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Institution

University of Aberdeen

EducationAberdeen, United Kingdom
About: University of Aberdeen is a education organization based out in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 21174 authors who have published 49962 publications receiving 2105479 citations. The organization is also known as: Aberdeen University.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the presence of a competing species can considerably reduce the extent to which dispersal is selected upwards at an expanding front, which has important implications for understanding both the rate of spread of invasive species and the range-shifting dynamics of native species in response to climate change.
Abstract: During range-advance, individuals on the expanding edge of the population face a unique selective environment. In this study, we use a three-trait trade-off model to explore the evolution of dispersal, reproduction and competitive ability during range expansion. We show that range expansion greatly affects the evolution of life-history traits due to differing selection pressures at the front of the range compared with those found in stationary and core populations. During range expansion, dispersal and reproduction are selected for on the expanding population front, whereas traits associated with fitness at equilibrium density (competitive ability) show dramatic declines. Additionally, we demonstrate that the presence of a competing species can considerably reduce the extent to which dispersal is selected upwards at an expanding front. These findings have important implications for understanding both the rate of spread of invasive species and the range-shifting dynamics of native species in response to climate change.

397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2010-Thorax
TL;DR: Pooled estimates for different types of fuel show that exposure to wood smoke while performing domestic work presents a greater risk of development of COPD and chronic bronchitis than other fuels.
Abstract: Background Over half the world is exposed daily to the smoke from combustion of solid fuels. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main contributors to the global burden of disease and can be caused by biomass smoke exposure. However, studies of biomass exposure and COPD show a wide range of effect sizes. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the impact of biomass smoke on the development of COPD and define reasons for differences in the reported effect sizes. Methods A systematic review was conducted of studies with sufficient statistical power to calculate the health risk of COPD from the use of solid fuel, which followed standardised criteria for the diagnosis of COPD and which dealt with confounding factors. The results were pooled by fuel type and country to produce summary estimates using a random effects model. Publication bias was also estimated. Results There were positive associations between the use of solid fuels and COPD (OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.85 to 4.0) and chronic bronchitis (OR=2.32, 95% CI 1.92 to 2.80). Pooled estimates for different types of fuel show that exposure to wood smoke while performing domestic work presents a greater risk of development of COPD and chronic bronchitis than other fuels. Conclusion Despite heterogeneity across the selected studies, exposure to solid fuel smoke is consistently associated with COPD and chronic bronchitis. Efforts should be made to reduce exposure to solid fuel by using either cleaner fuel or relatively cleaner technology while performing domestic work.

397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theory to predict changes in axial leakage flux resulting from stator winding interturn shorts and an algorithm to locate the position of the faulted coil was developed.
Abstract: One major cause of motor failures is breakdown of the turn insulation leading to puncture of the groundwall. Early detection of interturn shorts during motor operation would eliminate consequential damage to adjacent coils and the stator core reducing repair costs and motor outage time. In addition to the benefits gained from early detection of turn insulation breakdown, significant advantages would accrue by locating the faulted coil within the stator winding. Fault location would not only increase the speed of the repair, but would also permit more optimal scheduling of the repair outage. This work was successful in practically implementing a theory to predict changes in the axial leakage flux resulting from stator winding interturn shorts and in developing an algorithm to locate the position of the faulted coil. An experimental setup consisting of a 200 hp motor loaded by a generator was used to validate this theory. Suitable transducers were developed and installed on this motor. Measurement using this experimental configuration clearly validated the theoretical model. On the basis of this experimental work an instrument to continuously monitor for shorted turns is under development. >

