Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1977"
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01 Jan 1977TL;DR: In this article, the philosophy of selecting and ordering populations has been studied in the context of normal distribution models, and the main focus of this paper is on the following: 1. Selecting the one best population for Normal Distributions with Common Known Variance (CKV) 2.
Abstract: 1. The Philosophy of Selecting and Ordering Populations 2. Selecting the One Best Population for Normal Distributions with Common Known Variance 3. Selecting the One Best Population for Other Normal Distribution Models 4. Selecting the One Best Population Bionomial (or Bernoulli) Distributions 5. Selecting the One Normal Population with the Smallest Variance 6. Selecting the One Best Category for the Multinomial Distribution 7. Nonparametric Selection Procedures 8. Selection Procedures for a Design with Paired Comparisons 9. Selecting the Normal Population with the Best Regression Value 10. Selecting Normal Populations Better than a Control 11. Selecting the t Best Out of k Populations 12. Complete Ordering of k Populations 13. Subset Selection (or Elimination) Procedures 14. Selecting the Best Gamma Population 15. Selection Procedures for Multivariate Normal Distributions Appendix A. Tables for Normal Means Selection Problems Appendix B. Figures for Normal Means Selection Problems Appendix C. Table of the Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution F(z) Appendix D. Table of Critical Values for the Chi-Square Distribution Appendix E. Tables for Binomial Selection Problems Appendix F. Figures for Binomial Selection Problems Appendix G. Tables for Normal Variances Selection Problems Appendix H. Tables for Multinomial Selection Problems Appendix I. Curtailment Tables for the Multinomial Selection Problem Appendix J. Tables of the Incomplete Beta Function Appendix K. Tables for Nonparametric Selection Problems Appendix L. Tables for Paired-Comparison Selection Problems Appendix M. Tables for Selecting from k Normal Populations Those Better Than a Control Appendix N. Tables for Selecting the t Best Normal Populations Appendix O. Table of Critical Values of Fisher's F Distribution Appendix P. Tables for Complete Ordering Problems Appendix Q. Tables for Subset Selection Problems Appendix R. Tables for Gamma Distribution Problems Appendix S. Tables for Multivariate Selection Problems Appendix T. Excerpt of Table of Random Numbers Appendix U. Table of Squares and Square Roots Bibliography References for Applications Index for Data and Examples Name Index Subject Index.
357 citations
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TL;DR: This discussion of the sinus node begins with a description of its normal anatomy, particularly in the human heart, and then proceeds to a review of the several pathologic changes known to affect thesinus node.
Abstract: This discussion of the sinus node begins with a description of its normal anatomy, particularly in the human heart, and then proceeds to a review of the several pathologic changes known to affect the sinus node. The latter include diseases of the sinus node artery, changes in the normal collagen framework of the node, pericarditis and certain infiltrative processes. The concluding section combines an examination of function and structure of the sinus node on the basis of experimental observations. Some new laws of the heart dealing with governance of normal cardiac rhythm are presented.
169 citations
TL;DR: Spectral properties which are characteristically used to evaluate conformation are shown to differ at different concentrations, providing an explanation for conflicting results of previous studies.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three new concepts are introduced which relate to the independent entrepreneurial venture: (a) the Four-P Index (perceived payoff per principal), (b) the Life-Cycle of the Independent Entrepreneurial Venture, and (c) the Succession of Firms Concept.
Abstract: Confusion about concepts and terminology can be reduced by classifying types of entrepreneurs and their ventures. Three new concepts are introduced which relate to the independent entrepreneurial venture: (a) the Four-P Index (perceived payoff per principal), (b) the Life-Cycle of the Independent Entrepreneurial Venture, and (c) the “Succession of Firms” Concept.
102 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that glucose-insulin-potassium infusion, while causing prompt alteration in myocardial substrate utilization from lipid to carbohydrate, produces no significant measurable change in my heart rate, but such infusion is accompanied by a measurable increase in coronary sinus blood flow and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance.
