University of Adelaide

About: University of Adelaide is a education organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 27251 authors who have published 79167 publications receiving 2671128 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Adelaide & Adelaide University.

Controversies Revisited : A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although mental health concerns are known to occur commonly for those with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), the nature of this comorbid relationship has not been systematically reviewed to date. A review in 2007 identified 5 controversies regarding anxiety/depression rates and various comparators between and within IBD. We aimed to systematically analyze and critique the current evidence regarding this comorbidity, providing an update to the 5 controversies. METHODS: Ebscohost Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychINFO were searched between 2005 and 2014 using systematic review methodology. Controlled quantitative studies examining either symptoms or diagnoses of anxiety and depression in IBD were included in the review, with study quality assessed using a scale developed a priori to evaluate observational research. RESULTS: (1) IBD versus healthy controls (pooled mean proportions) (n = 13 studies): anxiety 19.1% versus 9.6%, depression 21.2% versus 13.4%; (2) IBD inactive versus IBD active disease (n = 26): anxiety 28.2% versus 66.4%, depression 19.9% versus 34.7%; (3) ulcerative colitis versus Crohn's disease (n = 28): anxiety 31% versus 37%, depression 22% versus 24.4%; (4) IBD versus other chronic medical conditions (n = 17): anxiety 41.9% versus 48.2%, depression 14.5% versus 28.4%; (5) onset of anxiety/depression before or after IBD onset (n = 2): adults more likely to develop anxiety/depression before IBD onset, but a substantial proportion develops depression after onset; an increased risk for children of developing anxiety/depression after IBD onset. CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of anxiety and depression for those with IBD, particularly when disease is active, warrant a systemic approach to screening and treatment.

A review of 3-D packaging technology

Abstract: This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in three-dimensional (3-D) packaging technology for very large scale integration (VLSI). A number of bare dice and multichip module (MCM) stacking technologies are emerging to meet the ever increasing demands for low power consumption, low weight and compact portable systems. Vertical interconnect techniques are reviewed in detail. Technical issues such as silicon efficiency, complexity, thermal management, interconnection density, speed, power etc. are critical in the choice of 3-D stacking technology, depending on the target application, and are briefly discussed.

Plant uptake of radiocaesium: a review of mechanisms, regulation and application.

Abstract: Soil contamination with radiocaesium (Cs) has a long-term radiological impact because it is readily transferred through food chains to human beings. Plant uptake is the major pathway for the migration of radiocaesium from soil to human diet. The plant-related factors that control the uptake of radiocaesium are reviewed. Of these, K supply exerts the greatest influence on Cs uptake from solution. It appears that the uptake of radiocaesium is operated mainly by two transport pathways on plant root cell membranes, namely the K(+) transporter and the K(+) channel pathway. Cationic interactions between K and Cs on isolated K-channels or K transporters are in agreement with studies using intact plants. The K(+) transporter functioning at low external potassium concentration (often <0.3 mM) shows little discrimination against Cs(+), while the K(+) channel is dominant at high external potassium concentration with high discrimination against Cs(+). Caesium has a high mobility within plants. Although radiocaesium is most likely taken up by the K transport systems within the plant, the Cs:K ratio is not uniform within the plant. Difference in internal Cs concentration (when expressed on a dry mass basis) may vary by a factor of 20 between different plant species grown under similar conditions. Phytoremediation may be a possible option to decontaminate radiocaesium-contaminated soils, but its major limitation is that it takes an excessively long time (tens of years) and produces large volumes of waste.

Large-scale Tropical Atlantic surface circulation patterns associated with Subsaharan weather anomalies

Abstract: Identification is made of the Tropical Atlantic (30° N–30° S) surface atmospheric and oceanic patterns of a data set composited for 5 years which were very dry in Subsaharan West Africa (11–20°N). Patterns for a counterpart wet composite data set are also presented. Sixty-year (1911–70) average fields constitute a background reference. For the rainy season (July–September) of the dry composite, the Tropical Atlantic near-equatorial pressure trough, kinematic axis separating Northern and Southern Hemisphere Trades, and zone of maximum sea surface temperature (SST) are located 200–300 km south of their 60-year average positions. Concurrently, the North Atlantic subtropical high (NAH) extends further equatorward than average, although its centre lies up to 150 km north of its mean latitude. Both Northeast and Southeast Trades are stronger than average, and negative and positive SST anomalies occur north and south of approximately 10° N, respectively. Some of these anomalies evolved during the preceding January-June, which offers encouragement that Subsaharan droughts may be predictable 3 to 6 months in advance. Patterns for July–September of the wet composite contain fewer and less pronounced anomalies. The NAH is centred 100–150 km further north and extends less equatorward than average, the kinematic axis lies 100–150 km north of its mean latitude, and the Trades are weak in many areas. Except for the northward displacement of the NAH centre, these anomalies are opposite to those for the dry composite July–September. The wet composite July–September anomalies did not evolve during preceding seasons. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00839.x

Vygotsky's philosophy: Constructivism and its criticisms examined

Abstract: Criticisms have recently been voiced of constructivism, the leading metaphor of human learning since the 1970s. Inspired by inconsistencies in interpretations of constructivism in current literature, we examine the underlying epistemological beliefs of popular constructivist theories and their criticisms. We find that popular constructivist claims and criticisms, instead of being based on contrasting philosophical ideas, are similarly grounded on the dualist separatism of the human mind and the external world. We then present our interpretation of Vygotsky’s historical-dialectical-monist philosophy, through discussions of Vygotskyan concepts including social environment of learning, the role of language, and individual consciousness. The paper concludes that confusions about Vygotsky’s theory often arise from concepts taken literally and from the lack of appreciation of the general philosophical orientation underpinning his works. Constructivism, criticisms, Vygotsky’s philosophy, historical-dialectical-monism, paradigmatic philosophy