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Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methods for determining left ventricular chamber dimensions, volume, volume curves, wall thickness and mass and their significance in the evaluation of the functional state of the left ventricle in patients with heart disease are discussed.
Abstract: Methods are now available for determining left ventricular chamber dimensions, volume, volume curves, wall thickness and mass. These observations, when taken together with left ventricular pressure, can be used to characterize the left ventricle as a pump and determine end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, rates of ejection and filling, mass, work and work components and power. Methods for deriving these values and their significance in the evaluation of the functional state of the left ventricle in patients with heart disease are discussed.

190 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kirchhoff theory of shells is refined to include a transverse shear deformation and the Lagrange equations are introduced to derive the equations of the discrete system.

186 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Use of a computer program as an investigative instrument in its own right, rather than as a means of duplicating classical human measurements, shows promise for improving the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease.
Abstract: A computer program has been developed which clarifies the distorted exercise ECG and performs desired measurements of it which are reported in the laboratory almost immediately, so that the program can be used as an aid to exercise test monitoring. We have introduced a new measurement of the ECG, the negative ST (—ST) integral, which while unfamiliar to the eye is readily performed by computer. A —ST integral value of 7.5 µv-sec during exercise served to separate a normal group from a group with angina pectoris. Strenuous exercise was often necessary to elicit positive responses in diseased subjects, and the graded exercise test was found well-suited for this purpose. Use of a computer program as an investigative instrument in its own right, rather than as a means of duplicating classical human measurements, shows promise for improving the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interviewer speech rates in the two interview situations were found to influence the subject's speech rates and each rate measure was related to the syllable length of its relevant speech unit.
Abstract: Distinctions have been made between two speech rate measures. Previously these measures have been studied only in naturalistic settings. Also, methodological problems in prior studies generated que...

81 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: HUG as mentioned in this paper is a Fortran-Fap Code for Computing Normal Shock and Detonation Parameters in Gases, which can be used to compute normal shock and detonation parameters in O2-H2 Mixtures.
Abstract: H + 62 + M -> HO2 + M Reaction in Lean Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixtures," Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol 43, No 9, Nov 1965, pp 3237-3247 7 Getzinger, R W, "A Shock Wave Study of Recombination in Near Stoichiometric Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixtures," Eleventh Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa, 1967, pp 117-124 s Stull, D R, JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Dow Chemical Co, Midland, Mich; may be purchased as Rept PB-168370 ($1000) and addenda PB-168370-1 and PB-168370-2 ($300 each), National Bureau of Standards, CFSTI, US Dept of Commerce, Springfield, Va 9 Bird, P F, Duff, R E, and Schott, G L, "HUG, a Fortran-Fap Code for Computing Normal Shock and Detonation Parameters in Gases," Rept LA-2980, Feb 1964, Los Alamos Scientific Lab, The Univ of California, Los Alamos, N Mex 10 White, D R and Millikan, R C, "Oxygen Vibrational Relaxation in O2-H2 Mixtures," Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol 39, No 8, Oct 1963, pp 2107-2108 11 White, D R and Millikan, R C, "Vibrational Relaxation of Oxygen," Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol 39, No 7 Oct 1963, pp1803-1806 12 White, D R and Millikan, R C, "Oxygen Vibrational Relaxation in O2-He and O2-Ar Mixtures," Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol 39, No 7, Oct 1963, pp 1807-1808 13 Gilbert, R B and Strehlow, R A, "Theory of Detonation Initiation Behind Reflected Shock Waves," AIAA Journal, Vol 4, No 10, Oct 1966, pp 1777-1783 14 Getzinger, R W and Blair, L S, "A Shock Tube Study of the Effects of Nitrogen and Water Vapor on Recombination in the Hydrogen-Oxygen System," 6th International Shock Tube Symposium, Freiberg, Germany, April 12-14, 1967; also The Physics of Fluids, to be published 15 Shchelkin, K I and Troshin, Ya K, Gas Dynamics of Combustion, Mono Book Corp, Baltimore, Md, 1965, pp 1-53 16 Voitsekhovskii, B V, Mitrofanov, V V, and Topchian, M E, Struktura Fronta Detonatsii v Gaza, Akademiya Nauk SSSR Novosibirsk, 1963, pp 81-96; transl as The Structure of a Detonation Front in Gases, Rept FTD-MT-64-527 (AD 633821), Feb 1966, Foreign Technology Div, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, pp 81-97 17 Strehlow, R A and Engels, C D, "Transverse Waves in Detonations II Structure and Spacing in H2—O-2, C2H2—O2, C2H4—O2 and CEU—O2 Systems," AIAA Journal, to be published

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The angiocardiographic findings and successful surgical treatment of three patients with double-outlet right ventricle, bilateral conus, transposition of the great arteries, subpulmonary ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary-mitral valve discontinuity are reported.