Abstract: To determine whether myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) might be reduced when myocardial substrate uptake is changed from predominantly lipid to predominantly carbohydrate, measurements of arterialcoronary sinus glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, oxygen, carbon dioxide and coronary sinus blood flow (by thermodilution) were obtained in 13 fasting patients. Measurements were initially made in a basal control state and then repeated at 10, 20 and 30 minutes during an infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium. After 30 minutes of infusion, there was a three-fold increase in myocardial glucose uptake (44 ± 10 to 145 ± 19 +μmoles/min [mean ± standard error of the mean], P < 0.01), a two-fold increase in myocardial lactate uptake (35 ± 4 to 77 ± 10 μmoles/min, P < 0.001) and a 75 percent decrease in myocardial free fatty acid uptake (34 ± 5 to 9 ± 3 μmoles/min, P < 0.01). Cardiac respiratory quotient rose from 0.70 ± 0.05 to 0.93 ± 0.08 (P < 0.001). Sum of oxygen extraction ratios for glucose and lactate rose from 51 ± 7 percent at control to 155 ± 22 percent at 30 minutes of infusion (P < 0.001) and suggested that much of the enhanced myocardial carbohydrate uptake met a nonoxidative fate, such as glycogen formation. During glucose-insulin-potassium infusion, arterial-coronary sinus oxygen decreased by 13 percent, coronary sinus blood flow increased by 12 percent and MVO2 was unchanged. The increase in coronary sinus blood flow was associated with a 13 percent decrease in coronary vascular resistance and a small, but significant, increase in serum osmolarity (289 ± 3 to 299 ± 3 mOsm/liter, P < 0.001).
It is concluded that glucose-insulin-potassium infusion, while causing prompt alteration in myocardial substrate utilization from lipid to carbohydrate, produces no significant measurable change in myocardial oxygen consumption. However, such infusion is accompanied by a measurable increase in coronary sinus blood flow and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance.
102 citations
TL;DR: A surgical protocol based on these data has been developed and the right ventricular-left ventricular systolic pressure ratio after repair without patch-graft enlargement across the ring was related to the size of the ring.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the ways in which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) alters water and solute permeation across isolated, rabbit cortical collecting tubules.
Abstract: The present studies were designed to assess the ways in which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) alters water and solute permeation across isolated, rabbit cortical collecting tubules. In earlier work, it was observed: that ADH produced a tenfold increment inPf (cm per sec), the osmotic water permeability coefficient, and a fourfold increment inPDw (cm per sec), the diffusional water permeability coefficient; that small hydrophilic solutes such as urea, thiourea and acetamide (each having oil/water partition coefficients≦0.0008) had vanishingly low permeation coefficients and unity reflection coefficients, even in the presence of ADH; that lumen to bath osmosis involved a transcellular route; and, that the disparity betweenPf andPDw, either with or without ADH, could be rationalized in terms of cellular diffusion constraints, i.e., that water transport across luminal membranes was diffusional.
92 citations
TL;DR: Although the PATS Inventory and the ASK Test as presently constructed may be clinically useful particularly with respect to parental counseling, continued research appears warranted to enhance their usefulness as research and clinical instruments.
88 citations
TL;DR: The crystal structure of Na[N{Si(CH3)3}2] has been determined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction data collected by counter methods.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the use of a new carbonaceous adsorbent, Ambersorb XE-340 (Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.), was investigated.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytic technique for deleting predictor variables from a linear regression model when principal components of X'X are removed to adjust for multicollinearities in the data is presented.
Abstract: SUMMARY This paper presents an analytic technique for deleting predictor variables from a linear regression model when principal components of X'X are removed to adjust for multicollinearities in the data. The technique can be adapted to commonly used variable selection procedures such as backward elimination to eliminate redundant predictor variables without appreciably increasing the residual sum of squares. An analysis of the pitprop data of Jeffers (1967) is performed to illustrate the methods proposed in the paper. THE use of principal component procedures in either multivariate analysis or multiple linear regression generally results in a reduction of the rank of the variable space. A shortcoming often mentioned, however, is that there is no corresponding reduction in the number of original variables which must be measured. Draper (1964) became well aware of this problem when he attempted to eliminate redundant quality tests on reels of paper. Although Draper concludes that the principal components do not aid in deciding which properties of the paper to test, Jeffers (1965) argues they do, in fact, provide such information. Jolliffe (1972) discusses eight methods of reducing the number of variables in multivariate problems, four of which utilize principal components. In a second paper, Jolliffe (1973) applies five of the eight techniques to real data, including a multiple linear regression analysis. This latter example concerns the pitprop data of Jeffers (1967), in which he used principal com- ponents to provide insight into which physical properties should be used to investigate the compressive strength of the props. The purpose of this paper is to present another method of reducing the number of indepen- dent variables in a principal component regression analysis. The procedure first deletes principal components associated with small latent roots of X'X and then incorporates an analog of the backward elimination procedure (e.g. Draper and Smith, 1966, Chapter 6) to eliminate the independent variables. This furnishes an analytic procedure for deleting vari- ables, when using a principal component analysis, which is based upon minimal increases in residual sums of squares.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of fly ash as an amendment for strip mine soils has been studied under field conditions, and the results showed that fly ash was effective as an acid soil neutralizer and substantially enhanced the growth and development of all experimental plants.
