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Institution

University of Aberdeen

EducationAberdeen, United Kingdom
About: University of Aberdeen is a education organization based out in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 21174 authors who have published 49962 publications receiving 2105479 citations. The organization is also known as: Aberdeen University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study has demonstrated for the first time a functional IFN-γ homologue in a fish species, strongly suggesting a conserved Th1 immune response is most likely present in lower vertebrates.
Abstract: IFN-gamma is one of the key cytokines in defining Th1 immune responses. In this study, an IFN-gamma homologue has been identified in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and its biological activities have been characterized. The trout IFN-gamma cDNA is 1034 bp in length and translates into a 180-aa protein. The first intron of the trout IFN-gamma gene contains highly polymorphic GACA minisatellites and 44-bp DNA repeats, giving rise to at least six alleles. IFN-gamma is structurally conserved among vertebrates, and a signature motif has been identified. A nuclear localization sequence known to be crucial for IFN-gamma biological activities is also present in the C-terminal region of the trout IFN-gamma. The IFN-gamma expression was induced in head kidney leukocytes by stimulation with PHA or poly(I:C) and in kidney and spleen of fish injected with poly(I:C). rIFN-gamma produced in Escherichia coli significantly stimulated gene expression of IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (gammaIP-10), MHC class II beta-chain, and STAT1, and enhanced respiratory burst activity in macrophages. Deletion of 29-aa residues from the C terminus containing the nuclear localization sequence motif resulted in loss of activity with respect to induction of gammaIP-10 in RTS-11 cells. Moreover, IFN-gamma-induced gammaIP-10 expression was completely abolished by the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, and partially reduced by U0126, a specific inhibitor for ERKs. Taken together, the present study has demonstrated for the first time a functional IFN-gamma homologue in a fish species, strongly suggesting a conserved Th1 immune response is most likely present in lower vertebrates.

373 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The morphology of tubules in the Co-culture assay appears more representative of capillary formation in vivo, than the endothelial cell changes that occur in either form of Matrigel assay.
Abstract: Angiogenesis assays are an important tool for studying both the mechanisms of angiogenesis and the potential development of therapeutic strategies to modulate neovascularisation. In vivo angiogenesis assays are considered to be the most informative of these but are often expensive, time-consuming and require specialist training to perform. In vitro assays tend to be more rapid, less expensive and easier to interpret. In vitro angiogenesis assays operate on the principle that endothelial cells form tubule-like structures when cultured on a supportive matrix. Assays involving a matrix derived from murine tumours, Matrigel (or a growth factor reduced form of this), are now the most common in vitro tubule formation assays. However, another tubule formation assay has recently been developed in which endothelial cells are co-cultured with fibroblasts. Here, we have used quantitative image analysis to compare the morphological features of tubules formed in the Matrigel assay and this new 'Co-culture' assay, with those of capillaries formed in a microvascular bed in vivo. Tubules formed in standard and growth factor reduced Matrigel assays were short and relatively homogeneous, whereas those formed in the Co-culture assay were significantly more heterogeneous, consisting of both short and long interconnecting tubules that more closely resembled capillaries than Matrigel tubules. Moreover, cells on Matrigel, and to a lesser extent growth factor reduced (GFR) Matrigel, often clumped into large cell aggregates, a feature rarely seen in the Co-culture assay. In addition, we demonstrate that Matrigel stimulates tubule formation by various non-endothelial cell types, suggesting that tubule formation by endothelial cells may not represent true differentiation of this cell type. In summary, the morphology of tubules in the Co-culture assay appears more representative of capillary formation in vivo, than the endothelial cell changes that occur in either form of Matrigel assay.

373 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The general biology of primary cilia is covered, the current situation with regard to their understanding of their relevance and importance in cell biology is highlighted, and future work aimed at answering some basic and applied questions about them are outlined.

372 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Growth and activity of only archaeal but not bacterial ammonia oxidizer communities strongly suggest that AOA, but not AOB, control nitrification in these two acidic soils.

372 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The unexpectedly high diversity in the bare soil and sedge monoculture likely reflects differences in the modes of colonization and sources of inoculum in these treatments compared with the assemblages containing established AM-compatible plants.
Abstract: Summary • The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was investigated in an unfertilized limestone grassland soil supporting different synthesized vascular plant assemblages that had developed for 3 yr. • The experimental treatments comprised: bare soil; monocultures of the nonmycotrophic sedge Carex flacca; monocultures of the mycotrophic grass Festuca ovina; and a species-rich mixture of four forbs, four grasses and four sedges. The diversity of AM fungi was analysed in roots of Plantago lanceolata bioassay seedlings using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The extent of AM colonization, shoot biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were also measured. • The AM diversity was affected significantly by the floristic composition of the microcosms and shoot phosphorus concentration was positively correlated with AM diversity. The diversity of AM fungi in P. lanceolata decreased in the order: bare soil > C. flacca > 12 species > F. ovina. • The unexpectedly high diversity in the bare soil and sedge monoculture likely reflects differences in the modes of colonization and sources of inoculum in these treatments compared with the assemblages containing established AM-compatible plants.

372 citations


Authors

Showing all 21424 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Ian J. Deary1661795114161
Peter A. R. Ade1621387138051
David W. Johnson1602714140778
Pete Smith1562464138819
Naveed Sattar1551326116368
John R. Hodges14981282709
Ruth J. F. Loos14264792485
Alan J. Silman14170892864
Michael J. Keating140116976353
David Price138168793535
John D. Scott13562583878
Aarno Palotie12971189975
Rajat Gupta126124072881
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023141
2022362
20212,195
20202,118
20191,846
20181,894