Abstract: The angiocardiographic findings and successful surgical treatment of three patients with double-outlet right ventricle, bilateral conus, transposition of the great arteries, subpulmonary ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary-mitral valve discontinuity are reported. The atria, viscera, and ventricles were normally located, and the aorta originated to the right and anterior to the pulmonary artery. Surgical repair was accomplished by closure of the ventricular septal defect in such a way that left ventricular outflow was routed via a prosthetic tunnel to the pulmonary artery. Then systemic venous return was transposed intra-atrially by the Mustard technique. All patients survived complete repair and have continued to improve over a period ranging from several months to 1 year after operation. In one patient complete heart block developed postoperatively, necessitating the insertion of a permanent electronic pacemaker. Details of the method of repair and preoperative studies are presented.

64 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In-vitro data reported here contain no evidence for an effect of phenytoin on conjugases from human intestine, liver, or brain.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 10-week-old infant with evidence of neurologic defects, intrauterine growth retardation, and postnatal failure to thrive was studied for abnormal lead accumulation because of a maternal history of long-term ingestion of untaxed whiskey, providing suggestive evidence of transmission of lead transplacentally.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias in the pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction is considered in the framework of four arbitrary divisions of the conduction system: the sinus node, the internodal and interatrial pathways, the atrioventricular (A-V) nodes and the His bundle with its proximal branches.
Abstract: The pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias in the pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction is considered in the framework of four arbitrary divisions of the conduction system: the sinus node, the internodal and interatrial pathways, the atrioventricular (A-V) nodes and the His bundle with its proximal branches. Under each heading the elements of pathogenesis are discussed relative to local anatomy, vascular supply, neural control and blood-borne factors. These divisions are made purely for the sake of discussion; an accurate assessment of their varying presence and interplay in the individual patient is the challenging responsibility of the physician who deals with the problem of arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The control of toothbrushing behavior by contingency management was studied with eight, 10 to 12-yr-old boys at a summer camp for children to find out whether the behavior was required as a prerequisite for the opportunity to swim or not.
Abstract: The control of toothbrushing behavior by contingency management was studied with eight, 10 to 12-yr-old boys at a summer camp for children. This behavior occurred infrequently during baseline conditions with and without verbal instructions to the subjects to brush their teeth. Toothbrushing behavior was maintained at a high level when the behavior was required as a prerequisite for the opportunity to swim (contingency management). When, after 22 days, the contingency arrangement between toothbrushing and swimming was terminated, toothbrushing behavior returned to a low level.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Least-squares methods for the estimation of Peclet number and mean flow-through time for dispersive flow processes are given in this paper, which are less sensitive to errors occurring in measurement of tracer concentration than are methods involving variance computation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An investigation was undertaken by means of correlative light and electron microscopy the location of normal skin flora, i.e., the site where bacteria are normally found in the epidermis.
Abstract: the past 30 years knowledge of cutanef)ua bacteriology lias gradually accumulated (Marples, M. J., 1965). Yet, one main aspect of cutaneous bacterial flora has not been completely elucidated, i.e., the site where bacteria are normally found in the epidermis. An investigation was undertaken to visualize by means of correlative light and electron microscopy the location of normal skin flora. Results of this study are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that in some tissues insoluble collagen could not be attacked by Clostridium histolyticum collagenase unless a glycoprotein fraction, strongly associated with the fibers, was removed, thus supporting earlier observations that sugar-containing compounds are strongly bound to collagen.