Abstract: The use of fly ash as an amendment for strip mine soils has been studied under field conditions. Spoils ranging in pH from 4.0–6.0 were tested. The addition of fly ash in all cases was effective as an acid soil neutralizer and substantially enhanced the growth and development of all experimental plants. The parameters used in growth analyses were plant height, dry weight, root/shoot ratios, nodulation, pod production, and nitrogen fixing capacity for legumes. re]19761004
TL;DR: In this article, overcorrection procedures were used in an effort to suppress stereotyped movements by two severely retarded subjects, and the suppression was not durable over a six-month interval.
Abstract: Overcorrection procedures were used in an effort to suppress stereotyped movements by two severely retarded subjects Inhibition of stereotypic responding was found to be a direct function of trainer-subject proximity The closer the trainer moved toward the subject, the less stereotypic responding Suppression of body-rocking in one subject was associated with increased collateral stereotypic behaviors Furthermore, treatment procedures for head-weaving activity of the other subject was associated with increases in certain "emotional" behaviors Little generalization of suppression was observed from the training environment to the ward living area Moreover, suppression was not durable over a six-month interval
TL;DR: The mechanism of activation of e-prototoxin to e-toxin has been ascertained from partial amino acid sequences of both e-Prototoxin and e-Toxin by ascertaining a peptide bond between Lys14 - Ala15.
TL;DR: QSS appears to be useful in detecting inflammatory sacroiliitis associated with B27 positivity before the development of radiographic disease, and it may be an objective tool in assessing the short-term therapy of inflammatory sacROiliitis.
Abstract: Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy (QSS) was performed on 34 patients suspected of having ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with low back pain and stiffness of recent onset, by utilizing three technical features not previously described: fractional scintigraphy of the sacroiliac (SI) joints, background subtraction, and drug washout. Imaging was performed with a 140-keV, high-resolution collimator, and the data were recorded and processed with an Ohio Nuclear 150 System, 3 hours after administration of 17 mCi of 99m Tc ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) per 70 kg of body weight. The SI index determined by QSS was compared with diagnostic tissue-typing for HLA–B27 and standard radiography of the SI joints to assess the potential of QSS to discriminate inflammatory sacroiliitis from nonspecific low back strain. Twenty-three of the 34 patients were positive for HLA–B27 and they had a mean index by QSS of 2.09. All but 1 had an index exceeding 1.7. Only 5 of these B27-positive patients had early radiographic sacroiliitis. The 11 B27-negative patients had a mean index by QSS of 1.52, and none had radiographic sacroiliitis. The mean values for 46 controls and 10 patients with classic AS, B27 positivity, and complete sclerosis of their SI joints were 1.32 and 1.38, respectively, suggesting that the elevated SI indices found by QSS in the symptomatic B27-positive patients do reflect inflammatory sacroiliitis. Five of the recently symptomatic B27-positive patients with elevated indices had repeat QSS after 3 weeks of therapy with conventional antiin-flammatory drugs and had a reduction in their SI index. QSS appears to be useful in detecting inflammatory sacroiliitis associated with B27 positivity before the development of radiographic disease, and it may be an objective tool in assessing the short-term therapy of inflammatory sacroiliitis.
TL;DR: All of the repeat peptides of tropoelastin were found to contain the β-turn with Pro2 and Gly3 at the corners as a dominant conformational feature (see Figure 1).
