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Showing papers by "University of Alabama at Birmingham published in 1973"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the superoxide free radical per se was not the agent causing lysis, and evidence is presented that the free radical causing the lysis of the lysosomes is the hydroxyl free radical (OH·).

644 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that specialized pinocytotic follicle-associated epithelium does not induce initial migration of stem cells into areas along the intestinal tract, but that this transepithelial pinocyTotic flow of intestinal contents after birth may provide a significant stimulus for attraction, proliferation and egression of lymphocytes.
Abstract: The fine structure and micropinocytotic capabilities of epithelial cells closely associated with lymphoid follicles in the chicken bursa of Fabricius, rabbit appendix, and mouse Peyer's patch were compared. Epithelial cells capable of transporting ferritin and India ink tracers from the lumen were demonstrated in all three locations. Epithelial cells not associated with lymphoid follicles in the bursa and appendix did not express pinocytotic activity. Lymphoid cells were identified in bursal epithelium of chick embryos as early as the twelfth day of incubation. These lymphoid cells were smaller than typical bursal lymphocytes, had dense cytoplasm, numerous cytoplasmic projections, and prominent nucleoli. The small lymphoid cells were first demonstrable at a time in incubation during which lymphoid stem cells have been shown to migrate into the bursal epithelium. Lymphoid cells were seen earlier than the specialized follicle-associated epithelium. It is concluded that specialized pinocytotic follicle-associated epithelium does not induce initial migration of stem cells into areas along the intestinal tract, but that this transepithelial pinocytotic flow of intestinal contents after birth may provide a significant stimulus for attraction, proliferation and egression of lymphocytes.

545 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the mean number of Streptococcus mutans increased with time on each of the three surfaces, it remained much higher in the pits and fissures than on the buccal and approximal surfaces, and the initiation of caries tended to be preceded by elevated numbers of both Strep.

190 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heretofore unrecognized metabolites of methotrexate (MTX) have been detected in human red blood cells and isolated from rat liver and viscera by comparison with authentic synthetic compounds.

172 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
05 Sep 1973-Nature
TL;DR: This work has explored the possibility that the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium phaseoli and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is influenced by PHA, and hypothesis is that PHA may bind the bacteria to the roots.
Abstract: THE agglutination of erythrocytes by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) from seeds of Phaseolus was first reported by Land-steiner and Raubitschek in 19081. Since then much work has been published on their effects on mammalian cells but little is known of their role in the plants from which they are derived. Saint-Paul2 suggested that PHA might be plant antibodies produced in response to antigenic stimulation by Rhizobium species, but his studies proved inconclusive. We have explored the possibility that the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium phaseoli and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is influenced by PHA. Our hypothesis is that PHA may bind the bacteria to the roots.

125 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reports successful surgical repair in 2 patients with associated large ventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis, in which the defect was posterior and in relation to the pulmonary artery which slightly overrode it.
Abstract: Anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries is a congenital cardiac malformation in which the atria and ventricles are in concordant relation, as are the ventricles and great arteries, but the aorta is to the left of the pulmonary artery (1-position). The reported cases and our two patients have had situs solitus of viscera and atria. The aortic and pulmonary circulations are in series. We report successful surgical repair in 2 patients with associated large ventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis. In one the defect was posterior and in relation to the pulmonary artery which slightly overrode it. In the other the defect was anterior and the aorta overrode it. The developmental basis of these two examples of the same entity is probably different. An appropriate terminology and categorization that is useful surgically is presented.

114 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of indirect immunofluorescent tracing indicated that IgA and lysozyme were regular constituents of the pellicle, amylase and IgG were less consistently detected, and albumin and fibrinogen were rarely encountered.
Abstract: . Sterile polished slabs of bovine enamel, mounted in small acrylic cylinders, were held in the mouth for 2 hours. The acquired pellicles deposited on the enamel surfaces were examined in situ on the slabs or after transfer to microscope slides. Indirect immunofluorescent staining in situ afforded positive identification of IgA and lysozyme in pellicles. The preferred technique required acid separation of the pellicle from the enamel, transfer to a microscope slide, and fixation in cold ethanol. Histochemically, this pellicle appeared to he predominantly basic. Results of indirect immunofluorescent tracing indicated that IgA and lysozyme were regular constituents of the pellicle, amylase and IgG were less consistently detected, and albumin and fibrinogen were rarely encountered.

