses. This structure may have been similar to the Great Rift Valley system of today in East Africa. It would seem that the rift continued to widen during the Neocomian and made connexion with the open ocean during the Aptian, thus developing into a 'protoatlantic' similar in configuration to the present day Red Sea. During the latter part of the Aptian, salt deposits began to accumulate in the narrower parts of the elongated bays. The deposits in Gabon, Angola and Brazil are large and of economic importance. About this time South America seems to have begun a relative clockwise rotational motion, which in its later stages may have resulted in a fracturing and tearing movement of the crystalline basement rocks in the area bounded by the Ivory Coast and Maranhao. The point in time at which northern and southern arms of the protoatlantic became united may be ascertained by means of a biostratigraphical analysis, based mainly on the evidence provided by the ammonites of the critical sequences. The crucial area lies in a zone formed by the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia in Brazil, and the Ivory Coast down to Angola and Gabon in West Africa. The analysis of the Albian to Turonian invertebrate associations, in particular the dispersion of the genus Elobiceras and the vascoceratid, pseudotissotiid, mammitid and benueitan faunas shows that the final break between South America and Africa may be dated as upper Lower Turonian. Furthermore, the geographical dispersion of Turonian invertebrates shows that the rifting apart was accompanied by a periodic pattern of regressions and transgressions possibly brought about by oscillatory movements of the continental block.
123 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that cocaine enhances output by blocking the neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline, and corticosterone byblocking the extraneuronal uptake and subsequent metabolism of nordrenaline.
Abstract: 1. A method is described for the detection and assay of picogramme quantities of noradrenaline. This involves transferring Krebs solution containing noradrenaline to a cascade system where the catecholamine may be bioassayed on superfused preparations of the rabbit aorta and iliac artery.
2. Electrical field stimulation of the rabbit vas deferens and portal vein caused the release, into the bathing medium, of a material which was identified by pharmacological and chemical tests as noradrenaline.
3. Cocaine (0·3-5 μg/ml) caused a marked increase in noradrenaline output after electrical stimulation of the portal vein and vas deferens. This effect appeared to be maximal at a concentration of 2·4 μg/ml; when the cocaine concentration was increased above 10 μg/ml the noradrenaline output was greatly reduced.
4. Phenoxybenzamine (5 μg/ml) caused a 4-8 times greater increase in noradrenaline output than cocaine; however, the increase in output due to phenoxybenzamine was much smaller in tissues pretreated with cocaine.
5. Corticosterone (20 μg/ml) increased noradrenaline output by 30-40% in untreated vas deferentia, but caused a 300% increase in output in tissues pretreated with cocaine. Cocaine also caused a much greater increase in output in tissues pretreated with corticosterone than in untreated tissues.
6. Treatment with pargyline plus tropolone caused a 100-200% increase in noradrenaline output; this effect was not modified by cocaine, but was abolished when the tissues were pretreated with either phenoxybenzamine or corticosterone.
7. When tissues were stimulated for 240 pulses at 1-16 Hz, the output per pulse of noradrenaline increased linearly with the logarithm of the frequency of stimulation. This relationship between frequency and output was seen in both untreated tissues, and in tissues treated with cocaine, phenoxybenzamine, corticosterone or pargyline plus tropolone.
8. It is concluded that cocaine enhances output by blocking the neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline, and corticosterone by blocking the extraneuronal uptake and subsequent metabolism of noradrenaline. Phenoxybenzamine acts by blocking both neuronal and extraneuronal uptake mechanisms. There appears to be a dynamic balance in the distribution of noradrenaline between the two uptake mechanisms after the release of the transmission from the nerve endings.
9. It is calculated that more than 90% of the noradrenaline released by nerve stimulation (240 pulses at 2-16 Hz) is inactivated by neuronal and extra neuronal uptake mechanisms.
10. It is calculated that the fraction of the total noradrenaline store that is released by one pulse at 2 Hz is 6·6 × 10-5 in the portal vein and 5·6 × 10-5 in the vas deferens; the corresponding values at 16 Hz were 15·9 × 10-5 and 16·2 × 10-5.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal chemistry of Li3PO4, Li3VO4 and Li3AsO4 is compared and the occurrence of high, low, and of distorted high and low phases is correlated with the temperature of preparation and rate of cooling.
118 citations
TL;DR: A sample of Me'en (Mekan) drawn from a population having minimal contact with pictorial materials was found to be able to recognise correctly, albeit gradually and with a degree of effort, clearly depicted animals.