Abstract: In a recent review (1) entitled “Conformations of the Repeat Peptides of Elastin in Solution: An Application of Proton and Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance to the Determination of Polypeptide Secondary Structure”, the secondary structures of the monomers and polymers of the repeat peptides of tropoelastin were described. The repeat peptides, as reported by Foster et al. (2) and Gray et al. (3) but with the permutation given in terms of the conformational unit, are Val1-Pro2-Gly3-Gly4, Val1-Pro2-Gly3-Val4-Gly5, and Ala1-Pro2-Gly3-Val4-Gly5-Val6. Derivatives of these monomers, their permutations, oligomers and high polymers were studied in four different solvents dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, trifluoroethanol and water. More recently each of the three monomers have been studied in chloroform and their possible conformations examined by means of extensive conformational energy calculations (4–6). In each solvent and in the conformational energy calculations, all of the repeat peptides were found to contain the β-turn with Pro2 and Gly3 at the corners as a dominant conformational feature (see Figure 1). This β-turn utilizes a hydrogen bond between the C-O of residue 1 and the N-H of residue 4.
TL;DR: This technique appears to be applicable to most types of aneurysmal disease of the proximal ascending aorta associated with aortic valve incompetence and bleeding through the graft is eliminated, operative time is reduced, and the late results have been satisfactory to date.
TL;DR: The study demonstrated the favorable effect on cardiac output of vasodilator therapy in combination with blood volume expansion in hypertensive infants early after intracardiac surgery.
Abstract: Sixteen infants less than 18 months old were studied within 3 hours of intracardiac surgery. Initial mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance levels were higher than normal in each infant (99 ± 17.2 mm Hg and 48 ± 18.1 units·m 2 , respectively [mean ± standard deviation]); cardiac index was low (1.9 ± 0.48 liters·min −1 ·m −2 ) and mean left and right atrial pressures were 11.4 ± 2.39 and 12.5 ± 3.10 mm Hg, respectively. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 29 mm Hg; pulmonary vascular resistance was 8.6 units·m 2 . When nitroprusside was infused to reduce mean arterial pressure to about normal, cardiac index increased 17 percent and mean left and right atrial pressures decreased 25 and 22 percent, respectively. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased 31 percent. When atrial pressures returned to initial values after infusion of blood with continued infusion of nitroprusside, cardiac index increased another 24 percent. When administration of nitroprusside was discontinued, cardiac index decreased to 116 percent of the initial value and mean atrial pressure increased to 90 percent of the initial value. The study demonstrated the favorable effect on cardiac output of vasodilator therapy in combination with blood volume expansion in hypertensive infants early after intracardiac surgery. An empirical equation interrelating atrial and arterial pressures and cardiac index was derived from the data.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model to evaluate the audience exposure pattern of a specific combination of between-media and within-medium combinations of alternative media vehicles, and evaluate the plans by answering two essential questions about each: (1) what proportion of the total potential audience will be exposed to the advertisements in the schedule, and (2) how often will each exposed audience member see an advertisement.
Abstract: Media analysts translating an advertising budget into a specific media plan typically must choose from a very large number of both between-media and withinmedium combinations of alternative media vehicles. Each specific combination chosen will yield a unique audience exposure pattern (i.e., the number of people, households, women, and other possible demographic groupings that are exposed to 1,2, ..., mof the vehicles selected). Thus to evaluate the plans, the media buyer must answer two essential questions about each: (1) what proportion of the total potential audience will be exposed to the advertisements in the schedule, and (2) how often will each exposed audience member see an advertisement in the schedule?
TL;DR: This and other analyses indicate that in general, patients with the Braunwald-Cutter aortic prosthesis should have it replaced 4 1/2 to 5 years after its insertion.
TL;DR: In this article, the pseudo reference state approach to the correction of CD data, when applied to the purple membrane system, results in a CD spectrum which, in its entirety, is typical of a protein with about 75% α-helix.
TL;DR: It is indicated that there is little difference between teenagers who attempt suicide and those who think about it or threaten it, and the necessity of studying the sexes separately is highlighted.
