University of Aberdeen

About: University of Aberdeen is a education organization based out in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 21174 authors who have published 49962 publications receiving 2105479 citations. The organization is also known as: Aberdeen University.

“Class matters”: human and social capital in the entrepreneurial process

Abstract: This paper explores how entrepreneurial family background impacts upon the development of social and human capital resources and demonstrates how these affect the profitability and growth of new enterprise. Through a qualitative approach, we found that those entrepreneurs from higher socio-economic groupings had high endowments of human capital. Significantly, their businesses were characterised by greater profitability and growth potential. Those entrepreneurs also had social networks characterised by high endowments of human capital. Consequently entrepreneurs from higher socio-economic class had access to highly effective business support, and these networks provided a ‘platform’ from which opportunities could be both recognised and realised.

Changing incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Scotland: a 15-year study.

Abstract: ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Scotland from 1980 to 1995.Design:Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Setting:Data were obtained from the National Health Service Information and Statistics Division and analyzed in terms of age- and gender-specific

Reshaping a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Inhibit Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Vivo

Abstract: We transferred the complementarity determining regions from a murine monoclonal antibody that neutralizes infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody. The resulting reshaped human antibody lost affinity for RSV, but an additional alteration to one of the framework regions restored binding affinity and specificity. This second generation reshaped human monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with all clinical isolates of RSV tested and both prevented disease and cured mice even when administered four days after infection. We expect the antibody will prove useful in the management of this major childhood disease.

Protein geranylgeranylation is required for osteoclast formation, function, and survival: inhibition by bisphosphonates and GGTI-298.

Abstract: Bisphosphonates are the important class of antiresorptive drugs used in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Although their molecular mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, recent studies have shown that the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates can inhibit protein prenylation in macrophages in vitro. In this study, we show that the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates risedronate, zoledronate, ibandronate, alendronate, and pamidronate (but not the non nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates clodronate, etidronate, and tiludronate) prevent the incorporation of [14C]mevalonate into prenylated (farnesylated and geranylgeranylated) proteins in purified rabbit osteoclasts. The inhibitory effect of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on bone resorption is likely to result largely from the loss of geranylgeranylated proteins rather than loss of farnesylated proteins in osteoclasts, because concentrations of GGTI-298 (a specific inhibitor of geranylgeranyl transferase I) that inhibited protein geranylgeranylation in purified rabbit osteoclasts prevented osteoclast formation in murine bone marrow cultures, disrupted the osteoclast cytoskeleton, inhibited bone resorption, and induced apoptosis in isolated chick and rabbit osteoclasts in vitro. By contrast, concentrations of FTI-277 (a specific inhibitor of farnesyl transferase) that prevented protein farnesylation in purified rabbit osteoclasts had little effect on osteoclast morphology or apoptosis and did not inhibit bone resorption. These results therefore show the molecular mechanism of action of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate drugs in osteoclasts and highlight the fundamental importance of geranylgeranylated proteins in osteoclast formation and function.

A systematic literature review of factors affecting outcome in older medical patients admitted to hospital.

Abstract: Introduction: the ACMEplus project aims to devise a standardised system for measuring case-mix and outcome in older patients admitted to hospitals in different parts of Europe for primarily ‘medical’ (i.e. not surgical or psychiatric) reasons. As a Wrst step in this project, a systematic review was carried out to identify factors which had a signiWcant inXuence on outcome in such patients. Methods: the systematic search used Medline 1966–2000, Cinahl 1982–2000, Web of Science 1981–2000, reference lists of relevant papers and a hand search of Age and Ageing 1974–2000. A six-category grading system was devised to classify the 313 identiWed papers with regard to their relevance to the ACMEplus project, study design and power. The analysis of the 14 ‘category 1’ papers is presented. Results: the main areas of assessment of case-mix were function, cognition, depression, illness severity, nutrition, social elements, aspects of diagnosis and demographic details. Statistically signiWcant predictors, for the four outcome measures, listed below were: