Institution
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Education•Birmingham, Alabama, United States•
About: University of Alabama at Birmingham is a education organization based out in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 38523 authors who have published 86775 publications receiving 3930642 citations. The organization is also known as: UAB & The University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Transplantation, Health care, Immune system
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TL;DR: Overall survival was significantly improved in those who experienced an acneiform rash of at least grade 2 severity compared with patients with no rash or grade 1 rash, confirming cetuximab plus radiotherapy as an important treatment option in this group of patients.
Abstract: Summary Background Previous results from our phase 3 randomised trial showed that adding cetuximab to primary radiotherapy increased overall survival in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LASCCHN) at 3 years. Here we report the 5-year survival data, and investigate the relation between cetuximabinduced rash and survival. Methods Patients with LASCCHN of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx with measurable disease were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either comprehensive head and neck radiotherapy alone for 6–7 weeks or radiotherapy plus weekly doses of cetuximab: 400 mg/m² initial dose, followed by seven weekly doses at 250 mg/m². Randomisation was done with an adaptive minimisation technique to balance assignments across stratifi cation factors of Karnofsky performance score, T stage, N stage, and radiation fractionation. The trial was un-blinded. The primary endpoint was locoregional control, with a secondary endpoint of survival. Following discussions with the US Food and Drug Administration, the dataset was locked, except for queries to the sites about overall survival, before our previous report in 2006, so that an independent review could be done. Analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. Following completion of treatment, patients underwent physical examination and radiographic imaging every 4 months for 2 years, and then every 6 months thereafter . The trial is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00004227. Findings Patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with (n=211) or without (n=213) cetuximab, and all patients were followed for survival. Updated median overall survival for patients treated with cetuximab and radiotherapy was 49·0 months (95% CI 32·8–69·5) versus 29·3 months (20·6–41·4) in the radiotherapy-alone group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·73, 95% CI 0·56–0·95; p=0·018). 5-year overall survival was 45·6% in the cetuximab-plus-radiotherapy group and 36·4% in the radiotherapy-alone group. Additionally, for the patients treated with cetuximab, overall survival was signifi cantly improved in those who experienced an acneiform rash of at least grade 2 severity compared with patients with no rash or grade 1 rash (HR 0·49, 0·34–0·72; p=0·002). Interpretation For patients with LASCCHN, cetuximab plus radiotherapy signifi cantly improves overall survival at 5 years compared with radiotherapy alone, confi rming cetuximab plus radiotherapy as an important treatment option in this group of patients. Cetuximab-treated patients with prominent cetuximab-induced rash (grade 2 or above) have better survival than patients with no or grade 1 rash.
1,784 citations
Clinical Trial Service Unit1, University of Glasgow2, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center3, Stanford University4, Boehringer Ingelheim5, Mayo Clinic6, University of Edinburgh7, University of Melbourne8, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health9, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston10, University of Alabama at Birmingham11, Helsinki University Central Hospital12, The George Institute for Global Health13, University of Newcastle14, Sapienza University of Rome15, Karolinska Institutet16, University of Washington17, Heidelberg University18
TL;DR: In this paper, a pre-specifi ed meta-analysis of individual patient data from 6756 patients in nine randomised trials comparing alteplase with placebo or open control was conducted.
1,773 citations
Ohio State University1, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center2, University of Cincinnati3, University of Iowa4, University of California, Davis5, University of Alabama at Birmingham6, University of Arizona7, University of Washington8, Rush University Medical Center9, Wake Forest University10, University of Nevada, Reno11, University of Texas at San Antonio12, Kaiser Permanente13, University of Pittsburgh14, University of California, Los Angeles15, Stony Brook University16, Baylor College of Medicine17, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill18, Wayne State University19, Howard University20, George Washington University21, University of California, Irvine22, University of Tennessee Health Science Center23, Medical College of Wisconsin24, University of California, San Diego25, Rutgers University26, University of Florida27, National Institutes of Health28, Harvard University29, University of Minnesota30, University of Massachusetts Boston31, University of Miami32, Emory University33, University of Wisconsin-Madison34, Stanford University35, Northwestern University36, University at Buffalo37, Brown University38, Yeshiva University39
TL;DR: Among healthy postmenopausal women, calcium with vitamin D supplementation resulted in a small but significant improvement in hip bone density, did not significantly reduce hip fracture, and increased the risk of kidney stones.
Abstract: Background The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal. Methods We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial. We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo. Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years. Bone density was measured at three WHI centers. Results Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01). Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02). The risk of renal calculi increased with...
1,765 citations
TL;DR: A single dose of Ad26.COV2.S protected against symptomatic Covid-19 and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and was effective against severe–critical disease, including hospitalization and death, in an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Abstract: Background The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine is a recombinant, replication-incompetent human adenovirus type 26 vector encoding full-length severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-...
1,760 citations
TL;DR: The genome of a new SIVcpz strain is sequenced and the subspecies identity of all known SIV cpz-infected chimpanzees is determined, by mitochondrial DNA analysis, and it is found that two chimpanzee subspecies in Africa harbour SIVCPz and that their respective viruses form two highly divergent (but subspecies-specific) phylogenetic lineages.
Abstract: The human AIDS viruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) represent cross-species (zoonotic) infections. Although the primate reservoir of HIV-2 has been clearly identified as the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), the origin of HIV-1 remains uncertain. Viruses related to HIV-1 have been isolated from the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), but only three such SIVcpz infections have been documented, one of which involved a virus so divergent that it might represent a different primate lentiviral lineage. In a search for the HIV-1 reservoir, we have now sequenced the genome of a new SIVcpzstrain (SIVcpzUS) and have determined, by mitochondrial DNA analysis, the subspecies identity of all known SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees. We find that two chimpanzee subspecies in Africa, the central P. t. troglodytes and the eastern P. t. schweinfurthii, harbour SIVcpz and that their respective viruses form two highly divergent (but subspecies-specific) phylogenetic lineages. All HIV-1 strains known to infect man, including HIV-1 groups M, N and O, are closely related to just one of these SIVcpz lineages, that found in P. t. troglodytes. Moreover, we find that HIV-1 group N is a mosaic of SIVcpzUS- and HIV-1-related sequences, indicating an ancestral recombination event in a chimpanzee host. These results, together with the observation that the natural range of P. t. troglodytes coincides uniquely with areas of HIV-1 group M, N and O endemicity, indicate that P. t. troglodytes is the primary reservoir for HIV-1 and has been the source of at least three independent introductions of SIVcpz into the human population.
1,760 citations
Authors
Showing all 38940 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rudolf Jaenisch | 206 | 606 | 178436 |
| Joel Schwartz | 183 | 1149 | 109985 |
| Tadamitsu Kishimoto | 181 | 1067 | 130860 |
| Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
| Gregg L. Semenza | 168 | 502 | 130316 |
| David R. Jacobs | 165 | 1262 | 113892 |
| Hua Zhang | 163 | 1503 | 116769 |
| David R. Holmes | 161 | 1624 | 114187 |
| David Cella | 156 | 1258 | 106402 |
| Elaine S. Jaffe | 156 | 828 | 112412 |
| Michael A. Matthay | 151 | 998 | 98687 |
| Lawrence Corey | 146 | 773 | 78105 |
| Barton F. Haynes | 144 | 911 | 79014 |
| Douglas D. Richman | 142 | 633 | 82806 |
| Kjell Fuxe | 142 | 1479 | 89846 |