Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1974"
TL;DR: It is proposed that thiols reduce nitroblue tetrazolium by at least two different pathways, one of which involves O2- and is therefore inhibitable by superoxide dismutase.
547 citations
TL;DR: Collagen moleculess with the chain comizposition [α1(III)]3, have been isolated from pepsin-solubilized collagen of dermis, aorta, and leiomlyoma of the uterus by differential salt precipitation and exhibit several other compositional differences when compared to α1 (I), α1(II), or α2 chains from human tissues.
Abstract: Collagen moleculess with the chain comizposition [alpha1(III)](3), have been isolated from pepsin-solubilized collagen of dermis, aorta, and leiomlyoma of the uterus by differential salt precipitation. On denaturation, approximately 90 percent of this collagen is recovered as a gamma component (300,000 daltons). Reduction and alkylation of the high-molecular-weight component yields alpha1(III) chains (95,000 daltons). In addition to containing cysteine, alpha1(III) chains exhibit several other compositional differences when compared to alpha1(I), alpha1(II), or alpha2 chains from human tissues.
487 citations
TL;DR: This review summarizes the major aspects and current status of the IAB, which has been used in the treatment of several hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction shock and other conditions complicating the course of ischemic heart disease and characterized by low-output failure.
192 citations
TL;DR: A combination of data from several laboratories indicates that if only one of the three major coronary arterial branches (left anterior descending, left circumflex or right) is significantly stenosed, the annual mortality rate will be approximately 2 percent of the cohort.
Abstract: An understanding of the natural history of angina pectoris is crucial to decision making in the management of patients with this disease. Early investigations suggested a highly variable annual mortality rate, ranging from 2.5 to 9 percent. These studies clearly pointed to the association of certain electrocardiographic changes, hypertension, cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure with increased mortality. Several recent studies based on findings at coronary arteriography indicate a high degree of correlation between the extent of coronary atherosclerotic occlusive disease and the likelihood of early death. A combination of data from several laboratories indicates that if only one of the three major coronary arterial branches (left anterior descending, left circumflex or right) is significantly stenosed, the annual mortality rate will be approximately 2 percent of the cohort. If two of the three major arteries are stenosed, the rate will be approximately 7 percent, and if all three arteries are stenosed, it will be approximately 11 percent. Some data suggest that these mortality figures based on the extent of atherosclerotic occlusive disease are importantly modulated by the extent of ventricular myocardial impairment as reflected by cardiac enlargement or symptoms of congestive heart failure.
176 citations
173 citations
TL;DR: Tropoelastin, the non-cross-linked precursor of the elastic fiber, is shown by electron microscopy to form filaments upon coacervation, suggesting that the hydrophobic interactions involved in coac conservation are an ordering force prior to cross-linkage.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a field study was conducted providing empirical evidence that variables contained in the Dulany theory popularly adapted by Fishbein are situation bound in their effects on consumer brand purchase.
Abstract: A field study was conducted providing empirical evidence that variables contained in the Dulany theory popularly adapted by Fishbein are situation bound in their effects on consumer brand purchase ...
142 citations
TL;DR: Inhibition obtained with diHydropteroylhexaglutamate and dihydropteroysltriglutamate is sufficient to warrant consideration of these compounds as physiological regulators of thymidylate formation.
135 citations
TL;DR: Two cases of sudden death are described, a boy of 16 and a woman of 34, both of whom had marked narrowing of the atrioventricular (A-V) node artery and fibrosis in the His bundle and the possible functional inter-relationship of these factors is discussed.
Abstract: Two cases of sudden death are described, a boy of 16 and a woman of 34. Both had marked narrowing of the atrioventricular (A-V) node artery and fibrosis in the His bundle. Whereas he had been known to have complete heart block for several years, she was thought to be in excellent health until her sudden unexpected death. The degree of fibrosis in his His bundle was so extensive that one can doubt any effective transmission of a sinus impulse. Her His bundle was much less involved, but this may have been the consequence of her death during an initial mal-function of this crucial region of the heart, whereas prolonged survival of the boy (by electronic pacing) permitted a final view of the later histological consequences of the same initial arterial lesion. Both also had a mild degree of myocarditis and narrowing of a few other small coronary arteries (the large ones were normal). The possible functional inter-relationship of these factors is discussed.
