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Institution

University of Aberdeen

EducationAberdeen, United Kingdom
About: University of Aberdeen is a education organization based out in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Randomized controlled trial. The organization has 21174 authors who have published 49962 publications receiving 2105479 citations. The organization is also known as: Aberdeen University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the extent to which tropical forests sustain timber production, retain species, and conserve carbon stocks is examined, and some improvements in tropical forestry and how their implementation can be promoted.
Abstract: Most tropical forests outside protected areas have been or will be selectively logged so it is essential to maximize the conservation values of partially harvested areas. Here we examine the extent to which these forests sustain timber production, retain species, and conserve carbon stocks. We then describe some improvements in tropical forestry and how their implementation can be promoted. A simple meta-analysis based on >100 publications revealed substantial variability but that: timber yields decline by about 46% after the first harvest but are subsequently sustained at that level; 76% of carbon is retained in once-logged forests; and, 85‐100% of species of mammals, birds, invertebrates, and plants remain after logging. Timber stocks will not regain primary-forest levels within current harvest cycles, but yields increase if collateral damage is reduced and silvicultural treatments are applied. Given that selectively logged forests retain substantial biodiversity, carbon, and timber stocks, this “middle way” between deforestation and total protection deserves more attention from researchers, conservation organizations, and policy-makers. Improvements in forest management are now likely if synergies are enhanced among initiatives to retain forest carbon stocks (REDD+), assure the legality of forest products, certify responsible management, and devolve control over forests to empowered local communities.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Dec 2013-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Climate impacts of global warming is assessed using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disastrous impacts on today’s young people, future generations, and nature.
Abstract: We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disas- trous impacts on today's young people, future genera- tions, and nature. A cumulative industrial-era limit of ,500 GtC fossil fuel emissions and 100 GtC storage in the biosphere and soil would keep climate close to the Holocene range to which humanity and other species are adapted. Cumulative emissions of ,1000 GtC, sometimes associated with 2uC global warming, would spur ''slow'' feedbacks and eventual warming of 3-4uC with disastrous consequences. Rapid emissions reduction is required to restore Earth's energy balance and avoid ocean heat uptake that would practically guarantee irreversible effects. Continuation of high fossil fuel emissions, given current knowledge of the consequences, would be an act of extraordinary witting intergenerational injustice. Re- sponsible policymaking requires a rising price on carbon emissions that would preclude emissions from most remaining coal and unconventional fossil fuels and phase down emissions from conventional fossil fuels.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An assessment of the mitigation potential possible in the AFOLU sector under possible future scenarios in which demand-side measures codeliver to aid food security concludes that while supply-side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand- side mitigation measures should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas mitigation.
Abstract: Feeding 9-10billion people by 2050 and preventing dangerous climate change are two of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Both challenges must be met while reducing the impact of land management on ecosystem services that deliver vital goods and services, and support human health and well-being. Few studies to date have considered the interactions between these challenges. In this study we briefly outline the challenges, review the supply- and demand-side climate mitigation potential available in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AFOLU sector and options for delivering food security. We briefly outline some of the synergies and trade-offs afforded by mitigation practices, before presenting an assessment of the mitigation potential possible in the AFOLU sector under possible future scenarios in which demand-side measures codeliver to aid food security. We conclude that while supply-side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand-side mitigation measures, such as reduced waste or demand for livestock products, should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. Demand-side measures offer a greater potential (1.5-15.6Gt CO2-eq. yr(-1)) in meeting both challenges than do supply-side measures (1.5-4.3Gt CO2-eq. yr(-1) at carbon prices between 20 and 100US$ tCO(2)-eq. yr(-1)), but given the enormity of challenges, all options need to be considered. Supply-side measures should be implemented immediately, focussing on those that allow the production of more agricultural product per unit of input. For demand-side measures, given the difficulties in their implementation and lag in their effectiveness, policy should be introduced quickly, and should aim to codeliver to other policy agenda, such as improving environmental quality or improving dietary health. These problems facing humanity in the 21st Century are extremely challenging, and policy that addresses multiple objectives is required now more than ever.

507 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the volume of a state's basin of attraction is used to quantify stability against substantial perturbations in real-world networks and points towards a plausible explanation for regularity in realworld networks.
Abstract: Linear-stability measures for assessing the state of a dynamical system are inherently local, and thus insufficient to quantify stability against substantial perturbations. The volume of a state’s basin of attraction offers a powerful alternative—and points towards a plausible explanation for regularity in real-world networks.

507 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that insulin, like leptin, hyperpolarizes lean rat hypothalamic glucose-responsive neurons by opening KATP channels, which suggest hypothalamic KatP channel function is crucial to physiological regulation of food intake and body weight.
Abstract: Insulin and leptin receptors are present in hypothalamic regions that control energy homeostasis, and these hormones reduce food intake and body weight in lean, but not obese, Zucker rats. Here we demonstrate that insulin, like leptin, hyperpolarizes lean rat hypothalamic glucose-responsive (GR) neurons by opening KATP channels. These findings suggest hypothalamic K ATP channel function is crucial to physiological regulation of food intake and body weight.

507 citations


Authors

Showing all 21424 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Paul M. Thompson1832271146736
Feng Zhang1721278181865
Ian J. Deary1661795114161
Peter A. R. Ade1621387138051
David W. Johnson1602714140778
Pete Smith1562464138819
Naveed Sattar1551326116368
John R. Hodges14981282709
Ruth J. F. Loos14264792485
Alan J. Silman14170892864
Michael J. Keating140116976353
David Price138168793535
John D. Scott13562583878
Aarno Palotie12971189975
Rajat Gupta126124072881
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023141
2022362
20212,195
20202,118
20191,846
20181,894