Showing papers by "University of Alabama at Birmingham published in 1969"
TL;DR: Of the regions showing definite sexual dimorphism in growth, the pelvic inlet and sciatic notch are the more variable because of their dependency on two separate anatomical systems for their final adult morphological configuration.
Abstract: The study of individual patterns of longitudinal growth of the bony pelvic complex reveals the following findings concerning the sex differences in the growth of the bony pelvis.
(1) The patterns of growth show the same individual variability and male-female overlap as the adult configuration of pelves.
(2) The sex differences in the adult bony pelvis cannot be attributed to the differential response of one bone to sex hormone.
(3) Sex differences develop from complicated variations in rates and direction of growth of local areas of the pelvic complex.
(4) The superior functional division of the bony pelvis shows only one notable sex difference — the sexual dimorphism of the directional growth of the anterior one-half of the iliac crest.
(5) The inferior functional division of the bony pelvis shows numerous local areas of sexually dimorphic growth, but the major sex differences result from the greater lateral migration of the ischia.
(6) Of the regions showing definite sexual dimorphism in growth, the pelvic inlet and sciatic notch are the more variable because of their dependency on two separate anatomical systems for their final adult morphological configuration. The subpubic angle and length of the superior pubic ramus are directly associated with only one anatomical system, the enlargement of the pelvic cavity, thus, they show less variability and more definitive sex difference.
116 citations
TL;DR: On the basis of calculations of indenter penetration, softened enamel was shown to have gradients of mineral density from the surface inwards depending upon the demineralization method, which indicated a stoichiometric dissolution and redeposition of hydroxyapatite in the enamel.
101 citations
TL;DR: The status of the palatal shelves of shelves of human fetuses (before, during and after palatal shelf elevation) was correlated with mouth opening reflexes recorded cinematographically by Doctor Davenport Hooker for many of the same fetuses, and factors influencing closure are discussed.
Abstract: The status of the palatal shelves of shelves of human fetuses (before, during and after palatal shelf elevation) was correlated with mouth opening reflexes recorded cinematographically by Doctor Davenport Hooker for many of the same fetuses. Some deductions and conclusions follow.
Mouth opening reflexes begin before palatal shelf elevation and are a significant factor in tongue withdrawal from between the vertical shelves through traction resulting from mandibular depression. (2) The upward pull on the palatal shelves created by differences in pressure between the closed nasal area and the oral region when the tongue is withdrawn (epithelial plugs fill external nares completely) is an active force for palatal shelf elevation. (3) Palatal shelf movements are variable in character and closure sometimes results in the shelf borders enfolding each other. (4) On mouth closure, pressure on the shelves by the tongue and the amniotic fluid entering the mouth helps maintain shelf position before fusion. (5) Human palatal shelf elevation without shelf contact in the midline is not necessarily part of normal closure, but, especially if the shelves are far apart, a stage in cleft palate formation. (6) Increased mandibular growth follows rather than precedes tongue withdrawal. Other factors influencing closure are discussed.
97 citations
TL;DR: The natural hemagglutinin of the oyster Crassostrea virginica was examined for possible structural relationship with vertebrate immunoglobulins, but data do not demonstrate obvious structural similarities to mammalian immunoglOBulins.
85 citations
TL;DR: Screening of cord and neonatal sera for elevated IgM can be helpful in the search for and definition of this type of disease, and data indicate that subclinical congenital infections with "silent" CNS involvement occur frequently in certain newborn groups and may be an important cause of brain damage that is currently unclassified.
78 citations
TL;DR: Wheeler and Alexander have shown that cytoxan-resistant and sensitive tumors implanted bilaterally in hamsters show the same extent of incorporation of the alkylating agents, cytxan, nitrogen mustard, and thioTEPA into their DNA fractions when these drugs are administered systemically, indicating that the DNA of resistant tumors is just as vulnerable as that of sensitive tumors.