103 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary data suggest a future role for ara-A in the treatment of severe HVH infections in man, and unlike 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside, ara, within its apparent antiviral dose range, produced no demonstrable hepatic, renal, or hematologic toxicity.
Abstract: Ten immunosuppressed patients received intravenous adenine arabinoside (ara-A, 3.3–10 mg/kg per day for five to 13 days) for treatment of severe mucocutaneous infection due to Herpesvirus hominis (HVH). After ara-A, virus excretion by patients with orofacial lesions due to type 1 HVH infection was reduced 90% within 72 hr. By nine days, these lesions contained no virus and were healed, whereas three untreated patients had exreted virus and had clinical lesions for two to 16 weeks. In contrast, type 2 HVH genitoperineal infection responded less well clinically and virologically. Nine neonates, six with disseminated HVH infection and three with localized HVH infection, were also treated with ara-A (10–15 mg/kg per day for five to 15 days). In contrast with the usually fatal outcome of disseminated HVH infection, three of the six neonates survived. The three with localized infection recovered without further extension of the disease. Unlike 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside, ara-A, within its apparent antiviral dose range, produced no demonstrable hepatic, renal, or hematologic toxicity. These preliminary data suggest a future role for ara-A in the treatment of severe HVH infections in man.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six methods for digital computation of the impulse response were applied to data from this model mathematical system and to actual dye-dilution data, finding that Precision of reconvolution did not assure that the computed response would resemble the actual response of the system.
Abstract: Many methods are available for digital computation of the impulse response from indicator-dilution measurements representing input and output signals. In all instances, the only criterion for validity of the computation is comparison of the reconvolution of the computed impulse response and the input with the actual output. In this paper, a model mathematical system was constructed with a known impulse response; noise and time variation could be introduced independently or simultaneously in the input and the output data. Six methods for digital computation of the impulse response were applied to data from this system and to actual dye-dilution data. Precision of reconvolution did not assure that the computed response would resemble the actual response of the system. Some numerical considerations also significantly affected the digital computation of a valid response.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
26 Jan 1973-Science
TL;DR: Synthesis of immunoglobulins A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) is prevented in chickens by embryonic treatment with heterologous antibodies to IgM when combined with bursectomy at hatching.
Abstract: Synthesis of immunoglobulins A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) is prevented in chickens by embryonic treatment with heterologous antibodies to IgM when combined with bursectomy at hatching. Cells that produce IgA are seeded from the bursa of Fabricius later than cells capable of IgM and IgG synthesis; the latter do not convert to IgA synthesis outside of the bursa.