Abstract: A sample of Me'en (Mekan) drawn from a population having minimal contact with pictorial materials was found to be able to recognise correctly, albeit gradually and with a degree of effort, clearly depicted animals. They did make however some responses which in the west would be considered anomalous, and appeared to find the task stressful.
TL;DR: The distribution of Nile blue cells was related to morphology rather than to age, and they were not found in normal intima at any age but occurred in 87% of atherosclerotic lesions with thick fibrous caps.
TL;DR: In this article, the ground state rotational constants for C2CCD2 and C2D4 were derived from the rotational Raman data of Dowling and Stoicheff and the infrared data of Allen and Plyler.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ground-state rotational constants of the infrared spectrum of ethylene-H 4 were studied with a resolution of 0.03 -0.03 −0.04 cm −1.
TL;DR: In the roots of most species of terrestrial and epiphytic Malayan orchids examined, mycorrhizal infection was spasmodic and confined to a small proportion of the root cortex cells.
Abstract: Summary
In the roots of most species of terrestrial and epiphytic Malayan orchids examined, mycorrhizal infection was spasmodic and confined to a small proportion of the root cortex cells. Only a few terrestrial species exhibited the pattern of dense infection seen in north temperate orchids. Chlorophyllous tissue in the roots of some terrestrial and epiphytic species was invaded and cytological changes, including fragmentation and disappearance of the chloroplasts, occurred in some instances.
Measurements of host cell nuclei indicated that nuclear hypertrophy occurred not only in infected cells but also in many non-infected cells localized around pockets of infection.
TL;DR: A system of flux equations consistent with non-equilibrium thermodynamics is developed and the minimum assumptions and idealizations needed to obtain well-defined results are identified and methods of computation have been developed which permit the observable behaviour of the system to be predicted in terms of the ascertainable concentration of the bulk solutions.
Abstract: When a steady electric current is passed through a porous membrane which separates two electrolyte solutions at different concentrations the system can, in a suitable experimental configuration, enter a state of stable oscillations of the trans-membrane pressure and potential. This system, sometimes called the Teorell membrane oscillator, also displays unusual stationary state behaviour when the pressure difference across the membrane is held constant. These phenomena arise because the pressure-driven flow of volume through the membrane is virtually independent of the concentration of the solution in its pores, whereas the electro-osmotic flow decreases as the concentration increases. If the pressure-driven and electro-osmotic flows are opposed and pressure is applied to the concentrated solution then at low currents pressure drives the concentrated solution into the pores and at high currents electro-osmosis drags the dilute solution into the pores. At some intermediate current the transition from concentrated to dilute solution in the pores occurs and is accompanied by a sudden increase in the membrane resistance and potential difference. These observations have been made on various membranes of ill-defined structure, it is shown here that they can be reproduced with Nuclepore filters which have readily characterized uniform circular and parallel pores. This observation has facilitated the development and testing of a quantitative theory of the phenomenon. The theory developed here follows the lines laid down by Kobatake & Fujita (1964) and by Mikulecky & Caplan (1966). The membrane pores are treated as independent capillaries lined by an electrical double layer with a diffuse counter charge in the pore solution. A system of flux equations consistent with non-equilibrium thermodynamics is developed and the minimum assumptions and idealizations needed to obtain well-defined results are identified. Flow in the pores is treated via the Navier-Stokes equation and equations for the membrane fluxes and forces are obtained in terms of the membrane properties and external parameters under the control of an experimenter. Two cases are considered. In the first the surface charge density on the pore walls is independent of the solution concentration and in the second the surface charge density is proportional to the cube root of the concentration. The second case applies to Nuclepore membranes because the surface charge on poly-carbonate is probably due mainly to adsorption of anions from solution. In the first case the electro-osmotic flow is inversely proportional to the one-half power of the concentration and in the second case to the one-sixth power. In order to convert the barycentric local flux equations to equations describing the macroscopic phenomena account must be taken of the radial variation of parameters over a pore cross-section and to their variation along the pore from one membrane boundary to the other. Radial variation is dealt with first by transferring from the barycentric to the membrane-fixed frame. The flux equations are then averaged over the pore cross-section and finally integrated across the membrane under the assumption of a steady state. This procedure has the advantage of producing manageable flux equations, with no adjustable parameters, which can therefore be given an unequivocal test. It has the disadvantage that no information is obtained concerning the precise mechanisms of the sudden transitions between the high and low resistance states. The flux equations predict the observed types of transitions in fluxes and forces and give a correct general picture of the expected behaviour of the system. In order to devise a quantitative test it is necessary to bear in mind that it is