Abstract: One of the frustrating aspects of tumor therapy has been the resistance developed by tumors to the agents used therapeutically. Alkylating agents and ionizing radiation, which are used frequently in tumor therapy at the present time, are designed to cause damage to the DNA of tumor cells such that they can no longer divide. However, it has been demonstrated that both bacterial (1–4) and mammalian cells (5–8) have the ability to repair such damage to their DNA by means of specific enzymic mechanisms.Mammalian cell lines have been isolated which show resistance to specific alkylating agents. After the development of this resistance, these cells show a cross resistance to other types of alkylating agents and X-rays with little or no change in their response to such antimetabolites as amethopterin, mercaptopurine, florodeoxyuridine, and azaserine (9). This suggests that a common mechanism may be responsible for the resistance shown by tumors toward alkylating agents and ionizing radiation. Wheeler and Alexand...
70 citations
TL;DR: A molecular model of the interaction between mononucleotides and polyamino-acids predicts the glycine codon GGG, and suggests RNA evolved before DNA.
Abstract: A molecular model of the interaction between mononucleotides and polyamino-acids predicts the glycine codon GGG, and suggests RNA evolved before DNA.
62 citations
TL;DR: Studies of the adsorption of human salivary proteins, in general, and the enzymes amylase, lysozyme, and neuraminidase, in particular, reveal that these proteins differ in their affinities for the surface of enamel.
Abstract: Studies of the adsorption of human salivary proteins, in general, and the enzymes amylase, lysozyme, and neuraminidase, in particular, reveal that these proteins differ in their affinities for the surface of enamel. The enzymes studied retained their enzyme activity in the adsorbed state. Only amylase was desorbed by water; lysozyme was desorbed by its substrate; and all three enzymes, as well as most other adsorbed proteins, were desorbed by phosphate.
59 citations
TL;DR: There was evidence that modified lysozyme showed decreased antigenicity in rabbits and significant conformational changes accompanied the modification as evaluated by the availability of the disulfide linkages to reduction and the susceptibility of the modified protein to proteolysis.
58 citations
TL;DR: There is a significant level of infectious drug resistance among the intestinal bacteria of the urban population, and r factors conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tetracycline are identified.
Abstract: Raw and treated sewage samples were examined for antibiotic-resistant, lactose-fermenting bacteria. Approximately 1% of the total lactose-fermenting bacteria were multiply resistant. Of these organisms, 50% were capable of transferring all or part of their resistance to a drug-sensitive recipient. Only 43% of those isolated on media containing a single antibiotic were capable of resistance transfer, whereas 57% of those recovered on multiple antibiotic plates transferred resistance. R factors conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and tetracycline; streptomycin and tetracycline; and ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline accounted for 22, 19, and 15%, respectively, of those identified. The data indicate a significant level of infectious drug resistance among the intestinal bacteria of the urban population.
57 citations
TL;DR: The failure of isolated premetamorphic tadpole skin to actively transport sodium may be related to this deficiency and transport-associated Na-K-ATPase was consistently measurable in epidermal homogenates even though the electrical indications of active sodium transport were lost during the separation process.
TL;DR: Chemical and electron microscopic evidence has established the order of the CNBr peptides from the al chain of rat skin and tendon collagen and chicken skin and bone collagen as 0-1-2-4-5-8-3-7-6 for the rat and 6 for the chicken.
TL;DR: Submandibular glands of the opossum have been studied by light and electron microscopy and compared with other mammalian salivary glands to convey saliva toward the oral cavity.
Abstract: Submandibular glands of the opossum have been studied by light and electron microscopy and compared with other mammalian salivary glands. The glands have four parenchymal segments which connect in the order named below to convey saliva toward the oral cavity. 1 Secretory units are elongated branching tubules exhibiting mucous and special serous cell types. Mucous cells predominate and resemble those in other salivary glands. Special serous cells differ from “typical” serous cells. They contain a preponderance of tubular or vesicular endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules which vary from electron lucent to electron opaque. 2 Intercalated ducts are short segments lined by nonsecretory, cuboidal cells. 3 Striated ducts are numerous and lie in the center of the lobule. The duct epithelium has four cell types, designated light cells, dark cells, Type I basal cells, and Type II basal cells. Light cells possess basal infoldings associated with mitochondria, but the other cell types lack this characteristic. 4 Excretory ducts are also lined by four cell types which bear the same names as those of striated ducts. Three of the four cell types are virtually identical to those of striated ducts, but light cells differ. They do not always contain basal infoldings and the supranuclear cytoplasm lacks distinct inner and outer zones.