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent progress in understanding pathogenesis and host response of experimental M .
Abstract: Few diseases of laboratory animals have been as troublesome to research projects or as enigmatic to microbiologists as murine mycoplasma respiratory disease. Its entire history, dating back at least to the early years of the present century,’ has been characterized by continuing disagreement about possible etiologies”15 and endless proliferation of new term^^,^.^,^,^^*^^,^^-^^ for its pathological identification. Its ubiquity as an indigenous infection in most animal facilities has made the study of the problem by many investigators impractical, or even impossible. Only very recently has there been significant success in reproducing all lesions of the natural disease by inoculation of a single agent, Mycoplasma pulmonis, into and mice38339 known to be free of other pathogens. The purpose of the present paper is: (1) to summarize recent progress in understanding pathogenesis and host response of experimental M . pulmonis infection in mice and rats, (2) to present data that may help explain past difficulties of reproducing lower respiratory tract disease with this agent in the rat, and ( 3 ) to place the experimental and natural diseases of both species in proper perspective.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination ofternal cartilages of 13- and 14-day-old chick embryos were cultured in a chemically defined medium containing [3H]glycine for labeling and β-aminopropionitrile to inhibit cross-linking of newly synthesized collagen, allowing the localization of all of the CNBr peptides in α1(II), with the exception of peptides 2 and 3, which together account for only six amino acids of the chain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that primary intracardiac repair is advisable in centers prepared for infant intruder surgery, and the controversy concerning initial management of infants and small children severely symptomatic from the tetralogy of Fallot is discussed.
Abstract: Twenty-two consecutive severely symptomatic infants and small children less than 4 years of age (mean age 25.5 months, range 3½ to 48 months) have presented for initial surgical treatment of the tetralogy of Fallot at the University of Alabama Medical Center between September 1, 1971 and January 31, 1973. One was considered unsuitable for complete repair because of massive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, and was successfully treated by a right Blalock-Taus-sig operation. Twenty-one were treated by primary intracardiac repair. One patient (age 24 months) died, a hospital mortality rate of 4.8%. Mean value for the RV/LV peak pressure ratio immediately after repair was 0.55. An outflow patch was placed across the valve ring in one patient, and should have been placed in one other. Heart block has not occurred. Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest (Kyoto-Barratt-Boyes technique) was used in 9 patients, and cardiopulmonary bypass with profound hypothermia in 12. We discuss the controversy concerni...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the crystal structure of α,α-trehalose-calcium bromide monohydrate, a model system for investigation of factors involved in the binding of calcium ions to d -glucans of dental plaques.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hematocrit determinations related to sex maturity ratings provide a logical criterion for the diagnosis of anemia and of therapeutic response in its treatment.
Abstract: The time of onset of adolescence, the velocity of change, and the age at which somatic maturity occurs varies with each individual. Chronologic age, per se, provides little information as to growth and development. The sequential changes in secondary sex characteristics can be divided into five stages and then one of these assigned as a "maturity rating" to any patient. Hematocrit determinations were performed on 1,007 girls and 1,000 boys, aged 11 to 20 years. All patients were from low-income families and each boy or girl was examined and classified according to maturity rating, sex, and color. In boys, correlation of hematocrit determinations and sex maturity ratings showed an increase in the hematocrit percentage with an increase of maturity rating. Boys have a smooth, progressive rise in hematocrit levels as they mature and this increase is apparently associated with the production of testosterone and the development of greater muscle mass. Hematocrit values increase in relation to chronologic age, only when sexual maturation is taking place, thus evaluation of anemia based only on age may be incorrect. Hematocrit determinations related to sex maturity ratings provide a logical criterion for the diagnosis of anemia and of therapeutic response in its treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the occurrence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in two siblings born three years apart is reported, based on clinical and immunologic findings, the older child seems to have been exposed to a strong and prolonged antigenic stimulus, while the younger was probably affected by a reduced or modified load.
Abstract: The occurrence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in two siblings born three years apart is reported. Based on clinical and immunologic findings, the older child seems to have been exposed to a strong and prolonged antigenic stimulus, while the younger was probably affected by a reduced or modified load. Simultaneous complement-fixing (CF) and neutralizing (NT) antibody determinations done in infants and maternal sera suggest that the viruses isolated from both cases, if not identical, are antigenically quite similar and, furthermore, they are very close to AD-169 and Davis prototypes. Therefore, although the mother showed a significant antibody rise and became viuric during the second pregnancy, it is very unlikley that a new primary infection with an heterologous strain occurred, and we suggest endogenous reactivation or reinfection with the homologous virus. The implications of this finding with respect to counseling parents of a congenitally infected child about future pregnancies are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that weighted least squares estimators for the coefficients of a multiple regression model are the same as the maximum likelihood estimators when the dependent observations are from a member of the regular exponential class of distributions.