Abstract: Different connective tissues were digested with Bacillus subtilis α-amylase in an effort to determine the effects of this enzyme on the glycoprotein-collagen complexes. It was found that in some tissues insoluble collagen could not be attacked by Clostridium histolyticum collagenase unless a glycoprotein fraction, strongly associated with the fibers, was removed. This removal was achieved by α-amylase, thus supporting earlier observations that sugar-containing compounds are strongly bound to collagen. Using alpha amylase an unexpected and interesting result demonstrated that this enzyme(s) releases acid glycosaminoglycans from the various connective tissues. Chemical studies have shown that the α-amylase preparation was not contaminated to any significant extent by hyaluronidase or by a protease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that mitotic activity was observed only under those conditions where activity of β-adrenergic receptors could be implicated (ISO, PC, and UR), and the β-blocking agent, Inderal, was used to demonstrate this point.
Abstract: SummaryA series of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic agents were administered chronically to rats. At 3 and 10 days, the effects of these agents [the β-adrenergic drug, ISO; the primarily α-adrenergic drugs, epinephrine and phenylephrine, and the parasympathomimetic agents, pilocarpine (PC) and Urecholine (UR)] on parotid gland weight, and size and mitotic activity of acinar cells were examined. It was found that mitotic activity was observed only under those conditions where activity of β-adrenergic receptors could be implicated (ISO, PC, and UR), and the β-blocking agent, Inderal, was used to demonstrate this point. Increases in cell and gland size more generally accompanied β-adrenergic activity and were evident even in the absence of a distinct mitotic response; α-mediated effects, however, produced no mitotic effects but instead decreased cell and gland size. Secretory activity was not necessarily involved in any of the β-adrenergically mediated increases in gland size, acinar cell size or number.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The action of atropine in inhibiting pentagastrin action emphasizes the similarities between the actions of this group of peptides and cholinergic agents.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data obtained by comparing the radioactivity incorporated into bacterial guanine, xanthine, and riboflavine indicate that guansine or a close derivative of Guanine is the purine precursor of rib oflavine.
Abstract: Corynebacterium species lacks the ability to convert either xanthine or guanine to adenine. This defect and the use of the purine nucleoside antibiotic decoyinine, which blocks the conversion of xanthosine monophosphate → guanosine monophosphate, permit an experimental design in which the interconversion of purines is largely prevented. Cultures of this organism were grown in the presence of decoyinine and various purine supplements. Data obtained by comparing the radioactivity incorporated from guanine-2-14C or xanthine-2-14C into bacterial guanine, xanthine, and riboflavine indicate that guanine or a close derivative of guanine is the purine precursor of riboflavine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the paramagnetic species present in solutions of Tschitschibabin's hydrocarbon and responsible for the solution electron resonance spectrum is a substituted p-biphenyldiphenylmethyl radical, thus resolving the biradical paradox.
Abstract: The ENDOR spectra of Tschitschibabin's hydrocarbon and certain of its specifically deuterated derivatives have been measured. To interpret these spectra the factors determining the ENDOR spectrum of a biradical are discussed in detail. The analysis reveals that the paramagnetic species present in solutions of Tschitschibabin's hydrocarbon and responsible for the solution electron resonance spectrum is a substituted p-biphenyldiphenylmethyl radical, thus resolving the biradical paradox. The substituent is thought to be the diphenylmethyl group in which case the radical could be formed through hydrogen abstraction by a thermally populated triplet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison with the crystal structure of guanosine suggests that halogen substituents may modify solid state base stacking patterns of 8-Bromoguanosine dihydrate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data obtained suggest that in liver, but not in lung, there is significant reincoporation of choline methyl groups into arachidonoyllecithin and a disproportionate amount of the choline incorporated into sphingomyelin is endogenously synthesized and not derived from the free choline pool.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 May 1969-Nature
TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that inducible immunity may be demonstrated in several invertebrate species using appropriate methods and the bactericidal system seems to occupy an important position in the phylogenetic emergence of inducibles immunity.
Abstract: THERE is increasing evidence that inducible immunity may be demonstrated in several invertebrate species using appropriate methods. The bactericidal system1,2 seems to occupy an important position in the phylogenetic emergence of inducible immunity. Such responses and others have been reviewed recently2,3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: West Indian spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, synthesized a hemolymph bactericidin after being injected with killed suspensions of gram-negative bacillus EMB-1 isolated from the normal gut of this lobster.