134 citations
TL;DR: Treatment of pregnant mice with 5 mg/kg ochratoxin A on one of gestation days 7–12 resulted in increased prenatal mortality, decreased fetal weight (with the exception of those treated on day 9), and various fetal malformations.
Abstract: Treatment of pregnant mice ip with 5 mg/kg ochratoxin A on one of gestation days 7–12 resulted in increased prenatal mortality, decreased fetal weight (with the exception of those treated on day 9), and various fetal malformations. Exencephaly and anomalies of the eyes, face, digits, and tail were the most common defects. The most severe malformations were complete median facial clefts associated with exencephaly and eye defects. Skeletal defects also were noted involving the ribs, vertebrae, and skull.
122 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are an integral component of the clinical picture of scleroderma heart disease, that this is associated with structural abnormalities in the centers of impulse formation and conduct, and that widespread narrowing lesions of the small coronary arteries are important as a basis for fibrotic and degenerative changes throughout the heart.
Abstract: In eight cases of scleroderma heart disease studied at necropsy special attention was paid to the cardiac conduction system and the coronary arteries. Six of the eight patients died suddenly, and all had some form of electrical instability of the heart. Distinct morphological abnormalities were present in the sinus node, atrioventricular (A-V) node and His bundle of every case, with sclerotic destruction of the sinus node being particularly striking in four of the hearts. Widespread lesions of the small coronary arteries (less than 1 mm diameter) were present in the ventricular myocardium, the sinus node artery and the A-V node artery. These lesions included mural and intimal fibrosis, endothelial proliferation, medial hyperplasia, fibrinoid necrosis and platelet-fibrin clots. The large coronary arteries were conspicuously normal or minimally diseased except in one case, and in that example there was no myocardial disease attributable to the single large coronary lesion found. It is concluded that arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are an integral component of the clinical picture of scleroderma heart disease, that this is associated with structural abnormalities in the centers of impulse formation and conduction, and that widespread narrowing lesions of the small coronary arteries (but not the major trunks) are important as a basis for fibrotic and degenerative changes throughout the heart. Some components of the fibrosis, particularly in the sinus node, seem disproportionate and suggest that both microvascular and primary collagen abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of scleroderma heart disease.
TL;DR: The route of passive ion permeation was through symmetrical extracellular interfaces, presumably tight junctions, characterized by neutral polar sites in which electroneutrality is maintained by mobile counterions.
Abstract: This paper describes experiments designed to evaluate Na+ and Cl- transport in isolated proximal straight tubules from rabbit kidneys. When the perfusing solution was Krebs-Ringer buffer with 25 mM HCO3- (KRB) and the bath contained KRB plus 6% albumin, net volume reabsorption (Jv, nl min-1 mm-1 was -0.46 ± 0.03 (SEM); Ve, the spontaneous transepithelial potential difference, was -1.13 ± 0.05 mV, lumen negative. Both Jv, and Ve, were reduced to zero at 21°C or with 10-4 M ouabain, but Jv, was not HCO3- dependent. Net Na+ reabsorption, measured as the difference between 22Na+ fluxes, lumen to bath and bath to lumen, accounted quantitatively for volume reabsorption, assuming the latter to be an isotonic process, and was in agreement with the difference between lumen to bath 22Na+ fluxes during volume reabsorption and at zero volume flow. The observed flux ratio for Na+ was 1.46, and that predicted for a passive process was 0.99; thus, Na+ reabsorption was rationalized in terms of an active transport process. The Cl- concentration of tubular fluid rose from 113.6 to 132.3 mM during volume reabsorption. Since Ve, rose to +0.82 mV when tubules were perfused with 138.6 mM Cl- solutions, Ve may become positive when tubular fluid Cl- concentrations rise during volume reabsorption. The permeability coefficients PNa and PCl computed from tracer fluxes were, respectively, 0.23 x 10-4 and 0.73 x 10-4 cm s-1. A PNa/PCl ratio of 0.3 described NaCl dilution potentials at zero volume flow. The magnitudes of the potentials were the same for a given NaCl gradient in either direction and PNa/PCl was constant in the range 32–139 mM NaCl. We infer that the route of passive ion permeation was through symmetrical extracellular interfaces, presumably tight junctions, characterized by neutral polar sites in which electroneutrality is maintained by mobile counterions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions of polymeric analogs of benzyl-diphenylphosphine and -triphenyl phosphine with a variety of metal carbonyls have been examined using both thermal and photochemical techniques.