not technically possible to stir bulk solutions very vigorously against the surfaces of a thin porous membrane without exaggerating pore end effects or even pulsing solutions right through the pores. This difficulty has been dealt with by superimposing upon the membrane flux equations, transport equations across Nernst hypothetical diffusion layers at the membrane/solution boundaries. Methods of computation have been developed which permit the observable behaviour of the system to be predicted in terms of the ascertainable concentration of the bulk solutions. It is interesting to note that, whereas the low power of the concentration dependence of electro-osmosis in Nuclepore membranes, as compared with constant charge membranes, lowers the scale of the expected force-flux transitions, the presence of stagnant solution layers at the membrane faces increases the scale of these transitions. The quantitative test of this theory has been based on the comparison of observed and predicted current-voltage curves. A membrane cell has been devised in which the solutions are stirred by paddles and pump circulation to give stable and characterizable stirring conditions. An electric current can be passed through the cell but the products from the electrodes are excluded by ion-exchange membranes. The membrane potential can be measured, and controlled with a potentiostat, via probe holes close to the membrane faces. The pressure difference across the membrane can be maintained at a desired level or allowed to fluctuate in attached vertical tubes. The pore characteristics of the membranes have been measured optically and by studying hydrodynamic and electro-osmotic flows through them. Teorell-type oscillations and steady-state dynatron-type current-voltage curves have been recorded in membranes of 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 $\mu $m pore diameter at various currents and pressure differentials in the presence of solutions of NaCl at several concentrations, MgCl$\_{2}$ and Na$\_{2}$SO$_{4}$. Transitions were observed in current-voltage curves at high enough pressures. The curves showed hysteresis-like loops. They were characterized by the values of the upper or \`flip' current and lower or \`flop' current on the boundaries of the hysteresis loop and by the difference in the cell resistance between the low current and high current states. Theoretical values were calculated for the flip and flop currents and the resistance changes under the conditions studied experimentally and a direct comparison made. Within the limits of the assumptions of ideal solutions and of simple diffuse double-layer theory it was found that agreement was satisfactory on all important matters. In particular, factors that decreased the hydrodynamic permeability or increased the electro-osmotic permeability were correctly found to make the system less sensitive to changes of pressure. This was borne out by the response of the membrane system to changes in the membrane pore size and surface charge, to varying the valence type of the electrolyte and to varying the concentrations of the bulk solutions. Proceeding from this evidence in favour of the correctness of the theory with regard to current-voltage characteristics, it has been possible to make various predictions regarding the behaviour of the volume and ion fluxes through the membrane in the transition region. It has not yet been possible to measure these fluxes and so to test the predictions which emphasize the importance of the volume flux in controlling the nonlinearity of the system.
TL;DR: It is hoped that in future it will be possible to arrange with the Department of Health and Social Security that mechanical and other simple tests of new pumps will be carried out in an engineer- ing laboratory before subjecting the pumps to a critical evaluation in routine use in a clinical chemistry laboratory.
Abstract: The object of this study was to assess the suitability ofvarious pumps for Continuous Flow Analysis. The observations were made in three laboratories. In one study, carried out in the Biochemistry Department of Glasgow Royal Infirmary, the following pumps were investigated simultaneously: 1. Watson Marlow MKIII flow inducer (by arrangement with the ACB Study Group on Automation). 2. Quickfit & Quartz peristaltic pump (made available by Quickfit & Quartz, Stone, Staffs.). Cat. No.10PP60. 3. An 18-month-old Technicon MKI pump. In a second study carried out at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast the undernoted pumps were evaluated: 1. Ismatec peristaltic pump. 2. Technicon MKII pump. 3. Technicon MKI pump. A further investigation of the Watson-Marlow JW inducer was undertaken at the Department of .nemical Pathology, Forresterhill, Aberdeen. Table 1 gives the basic data on the pumps. be carried out when the pump was incorporated into a working system. It is hoped that in future it will be possible to arrange with the Department of Health and Social Security that mechanical and other simple tests of new pumps will be carried out in an engineer-' ing laboratory before subjecting the pumps to a criticalevaluation in routine use in a clinical chemistry laboratory. 4. Tests of pump plus tubing. The system used in the present study (see below) which was a check on the flow delivery rate of various tubes under differing loading conditions could perhaps be regarded as a test of tubing performance. However, assessment of differences in flow rate between tubes of the same size and from a single batch on different pumps is a convenient, quantitative means of evaluating pump performance in practice. 5. Incorporation into existing systems. Estimation of pulsation and baseline drift, together with carryover determination following the scheme of Broughton et al. (J. clin. Path. n (1969) 278) provide further evidence regarding the applicability of the pump under test to the continuous flow system in routine laboratory use.