Abstract: West Indian spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, synthesized a hemolymph bactericidin after being injected with killed suspensions of gram-negative bacillus EMB-1 isolated from the normal gut of this lobster. To study differences between the primary response and secondary response, animals were given a primary antigen injection of EMB-1 followed by a second injection of the same antigen 22 to 51 days later. As a rule, secondary bactericidal responses were enhanced over the primary in a manner reminiscent of specific anamnesis in mammalian immunoglobulin synthesis. Immunological memory was also suggested when tertiary responses were compared to secondary and by the persistence of residual titers for many days or weeks without additional antigenic stimulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An electron microscopic study of the ultrastructure and development of sperm packets of the M5 strain of Volvox aureus shows that the sperm packet develops very much like a vegetative colony.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An excessive perinatal mortality of 112.9 per thousand was recorded in the 204 multiparous mothers in this series, confirming the concept that birth of an anencephalic fetus may predict or accompany a disastrous obstetric career.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The morphologic features of the stromal cells and giant cells in giant-cell tumors and granulomas of the jaws suggest that giant cells are well-differentiated and very active cells, but the precise nature of the activity remains to be determined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bobwhite quail were given extended auto-shaping, a procedure in which response-key illumination or color change is paired with response-independent food presentations, which yielded increased responding across sessions, although responses were never instrumental in producing food.
Abstract: Bobwhite quail were given extended auto-shaping, a procedure in which response-key illumination or color change is paired with response-independent food presentations. Continuation of the auto-shaping procedure yielded increased responding across sessions, although responses were never instrumental in producing food. The quail were shifted directly from the auto-shaping procedure to a variable-interval 60-sec schedule of reinforcement. All three birds were approaching stable response rates by the fifth session on the variable-interval schedule.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To investigate the specificity of an inducible hemolymph bactericidin, West Indian spiny lobsters were immunized with a variety of antigens and Formalin exhibited an adjuvant-like effect with EMB-1.
Abstract: To investigate the specificity of an inducible hemolymph bactericidin, West Indian spiny lobsters were immunized with a variety of antigens. Bactericidal assays were conducted with strain EMB-1, a gram-negative bacillus isolated from normal lobster intestine. Animals given saline solution with or without 0.3% Formalin exhibited only a slight response similar to sham controls. Injections of type 2 pneumococci or bovine albumin produced slightly higher responses. These were much less pronounced than the homologous response to EMB-1. Formalin exhibited an adjuvant-like effect with EMB-1.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) were reinforced for swimming through an aperture by a mirror presentation, which released an innate aggressive display, and moderate intense shock-punishment of the operant response increased the vigor of the display and temporarily increased the rates of the response. Gradual decreases in rate within and across nonpunished sessions reflected short-term and long-term habituation to the mirror image.
Abstract: Male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) were reinforced for swimming through an aperture by a mirror presentation which released an innate aggressive display. Moderately intense shock-punishment of the operant response increased the vigor of the display and, temporarily, the rates of the operant response. Gradual decreases in rate within and across nonpunished sessions reflected short-term and long-term habituation to the mirror image.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relatively low activity of serums and plasmas was shown to arise from the presence of a number of ionic inhibitors, with the cations respresenting the major portion of the major inhibition.
Abstract: The calcifying activities of biological fluids can be measured,in vitro andin vivo, by their ability to reharden softened blocks of tooth enamel. The activity is expressed in terms of the calcium (and phosphate) concentrations of synthetic calcifying solutions of known concentration and activity. A typical human plasma had an activity corresponding to that of a solution of the following concentration: calcium, 0.70 mM; Ca/P, 1.67 and fluoride, 0.05 mM. The relatively low activity of serums and plasmas was shown to arise from the presence of a number of ionic inhibitors. Pyrophosphate ion is one such inhibitor but cannot account for the major inhibition. Both anionic and cationic inhibitors were shown to be present, with the cations respresenting the major portion. The following ions at their reported physiological concentration were shown to be inhibitors in synthetic systems: P7O 7 4− , HCO 3 − , SiO 4 2− , CrO 4 2− , Mg2+, Zn2+. In combination, these ions caused a total inhibition similar to those for plasmas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between social class perceptions and major retail center patronage decisions is analyzed and the analysis is a departure from traditional trading area delineation studie... and it is shown that social class perception affects major retail centers' patronage decisions.
Abstract: Relationships between social class perceptions and major retail center patronage decisions are analyzed in this article. The analysis is a departure from traditional trading area delineation studie...