TL;DR: The present data suggest that skinfold thickness recorded 60 s after caliper application and the difference between the 15- and 60-s readings provide estimates of fat stores and subcutaneous interstitial water, respectively, which can be used for noninvasive studies of perinatal body composition and nutrition.
Abstract: Extract: Midtricipital (MT) and subscapular (SS) skinfolds were measured within 24 hr of birth in 23 normally grown mature (NG-M); 23 normally grown premature (NG-P); 6 intrauterine growth-retarded mature (IGR-M); and 7 intrauterine growth-retarded premature (IGR-P) infants. A rapid initial decrease in measured skinfold thickness (SFT) occurred after application of a Harpenden caliper, but readings stabilized by 60 s (SFT60). Measurements were recorded at 15 and 60 s. The difference between 15− and 60-s readings was expressed in percentage of the 15-s reading (percentage ΔSFT). The amount of subcutaneous fat, estimated from the SFT60 measurements, was affected by duration of gestation in the NG-M and NG-P and the IGR-M and IGR-P groups. In both NG groups, good linear correlations with birth weight (r = 0.852 at MT and 0.874 at SS, P < 0.001) and with gestational age (r = 0.842 at MT and r = 0.804 at SS, p < 0.001) were evident. Values for intrauterine growth-retarded infants deviated markedly from the mean SFT60 expected for their gestational age. Percentage ΔSFT was affected by duration of maturation but not by impaired intrauterine growth. It correlated with gestational age (r = −0.777 at MT and −0.773 at SS, P < 0.001) and with maximal postnatal weight loss (r = 0.579 at MT and 0.553 at SS, P < 0.001) in all groups and with birth weight in the premature groups only (r = −0.479 at MT and −0.520 at SS, P < 0.01). The similarity of these trends with those of direct extracellular water measurements suggested that percentage ΔSFT may be an estimate of subcutaneous interstitial water. Speculation: Changes in body composition during fetal life include fat deposition in the subcutaneous and internal body stores and a decrease in the proportion of body weight occupied by water. Intrauterine growth retardation results in lower fat stores and expansion of all body water compartments. The present data suggest that skinfold thickness recorded 60 s after caliper application and the difference between the 15-and 60-s readings provide estimates of fat stores and subcutaneous interstitial water, respectively. Caliper skinfold measurements can therefore be used for noninvasive studies of perinatal body composition and nutrition.
TL;DR: It is suggested that significantly fewer branches and segments of grafted arteries are seen following bypass grafting, and new totally occlusive lesions are considerably more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries and are not related to graft patency at one year after surgery.
Abstract: Progression of disease in the native coronary arterial circulation was studied in 121 patients who underwent saphenous vein bypass graft surgery at the University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham, between 1969 and 1972, and who had a second coronary arteriogram at a mean interval of 11.7 months later. Two hundred thirteen arteries (10 triple, 74 double, 37 single) were grafted and 148 were not. Graft patency rate was 72%. Stenotic obstructive lesions in defined arterial segments and major branches were recorded for each artery at each examination. Pre and postoperative arteriograms were reviewed at the same time. Disease was expressed as "% stenosis" of each segment or branch examined. An arterial score, which was the sum of segments and branches seen on each occasion, was calculated for each artery and the scores were compared. New total occlusion, new obstructive lesions, and progression of pre-existing lesions were five times more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries with comparable initial disease. New and progressive lesions were encountered with the same frequency in arteries with patent and occluded grafts. They occurred more frequently in segments proximal to the graft than in distal segments. Arteries with moderate (less than 75%) and arteries with severe (75-99%) stenosis had similar progression rates. Only 2% of segments of ungrafted arteries showed new total occlusions as compared to 60% of grafted arteries. The arterial score fell by 34% in grafted arteries and did not change in nongrafted arteries. These findings suggest that significantly fewer branches and segments of grafted arteries are seen following bypass grafting. New totally occlusive lesions are considerably more frequent in grafted than in nongrafted arteries and are not related to graft patency at one year after surgery. Disease progression in ungrafted vessels is relatively slow. These changes in the coronary arteries should be considered when assessing patients, particularly those with moderate degrees of stenosis, for bypass grafting.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for generating a sequence of random variates from an empirical distribution was proposed, and the proposed method requires less computation time than two standard methods but requires only ten more words of memory.