TL;DR: In this paper, the variation of tension in a radial strand of a bordered pit membrane during drying has been derived theoretically from two approaches: the mechanical extension of the strand, while the surface tension force caused by an annular liquid meniscus in the pit chamber.
Abstract: The variation of tension in a radial strand of a bordered pit membrane during drying has been derived theoretically from two approaches. One considers the mechanical extension of the strand, while the other considers the surface tension force caused by an annular liquid meniscus in the pit chamber. The tension has been calculated for pits in earlywood, in latewood and in regions near the earlywood-latewood boundary of a single growth ring in Pinus sylvestris L., using experimentally observed typical values for pit dimensions. The occurrence of aspiration of earlywood but not of latewood pits in air-seasoned wood is correctly predicted by the analysis, which also predicts that, contrary to accepted theory, earlywood pit membranes should be displaced and brought into contact with the pit border irrespective of the liquid present during drying. It is shown that this must involve considerable creep in the radial strands. Permanent aspiration must only occur when the liquid promotes bonding between the membrane and the border, and the probability that this is hydrogen bonding is discussed.
TL;DR: The sterols of Cliona celata have been identified as cholesterol (predominant), 24-norcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 22,23-dehydrocholesterol, 24-methylenech cholesterol, brassicasterol, fucosterol, β-sitosterol and neospongosterol as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The Falck-Hillarp technique has demonstrated noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine within nerve cell bodies and terminals, and it seems possible that such neurohumorally homogeneous systems have a functional as well as a chemical identity.
Abstract: SEVERAL chemical substances are involved in synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system1–3. The Falck-Hillarp technique4 has demonstrated noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine within nerve cell bodies and terminals5,6 and the belief that these amines act as neurohumours is strengthened by observations that nerve fibre activation leads to their release from the terminals7,8. Histo-chemical evidence suggests that discrete systems of neurones can be identified by their content of particular amines, and it seems possible that such neurohumorally homogeneous systems have a functional as well as a chemical identity. Before the anatomical distribution of amine-containing neurones had been described, Brodie and Shore9 proposed that noradrenaline functions as the central neurohumour of the sympathetic and 5-hydroxytryptamine of the parasympathetic system. This suggestion has not been supported by anatomical evidence; the amine-containing neurones form systems of small diameter fibres of very diffuse terminal distribution, which do not correspond to recognized ascending or descending pathways5,6, although amine-containing neurones in invertebrates have been identified as sensory systems10.
TL;DR: It is concluded that folic acid deficiency is not a cause of congenital fetal malformation and no association was found between a low serum folate level and congenital malformation of the fetus either in the index pregnancy or in previous pregnancies.
TL;DR: The use of fish-parasites as biological tags may become an efficient method of tracing the origin of some migratory fish by identifying individual fish from each locality by its parasite-fauna and especially by the level of certain indicator-Parasites.
Abstract: The use of fish-parasites as biological tags may become an efficient method of tracing the origin of some migratory fish. The helminth parasites of flounders Platichthys flesus (L.) from 2 estuaries and from the sea within a 40 mile range were recorded, and an attempt was made to explain the level of infestation of each species of parasite in the 3 localities in relation to their life-history and the physical nature of the environment. The flounders from the 3 localities were shown to have dissimilar parasite-faunas, and, therefore, it was possible to characterize the parasite-fauna for each of the 3 groups of flounders. Individual fish from each locality could be recognized by its parasite-fauna and especially by the level of certain indicator-parasites. Similarly, “foreign” flounders moving into a flounder population could be picked out by the markedly different composition of their parasite-fauna. Podocotyle sp. and Zoogonoides viviparus were useful indicator-parasites in this instance.
TL;DR: This study suggests that there are α-adrenergic receptors in the bronchial muscle of asthmatics, and that histamine sensitivity in asthma is due to hypersensitivity of these receptors.
Abstract: Histamine induced bronchoconstriction was significantly reduced in 6 patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma by thymoxamine, a specific α-adrenergic 3 . Mean pulse rate and blood pressure in 6 asthmatic patients after intravenous thymoxamine (0 · 2 μg/kg) Mean Mean pulse rate blood pressure Basal 77 124 79 Immediate 81 118 76 5 min 80 119 77 10 min 80 120 81 15 min 80 117 79 30 min 80 117 78 60 min 77 119 81 receptor blocking drug. This study suggests that there are α-adrenergic receptors in the bronchial muscle of asthmatics, and that histamine sensitivity in asthma is due to hypersensitivity of these receptors.