395 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Wannes Hubau1, Wannes Hubau2, Wannes Hubau3, Simon L. Lewis3, Simon L. Lewis4, Oliver L. Phillips3, Kofi Affum-Baffoe5, Hans Beeckman1, Aida Cuni-Sanchez4, Aida Cuni-Sanchez6, Armandu K. Daniels, Corneille E. N. Ewango7, Corneille E. N. Ewango8, Sophie Fauset9, Jaccques M. Mukinzi10, Jaccques M. Mukinzi8, Douglas Sheil11, Bonaventure Sonké12, Martin J. P. Sullivan3, Martin J. P. Sullivan13, Terry Sunderland14, Terry Sunderland15, Hermann Taedoumg16, Hermann Taedoumg12, Sean C. Thomas17, Lee J. T. White18, Katharine Abernethy18, Stephen Adu-Bredu19, C. Amani15, Timothy R. Baker3, Lindsay F. Banin, Fidèle Baya, Serge K. Begne3, Serge K. Begne12, Amy C. Bennett3, Fabrice Bénédet20, Fabrice Bénédet21, Robert Bitariho22, Yannick Enock Bocko23, Pascal Boeckx2, Patrick Boundja15, Patrick Boundja8, Roel J. W. Brienen3, Terry Brncic8, Eric Chezeaux, George B. Chuyong24, Connie J. Clark25, Murray Collins26, James A. Comiskey27, James A. Comiskey28, David A. Coomes29, Greta C. Dargie3, Thalès de Haulleville1, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem24, Jean-Louis Doucet30, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert3, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert31, Ted R. Feldpausch32, Alusine Fofanah, Ernest G. Foli19, Martin Gilpin3, Emanuel Gloor3, Christelle Gonmadje, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury21, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury20, Jefferson S. Hall33, Alan Hamilton34, David Harris35, Terese B. Hart36, Terese B. Hart37, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba8, Annette Hladik, Suspense Averti Ifo23, Kathryn J. Jeffery18, Tommaso Jucker38, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu7, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu2, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu1, Elizabeth Kearsley2, Elizabeth Kearsley1, David Kenfack33, Alexander K. Koch39, Alexander K. Koch4, Miguel E. Leal8, Aurora Levesley3, Jeremy A. Lindsell40, Janvier Lisingo7, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez3, Jon C. Lovett3, Jon C. Lovett41, Jean-Remy Makana7, Yadvinder Malhi42, Andrew R. Marshall43, Andrew R. Marshall6, Jim Martin44, Emanuel H. Martin, Faustin M. Mbayu7, Vincent P. Medjibe25, Vianet Mihindou, Edward T. A. Mitchard26, Sam Moore42, Pantaleo K. T. Munishi45, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Lucas Ojo, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Kelvin S.-H. Peh29, Kelvin S.-H. Peh46, Georgia Pickavance3, Axel Dalberg Poulsen35, John R. Poulsen25, Lan Qie47, Lan Qie3, Jan Reitsma, Francesco Rovero48, Michael D. Swaine49, Joey Talbot3, James Taplin50, David Taylor51, Duncan W. Thomas52, Benjamin Toirambe1, John Tshibamba Mukendi1, John Tshibamba Mukendi7, Darlington Tuagben, Peter M. Umunay53, Peter M. Umunay8, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden54, Hans Verbeeck2, Jason Vleminckx55, Jason Vleminckx56, Simon Willcock57, Hannsjörg Wöll, John T. Woods58, Lise Zemagho12 
Royal Museum for Central Africa1, Ghent University2, University of Leeds3, University College London4, Forestry Commission5, University of York6, University of Kisangani7, Wildlife Conservation Society8, University of Plymouth9, World Wide Fund for Nature10, Norwegian University of Life Sciences11, University of Yaoundé I12, Manchester Metropolitan University13, University of British Columbia14, Center for International Forestry Research15, Bioversity International16, University of Toronto17, University of Stirling18, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana19, University of Montpellier20, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement21, Mbarara University of Science and Technology22, Marien Ngouabi University23, University of Buea24, Duke University25, University of Edinburgh26, Smithsonian Institution27, National Park Service28, University of Cambridge29, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech30, University of Birmingham31, University of Exeter32, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute33, Chinese Academy of Sciences34, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh35, American Museum of Natural History36, African Wildlife Foundation37, University of Bristol38, University of Hong Kong39, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds40, Royal Botanic Gardens41, Environmental Change Institute42, University of the Sunshine Coast43, Fleming College44, Sokoine University of Agriculture45, University of Southampton46, University of Lincoln47, University of Florence48, University of Aberdeen49, Innovate UK50, National University of Singapore51, Washington State University Vancouver52, Yale University53, University of Nottingham54, Université libre de Bruxelles55, Florida International University56, Bangor University57, University of Liberia58
04 Mar 2020-Nature
TL;DR: Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s and independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass reinforce the conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked.
Abstract: Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest ‘carbon sink’ will continue for decades. Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53–0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests. Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth’s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth’s climate.

395 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: CLRs play an essential role in immunity to fungi and mycobacteria and are involved in the regulation of homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy.

395 citations


Authors

Showing all 21424 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Ian J. Deary1661795114161
Peter A. R. Ade1621387138051
David W. Johnson1602714140778
Pete Smith1562464138819
Naveed Sattar1551326116368
John R. Hodges14981282709
Ruth J. F. Loos14264792485
Alan J. Silman14170892864
Michael J. Keating140116976353
David Price138168793535
John D. Scott13562583878
Aarno Palotie12971189975
Rajat Gupta126124072881
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023141
2022362
20212,195
20202,118
20191,846
20181,894