Abstract: From a nationwide study of 830 white, emotionally disturbed adolesceents, ages 12 to 18, three samples were selected for study. One consisted of all boys (N = 31) and girls (N = 67) referred for treatment after suicide at tempts. The second included those boys (N = 7) and girls (N = 22) referred for suicidal thoughts and threats, as well as suicide attempts. The third was comprised of those boys (N = 13) and girls (N = 12) referred for suicidal thoughts and threats, but who had made no known suicide attempts. Both self-and psychotherapist ratings on 1,250 variables were examined by comparing the endorsement rates for boys and girls in each criterion group separately with those of the remaining sample of disturbed adolescents who had Not been referred for suicidal behavior. Our results confirm some past findings and introduce a large number of new correlates of adolescent suicidal behavior. They indicate that there is little difference between teenagers who attempt suicide and those who think about it or threaten it. The findings also highlight the necessity of studying the sexes separately.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the hepatoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenases are not the result of the de-repression of genes normally repressed in adult rat liver or in some other adult tissue.
Abstract: The pre- and post-natal ontogeny of Sprague-Dawley rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase [aldehyde-NAD(P)(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.5] is described. At no time in its ontogenetic development does normal liver aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit any of the characteristics of a series of unique aldehyde dehydrogenases that can be isolated from 2-acetamidofluorene-induced rat hepatomas. Enzyme activity is first detectable in 15-day foetal liver and gradually increases throughout pre- and post-natal development until adult activities are attained by day 49 after birth. Electrophoretically, normal aldehyde dehydrogenase, throughout its ontogeny, exists as the same single isoenzyme found in normal adult liver. Isoelectric points for two normal liver isoenzymes demonstrable by isoelectric focusing are pH5.9 and 6.0. The immunochemical properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase during its ontogeny are identical with those of normal adult liver aldehyde dehydrogenase when tested against anti-(hepatoma aldehyde dehydrogenase) serum in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. The results indicate that the hepatoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenases are not the result of the de-repression of genes normally repressed in adult rat liver or in some other adult tissue.
TL;DR: Pulse-labeling of infected cells with 35SO42− at various times after inhibition of protein sy thesis by cycloheximide showed that sulfation of HA polypeptides continues to occur as long as 30 min or more after synthesis, which suggests that 35SO41− continues to be incorporated into HA polyPEptides even after they migrate from rough membranes.
TL;DR: One hundred two patients underwent re-replacement of the aortic valve, 95 having a first reoperation, 6 a second, and 1 a third; technical problems during reoperation were uncommon.
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the historical roots of the current consumer education movement to develop a broader perspective for planning future directions in consumer education and understand the two orientations (buymanship and life goals) towards consumer education course content.
Abstract: With the recent upsurge of emphasis in consumer education at the State and Federal government levels, consumer educators need to review the historical roots of the current movement to develop a broader perspective for planning future directions in consumer education. It is also necessary to understand the two orientations (buymanship and life goals) towards consumer education course content. Finally, a review of previous research into factors that influence the level of consumer economic competency is required.
TL;DR: The mathematical model reproduces satisfactorily the physiological results of experiments previously performed on dogs in this laboratory and is useful in both the design and analysis of biologic experiments to define most known determinants of either normal or abnormal cardiac rhythm.
TL;DR: The crystal structure of (η5-C5H5)2Ti(CO)2 has been determined from singlecrystal X-ray diffraction data collected by counter methods as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In a patient with botulism type B, electrophysiological studies showed a pattern in the repetitive nerve stimulation test resembling that found in the Eaton‐Lambert syndrome but without any significant increment at high rates of stimulation or posttetanic exhaustion phenomenon.
Abstract: In a patient with botulism type B, electrophysiological studies showed: (1) a pattern in the repetitive nerve stimulation test resembling that found in the Eaton-Lambert syndrome but without any significant increment at high rates of stimulation or posttetanic exhaustion phenomenon; (2) a prominent response to guanidine hydrochloride; (3) a short mean duration of motor unit potentials that reversed with recovery; (4) a mild, prolonged latency and low amplitude of the H-reflex; (5) mild peripheral nerve dysfunction; and (6) a long-lasting persistence of abnormalities beyond the time of clinical recovery. The literature reports two types of responses in the repetitive nerve stimulation test in botulism: in the severe form one obtains a low-amplitude muscle potential, a decremental response at low rates of stimulation, and an insignificant incremental response at high rates of stimulation; in the mild form a normal amplitude of muscle potential occurs together with a normal response to low rates of stimulation and a significant incremental response at high rates of stimulation.
TL;DR: In this article, the contributions of couplings with the available inelastic (p, p′) and pick-up channels to the elastic scattering of 30 MeV protons from 40 Ca, 48 Ca and 208 Pb were studied.