TL;DR: In this article, the transverse aether drag experienced when light passes through a refracting medium moving at right angles to the original direction of the light, and confirmed indirectly by Airy's water-filled telescope experiment, has been observed directly.
Abstract: The transverse 'Fresnel aether drag' experienced when light passes through a refracting medium moving at right angles to the original direction of the light, and confirmed indirectly by Airy's water-filled telescope experiment, has been observed directly. In principle a beam of light is projected through a rotating disk of glass, and the consequent transverse displacement of the beam is measured by using a photoelectric alinement technique in which one grid is imaged on another. The main difficulties in the experiment arise from displacements of the light beam due to other causes: optical inhomogeneities in the disk, skewness in its mounting, and changes in its figure due to centrifugal force. These disturbances are reduced by more than a thousand-fold by making the light traverse the disk twice, by using two observing systems at opposite ends of a diameter, and by an optical correction device for inhomogeneities analogous to the corrector bar on a lead screw. For light traversing a disk of 2.465 cm thickness and refractive index 1.524 at an operating radius of 13.75 cm, when the disk is reversed from +1501.9 to -1501.9 rev/min the displacement observed is 6.175 nm $\pm $ 0.016 nm standard deviation. The displacement (to be expected from the Fresnel aether drag formula is 6.174 nm.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that approximately 20% of the coastline of the Highlands is fringed by sand accumulations in the form of dunes, links or machair, and the largest sand surfaces are found in the machair plains of the Uists.
Abstract: : Approximately 20 per cent of the coastline of the Highlands (Land lying West and North of the Highland Boundary Fault) excluding islands, is fringed by sand accumulations in the form of dunes, links or machair. Except where sea walls and promenades protect their seaward edge, dunes are intimately linked to beaches, the margin between dune and beach being a fluctuating zone which is dominated in turn by encroaching waves or prograding vegetation. The largest sand surfaces are found in the machair plains of the Uists; long stretches are also found on the Caithness coast, the south coast of the Moray Firth and Aberdeenshire. (Author)
TL;DR: In this paper, detailed field mapping in three massifs of the central Andes of Peru indicates that there are four glacial moraine stages and the oldest moraine stage may be of late Wisconsin/Weichselian age.
Abstract: Detailed field mapping in three massifs of the central Andes of Peru indicates that there are four glacial moraine stages. Historical evidence and correlation with Patagonia and South Georgia suggest that the three youngest stages relate to Neoglacial re-advances which culminated before 4000 b.p., between a.d. 1750 and 1800 and during the late nineteenth century. The oldest moraine stage may be of late Wisconsin/Weichselian age. The absence of older moraines suggests that the Peruvian Andes were not high enough earlier in the Pleistocene to support larger glaciers.
TL;DR: Certain amino acids inhibited, others stimulated growth of Pseudomonas group III/IV in vitro, but on leaves numbers of bacteria could not be correlated with natural levels of specific amino acids, and levels of amino acids in droplets increased as plants aged.
Abstract: Inhibition of germination of Botrytis cinerea spores by bacteria occurred in water drops placed on mature (9-week-old or over) beetroot plants but not on younger plants (6-week-old). Numbers of bacteria were higher in water drops on mature plants and species composition changed in relation to plant age. Of 9 isolates of bacteria tested in vitro a pale yellow Pseudomonas group III/IV species caused the most inhibition of germination of B. cinerea spores. Numbers of Pseudomonas group III/IV isolated both from water droplets on leaves and unwetted leaves increased in relation to plant age. On older leaves indirect evidence indicated that the bacterium may have colonized internal parts. Levels of amino acids in droplets increased as plants aged. Of 16 different amino acids the lowest concentrations were recorded on youngest (6-week-old) plants. On 10-, 13- and 16-week-old plants levels of individual amino acids were not so clearly related to plant age. Certain amino acids inhibited, others stimulated growth of Pseudomonas group III/IV in vitro , but on leaves numbers of bacteria could not be correlated with natural levels of specific amino acids.
TL;DR: Twenty‐one normal women were studied in their first and second pregnancies, finding no difference between the two pregnancies in the red cell volume, urinary oestriol excretion, serum electrolytes and osmolality.
TL;DR: In this article, exposure of Lolium perenne to conditions which favour the development of cold hardiness resulted in an accumulation in the leaves of proline, serine, glycine, glutamic acid and glutamine.
TL;DR: ‘Accessory yolk nuclei’ were observed in the oocyte cortex and have membrane bound vesicles at their surface, the contents of which are considered to be passed into the vitelline membrane.