Abstract: This note presents a method for generating a sequence of random variates from an empirical distribution. Computational results show that the proposed method requires less computation time than two standard methods but requires only ten more words of memory. The savings in time becomes more significant as the number of distinct values contained in the distribution, or the sample size increases.
TL;DR: As previous nuclear magnetic resonance studies have demonstrated that the polytetrapeptide is comprised of repeating β-turns, the absorption and circular dichroism data is presented as a model system for the β- turn conformational feature which is commonly found in globular proteins.
TL;DR: Varying degrees of acid mine pollution were reflected by changes in the macroinvertebrate community structure and strong positive correlation existed between hardness, iron, manganese, pH, conductivity, and sulphur.
TL;DR: Aristotle's theory of causes was interpreted as a theory of explanations in this article, where the term "explanation" has substantially the sense of Hempel and Oppenheim, who construe explanations as deductions.
Abstract: What has traditionally been labelled ‘Aristotle's theory of causes’ would be more intelligible if construed as ‘Aristotle's theory of explanations’, where the term ‘explanation’ has substantially the sense of Hempel and Oppenheim, who construe explanations as deductions. For Aristotle, specifying ‘causes’ is constructing demonstrations.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The deuterium substituted hexapeptide HCO-Ala1-Pro2-(2H2) Gly3-Val4-Gly5-Val6-OMe allowed completion of the proton assignments and specifically the definitive assignments of the Gly3 and Gly5 resonances, and led to the proposal of two hydrogen bonds between the Ala1 C-O and the Val4NH and the second between the Gly5C-O
Abstract: It is apparent at each level of microscopic examination that connective tissue components of the arterial wall are beautifully organized molecular constructs Similarly, it is evident that transition from a healthy, elastic arterial wall to a diseased, sclerotic arterial wall involves changes in those molecular constructs — changes which can be described in terms of the forces that bind atoms, ions, and molecules together Our interest centers on the molecular aspects of this transition, ie, on the molecular pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
TL;DR: Left ventricular preload was most elevated in subjects with coronary artery disease associated with segmental left ventricular dyskinesis or akinesis, and no significant differences inleft ventricular afterload were noted between subject groups, although those with hypertrophic cardiac disease had the lowest calculated values.
Abstract: Left ventricular circumferential wall stress at end-diastole (preload) and at the end of isovolumic left ventricular contraction (afterload) was calculated in 48 subjects with chronic myocardial and valvular heart disease by using left ventricular internal dimensions and wall thickness measured by quantitative echocardiography, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and aortic end-diastolic pressure. These calculations were then compared with similar determinations made using quantitative angiocardiography. Left ventricular preload and afterload determined by quantitative echocardiography and quantitative angiocardiography correlated significantly (r = 0.978 and 0.864, respectively). Left ventricular preloads of 30 x 103 dynes/cm2 in subjects with mitral stenosis and 39 x 103 dynes/cm2 in subjects with coronary artery disease unassociated with left ventricular dysfunction or mitral regurgitation were close to or within the normal range (32 x 103 ± 4 x 103 dynes/cm2). Left ventricular preload in subjects...
TL;DR: The morphological variants of dermal fibrous histiocytomas have engendered a confusing terminology and these variants were studied in order to define the morphological spectrum exhibited by these lesions.