TL;DR: The kinetics of Salicyluric acid elimination were determined in healthy adult men from urinary excretion and plasma concentration data following intravenous injection of SU or oral administration of salicylate and subsequent blocking of further SU formation by benzoate.
TL;DR: Edman degradation of the appropriate peptides provided evidence that at least one hydroxylamine-sensitive bond of collagen is a peptide (Asn-Gly) bond.
TL;DR: Two types of secretory material, in the form of inclusions which vary in size and electron density, are present in the acinar cells, which contain more mitochondria and less granular endoplasmic reticulum than parotid glands of non‐ruminant mammals.
Abstract: Bovine parotid glands exhibit outstanding structural differences when compared with those of non-ruminant mammals. The acini are tortuous, branched and lined with cells of different heights, imparting a scalloped appearance to acinar lumina. Numerous microvilli, ca. 1.5 μ in length, extend into the lumina and intercellular canaliculi. Intercellular canaliculi measure ca. 3 μ in diameter and interweave in close association with intercellular tissue spaces. Intercellular tissue spaces are separated from the extraacinar spaces across a basal lamina only, whereas junctional complexes guard canaliculi from direct continuity with tissue spaces and/or extraacinar spaces. Flattened cytoplasmic lamellae extend from adjacent acinar cells and loosely interdigitate with one another across the tissue spaces. Acinar cells contain more mitochondria and less granular endoplasmic reticulum than parotid glands of non-ruminant mammals. Two types of secretory material, in the form of inclusions which vary in size and electron density, are present in the acinar cells. Intercalated ducts connect acini with striated ducts which in turn, empty into collecting ducts located between gland lobules. In terms of frequency of “basal infoldings” and numbers of mitochondria, striated ducts of calf parotid glands are not as well developed as those of certain other salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells are most often present at junctions of acini and intercalated ducts where they may attach to both acinar and ductal epithelium. Nerve “terminals” were not observed on the epithelial side of basement membranes in relation to the secretory cells.
TL;DR: These studies suggested that the biosynthesis of methionine in P. aeruginosa is similar to that described in other microorganisms, although none of the mutants lacking the ability to methylate homocysteine grew with vitamin B(12) or S-adenosylmethionine.
Abstract: Seventy-one methionineless and cysteineless auxotrophs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were placed into nine groups on the basis of their growth on methionine precursors and the cross-feeding response. Transduction experiments with bacteriophage F116 indicated the presence of four linkage groups among the methionineless mutants and at least three among the cysteineless mutants. These studies suggested that the biosynthesis of methionine in P. aeruginosa is similar to that described in other microorganisms, although none of the mutants lacking the ability to methylate homocysteine grew with vitamin B12 or S-adenosylmethionine.
TL;DR: Although earthworms are capable of specific apparently cellular responses to allogeneic and xenogeneic tissue antigens, they seem to be incapable of synthesizing detectable humoral substances to certain bacterial antigen.
TL;DR: In this paper, an amyloclastic method of amylase measurement using iodine merely as a differential stain is described, where thin starchagar plates of constant composition are poured on a transparent base, small wells are filled with constant microvolumes of samples, and two concentrations (e.g., 50 and 500 IU/ml) of α-amylase standard are included with each plate.
TL;DR: The suspension of the kidney nuclei in a solution of three of the nucleotides and the addition of the fourth nucleotide to the enzyme system in varying amounts resulted in a higher maximal polymerase activity for the castrated mice when CTP was varied and a lower value with GTP, and the effects of castration and androgen were much less with the former and greater with the latter nucleotide.