Abstract: In this article it is shown that weighted least squares estimators for the coefficients of a multiple regression model are the same as the maximum likelihood estimators when the dependent observations are from a member of the regular exponential class of distributions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A calcifying system has been developed which, for the first time, demonstrates the capacity of α-elastin, as the coacervate, to initiate calcification in an in vitro system with blockage of the charged amino and carboxyl groups.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations indicate that sites other than the bursa of Fabricius are unable to serve as sources of immunoglobulin-producing cells and B lymphocytes were permanently deficient in bursectomized animals despite development of hypergammaglobulinemia and high levels of antibodies to ferritin following hyperimmunization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings are inconsistent with a response-inhibition hypothesis of hippocampal functioning, and suggest that the behavioral impairment of hippocampally ablated S s reflects a deficit in the processing of information from response-produced stimuli.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A mathematical model has been derived that describes the pressure-flow relationship in the ventilatory system under conditions of constant lung volume and a collapsible airway segment is included to model compression of the airways during expiration.
Abstract: A mathematical model has been derived that describes the pressure-flow relationship in the ventilatory system under conditions of constant lung volume. The parameters of the model include small airway resistance, large airway resistance, and lung elastic recoil. A collapsible airway segment is included to model compression of the airways during expiration.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Nov 1973-Science
TL;DR: Crystal structures of N6,N9-dimethyladenine and N6-methyladenine hydrochloride were determined from three-dimensional x-ray diffraction data and showed that the bases assume a conformation in which the N(6)-methyl group blocks one of the hydrogen-bonding sites normally used by adenine to form Watson-Crick pairs with thymine in double-helical DNA.
Abstract: Crystal structures of N6,N9-dimethyladenine and N6-methyladenine hydrochloride were determined from three-dimensional x-ray diffraction data. The bases assume a conformation in which the N(6)-methyl group blocks one of the hydrogen-bonding sites normally used by adenine to form Watson-Crick pairs with thymine in double-helical DNA. When in this conformation, N6-methyladenine residues might alter the secondary structure of DNA. thereby preventing the scission of modified DNA9s by restriction enzymes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The third component of complement was discovered in several pellicles and, by subsequent testing, in whole saliva but not in parotid fluid, suggesting that this protein may be transferred across the oral epithelium.
Abstract: . By indirect immunofluorescence, 13 different proteins were studied in 2-hour, acquired pellicles collected from four subjects over a 5-day period. The 300 specimens were coded, and the intensity of fluorescence specific for each protein was scored by two independent observers. Statistical analyses indicated that the mean score values differed significantly when a comparison was made between individual proteins or between subject-donors of the pellicles. Also, the scores for each protein were highly dependent on the subject. Despite daily fluctuations, the pellicles from each subject presented a characteristic protein profile. Frequently, high fluorescence scores were noted for proteins of generally low salivary concentration, e.g., IgM and IgG. The third component of complement was discovered in several pellicles and, by subsequent testing, in whole saliva but not in parotid fluid. Its presence in pellicles of an edentulous subject suggests that this protein may be transferred across the oral epithelium.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1973-Cancer
TL;DR: This work has developed a method for disaggregating Hodgkin's tumor using collagenase, which is the first reported separation of lymphocytes from solid tumors, and the method may be broadly applicable in the investigation of lymphocyte which infiltrate solid tumors.
Abstract: The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease is controversial. Some view the lymphocyte in Hodgkin's tumor as an integral part of the malignant proliferation; others interpret the lymphocyte as a manifestation of the host's attempt to reject the neoplasm. In an effort to study interactions between individual kinds of cells from Hodgkin's disease, we have developed a method for disaggregating Hodgkin's tumor using collagenase. The disaggregated cells have been frozen in a viable state and, after storage over liquid nitrogen, two kinds of cells have been obtained consistently in tissue culture from all five patients whose cells have been studied. Prior to culture, one of these cell types—a very homogeneous population of mature-appearing lymphoid cells—has been separated from the other kinds of cells in 98.4 ± O.4% purity. This separation was accomplished using centrifugation in a gradient of Ficoll (polysucrose) in tissue culture medium. In culture, these cells divide and produce only lymphoid cells. The other kind of cell which can be cultured from Hodgkin's disease—a histiocytic cell—can be widely separated from the lymphoid cells and does not give rise to lymphocytes in tissue culture. Using purified populations of the individual kinds of cells, it will be possible to study the possible cytotoxicity of the lymphoid cells for the histiocytic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first reported separation of lymphocytes from solid tumors, and the method may be broadly applicable in the investigation of lymphocytes which infiltrate solid tumors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 10% protein supplement given to undernourished rats during development allowed them to overcome weight deficiencies and reversed dental caries to the low incidence found in well-nourishing control rats.
Abstract: The specific role of protein deficiency in altering dental caries incidence in rat pups was investigated. A 10% protein supplement given to undernourished rats during development allowed them to overcome weight deficiencies and reversed dental caries to the low incidence found in well-nourished control rats. Caries in undernourished rats supplemented with an isocaloric, proteinfree solution, was as high as that of undernourished rats intubated with distilled water.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The similarities in the metabolites formed from uridine andThiouridine suggest that the pathways for incorporation of thiouridine into thio-UDP conjugates and RNA are identical or at least strikingly similar to those utilizing uridine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lysozyme from hen egg white was rendered accessible to tryptic hydrolysis at all arginine peptide bonds by reversible blocking of the amino groups with citraconic anhydride, thus yielding all the tryptic peptides of lysozyme without rupturing the disulfide bonds.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The J chain was isolated from a human immunoglobulin A myeloma protein and subjected to sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugal analysis in 5 M guanidine hydrochloride and demonstrated minimal heterogeneity.