Abstract: The morphological variants of dermal fibrous histiocytomas have engendered a confusing terminology. One hundred and eighty-nine cases of fibrous histiocytomas were studied in order to define the morphological spectrum exhibited by these lesions.
Based on the prevailing morphological components, fibrocollagenous, vascular, or histiocytie. an arbitrary division into three main categories was made. A fourth group was defined to include those cases in which a fully developed storiform pattern was the dominant morphological feature. The majority (115 cases) of the lesions were of the fibrocollagenous variety. Lesions with an angiomatous component (vascular variety) were the next most common (41 cases). Thirteen of the tumors were of the histiocytic variety.
Twenty tumors were of the storiform variety and fulfilled many of the microscopic criteria of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. This latter group often presents a diagnostic problem and may stimulate fibrosarcoma, aggressive fibromatosis or other connective tissue neoplasias. The combination of several clinical and pathological features are helpful in better separating this variety from the more benign forms.
The presence of different well-defined morphological components developing in the same tumors suggests a common origin.
TL;DR: St Sturgeon notochord and cartilage collagens have been characterized with respect to chromatographic properties, amino acid composition, carbohydrate content, and cyanogen bromide cleavage products of the component α chains and it is shown that the collagen of both tissues is comprised of a single type of α chain.
TL;DR: In this paper, an exact Fokker-Planck equation for the density function corresponding to the reduced atomic density operator in the diagonal atomic-state representation has been derived in an elementary fashion for arbitrary atomic states which are sufficiently removed from the state of complete inversion.
Abstract: The super-radiant master equation (SME) of Bonifacio et al. is analyzed using the coherent-atomic-state representation. We have succeeded in deriving an exact Fokker-Planck equation for the density function corresponding to the reduced atomic density operator in the diagonal atomic-state representation. A solution to the Fokker-Planck equation has been provided in an elementary fashion for arbitrary atomic states which are sufficiently removed from the state of complete inversion at time zero. The general solution for arbitrary initial conditions (including the initial state of complete inversion) has been obtained using the method of eigen-function expansions and the final result expressed in terms of an integral over the initial density function. The moments of the collective atomic operators are also discussed.
TL;DR: During complete AV block produced by selective administration of physostigmine into the AV node artery of the dog, there is a stable escape rhythm which has properties of automaticity (rather than re-entry) and which has narrow QRS complexes similar to those during sinus rhythm.
Abstract: During complete AV block produced by selective administration of physostigmine into the AV node artery of the dog, there is a stable escape rhythm which has properties of automaticity (rather than re-entry) and which has narrow QRS complexes similar to those during sinus rhythm. No other stable escape rhythm occurred. This rhythm (AVJ-2) had a rate which bore a constant mathematical relation to that of control sinus rhythm (AVJ-2 :SR = 2:9) and also to the rate of the escape AV junctional rhythm (AVJ-1) which emerges during selective suppression of the sinus node without AV block (AVJ-2:AVJ-1 = 1:3).
TL;DR: The data suggest that left ventricular compliance is sensitive to the magnitude of LV segmental disease and is influenced less by changes in ventricular size in postmyocardial infarction patients.
TL;DR: Proton exchange rates reflect not only exposure to solvent, but also proximity to functional groups of the peptide which catalyse exchange and factors which determine the temperature dependence of NH chemical shifts are as yet poorly understood.
Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL analysis of peptides in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy generally involves determination of the relative exposure to solvent of specific NH hydrogens1–4. The four methods used so far are based on: (1) rates of NH proton exchange with labile hydrogens of the solvent5–6; (2) temperature dependence of chemical shifts of NH resonances7–8; (3) dependence of NH chemical shifts on the composition of a suitable solvent mixture3,9–11, and (4) degree of resonance broadening when a paramagnetic substance is added12. Each method has limitations. Proton exchange rates reflect not only exposure to solvent, but also proximity to functional groups of the peptide which catalyse exchange. Factors which determine the temperature dependence of NH chemical shifts are as yet poorly understood. Changes in solvent composition can alter the conformation of the peptide11. Paramagnetic ions may associate preferentially with the solvent or with specific sites on the peptide.