TL;DR: A preliminary investigation of a naturally occurring hemolytic system in the West Indian spiny lobster showed the hemolysin to have a certain degree of specificity for sheep erythrocytes and a natural hemagglutinin for various species of red blood cells.
Abstract: Summary A preliminary investigation of a naturally occurring hemolytic system in the West Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, showed the hemolysin to have a certain degree of specificity for sheep erythrocytes and a natural hemagglutinin for various species of red blood cells. The resulting sigmoid shaped dose response curve of the reaction between sheep cells and increasing amounts of lobster hemolymph suggests that a multiple step mechanism may be involved as is common to mammalian hemolytic systems. Results of kinetics experiments involving the lysin are presented and apparently differ from those characteristic of the classical guinea pig complement system. The lobster hemolytic system was heat labile, inactivated by EDTA, and temperature-dependent; the latter indicating the possible existance of an enzymatic-type reaction. Attempts to potentiate lytic activity by addition of rabbit hemolysin were not successful. Results suggest that further work will be required to determine if the lobster hemolysin is in any way analogous to one or more components of the classical hemolytic complement system, either in makeup or mode of action. Additional studies should also focus on the hemagglutinin to elucidate the role it plays, if any, in this hemolytic system.
TL;DR: Results indicate that Compound V is 2-amino-6(5′-triphosphoribosyl ) amino-5-formamido-4-hydroxypyrimidine, a pteridine precursor using extracts of Lactobacillus plantarum.
TL;DR: The administration of testosterone propionate or androstan-17β-o1,3-one for intervals up to 6 weeks increased the kidney weight above normal and produced a much greater percentage increase in the microsomal RNA than the weight.
TL;DR: Fast green may be preferable to erythrosin as a disclosing agent for quantitative studies of dental plaque because it inhibited a variety of microorganisms representative of the oral microflora in contrast to fast green, which was essentially devoid of antimicrobial activity.
Abstract: A comparative study revealed that erythrosin (1.0% and 0.5%) inhibited a variety of microorganisms representative of the oral microflora in contrast to fast green (5.0% and 2.5%), which was essentially devoid of antimicrobial activity. These observations suggest that fast green may be preferable to erythrosin as a disclosing agent for quantitative studies of dental plaque.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is shown that ring interactions occur in mixtures of chloroquine diphosphate and purine nucleotides, but appear to be minimal in drug mixtures containing pyrimidine nucleotide, suggesting the major interactions are between drug and nucleotide.
Abstract: The interaction of the antimalarial drug chloroquine diphosphate, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline diphosphate, with nucleotides has been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Certain of the proton resonances of the drug and the nucleotides are shifted as a result of the interaction This study shows that ring interactions occur in mixtures of chloroquine diphosphate and purine nucleotides, but appear to be minimal in drug mixtures containing pyrimidine nucleotides Adenosine 59-triphosphate, in contrast to adenosine 59-phosphate, causes shifts of the chloroquine side chain proton signals in addition to those of the ring, suggesting an electrostatic interaction due to the presence of the additional phosphate groups Interactions are decreased sharply at elevated temperatures The differences observed between the shifts in proton signals of chloroquine in chloroquine-nucleotide mixtures and those observed at high concentrations of the drug alone suggest that the major interactions are between drug and nucleotide
TL;DR: Four different H-chains from IgM proteins (μchains) have been studied from the standpoint of their gross molecular characteristics and it is suggested that the primary structure of these molecules have a significant proportion of their sequence in common, but a length of variable sequence that is limited to a perhaps relatively small part of the polypeptide chain.
TL;DR: In this paper, the decay of the 89 Zr isomers has been restudied using Ge(Li) detectors and gamma rays were observed from the 78.0 h ground state with energies in keV (and intensities) of 909.2 (100), 1620.8 (0.071), 1657.3 ( 0.10), 1712.9 (0.,77) and 1744.5 (0,12).
TL;DR: Mouse brain phosphoserine phosphatase that has been partially purified 150-fold or greater tolerates heating at 52 ° for several hours, resulting in a preparation that is 1200- to 1500-fold enriched over an aqueous homogenate of brain.