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Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1981"


Journal Article
TL;DR: The monoclonal antibody HNK-1, produced against a membrane antigen from the cultured T cell line, HSB-2, defines the first differentiation antigen shown to be selectively expressed on human NK and K cells.
Abstract: A monoclonal IgM antibody (HNK-1) was produced against a membrane antigen from the cultured T cell line, HSB-2 By indirect immunofluorescence, this antibody reacted with certain human cultured T cell lines (HSB-2 and MOLT-4 but not MOLT-3) but not with other lines of B cell or phagocytic cell origin HNK-1 reacted with 151 +/- 71% of normal blood lymphocytes but was unreactive with monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets HNK-1+ cells separated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) were a homogeneous population of medium sized lymphocytes with abundant neutrophilic cytoplasm containing azurophilic granules HNK-1+ cells were nonadherent, surface Ig-, mostly FcIgG receptor+ and both positive and negative for demonstrable sheep erythrocyte (E) rosetting capability Cell suspensions enriched for E-rosetting T cells and depleted of FcIgG receptor+ cells contained few (6%) HNK-1+ cells Depletion of HNK-1+ cells from blood mononuclear cell populations by complement (C) mediated lysis greatly reduced NK activity against K-562 target cells and K cell lytic activity against antibody-coated chicken red blood cells Treatment with HNK-1 alone or C alone did not affect these activities When the FACS was utilized to separate HNK-1+ and HNK-1- cells from 6 individuals, the HNK-1+ cell population contained almost all of the NK and K cell function The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 thus defines the first differentiation antigen shown to be selectively expressed on human NK and K cells

1,346 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a multivariate predictive model of organizational commitment explained a highly significant proportion of the variation in commitment within a combined heterogeneous sample, and subsequent analyses of the model were conducted.
Abstract: A multivariate predictive model of organizational commitment explained a highly significant proportion of the variation in commitment within a combined heterogeneous sample. Subsequent analyses of ...

527 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that ultra-rapid, high dose irradiation schedules may not be so effective as higher dose schedules in the palliation of patients with brain metastases.
Abstract: Between January, 1971, and February, 1976, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group entered 1902 evaluable patients into two sequential Phase III national cooperative trials to study the effectiveness of different time dose radiotherapy schemes on the palliation of patients with brain metastases. Each trial included an optional arm into which patients were randomized to receive 1000 rad/1 fraction (26 patients, First study) or 1200 rad/2 fractions (33 patients, Second study). Comparisons were made with 143 control patients randomized by the same participating institutions to receive a more protracted course of irradiation (2000, 3000 or 4000 rad/1–4 wks). Response of patients receiving ultra-rapid treatment, as assessed by the percent who had improvement in neurologic function, was comparable to that of patients receiving the more protracted schedules. Promptness of neurologic function improvement, treatment morbidity and median survival were also comparable to those of patients receiving 2000 to 4000 rad. However, the duration of improvement, time to progression of neurologic status and rate of complete disappearance of neurologic symptoms were generally less for those patients who received 1000 or 1200 rad. These results suggest that ultra-rapid, high dose irradiation schedules may not be so effective as higher dose schedules in the palliation of patients with brain metastases.

283 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Aug 1981-Cancer
TL;DR: Cis‐platinum appears to be a highly active agent in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix at the dose and schedule tested.
Abstract: Thirty-four patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix no longer amenable to control with surgery and/or radiotherapy were treated with cis-platinum 50 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks. Among 22 patients who had received no prior chemotherapy, three complete and eight partial responses were observed (response rate 50%), whereas only two partial responses were observed among 12 patients who had received prior chemotherapy (response rate 17%). The observed response rate was marginally significantly higher among those with no prior chemotherapy (p = 0.059). The overall frequency of response was 38% (13/34). Responses were observed in those with pelvic (7/20) as well as extrapelvic disease (6/14). Adverse effects included primarily leukopenia (11/34), thrombocytopenia (13/34), nausea and vomiting (29/34), and azotemia (17/34). Adverse effects were generally mild to moderate and hence tolerable. Cis-platinum thus appears to be a highly active agent in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix at the dose and schedule tested.

265 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of 35 patients operated upon for acute traumatic transection of the upper descending thoracic aorta between 1967 and March 31, 1980, 33 had sufficient information for sufficient information to analyze the incidence of spinal cord injury (paraplegia or paresis), which indicated that spinal Cord injury was more likely to occur with long aortic cross-clamp times.

234 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, four classes of organizations can be identified along the continuum between classical private profit-making firms and strictly governmental agencies: private for profit, private non-profit, private...
Abstract: Four classes of organizations can be identified along the continuum between classical private profit-making firms and strictly governmental agencies: private for-profit, private non-profit, private...

195 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the hyperbolic tangent function is preferred because parameter estimates obtained with this function have narrower confidence intervals than those obtained through the application of the simple exponential function.
Abstract: Light-saturation curves for photosynthesis by reef-building corals have previously been simulated by three functions: the right rectangular hyperbola, a simple exponential function, and the hyperbolic tangent function. Studies of photosynthesis by other organisms have also frequently considered the application of a rectilinear function. This communication analyzes lightsaturation curves for photosynthesis by the Atlantic rose coral Manicina aerolata, the Atlantic staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis, and the Pacific staghorn coral A. formosa. It also analyzes light-saturation curves for calcification by A. cervicornis and A. formosa. This communication demonstrates that the two most accurate functions (as measured by coefficients of determination) are the simple exponential function and the hyperbolic tangent function. The hyperbolic tangent function is preferred because parameter estimates obtained with this function have narrower confidence intervals than those obtained through the application of the simple exponential function. The hyperbolic tangent function can also be used successfully to simulate light-saturation curves for light-enhanced calcification.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the hypothesis that the components of a fear appeal which persuade us to protect ourselves are the same components that persuades us to act to protect others, and the results confirmed this hypothesis for two components examined: noxiousness of the threatened danger and efficacy of coping response.
Abstract: An experiment tested the proposition that the components of a fear appeal which persuade us to protect ourselves are the Same components that persuade us to protect others. The results confirmed this hypothesis for the two components examined: noxiousness of the threatened danger and efficacy of coping response. Films showing noxious scenes of industrial whaling and films showing a pro-environmental action organization successfully saving whales from whalers strengthened intentions to help this endangered animal species. Taken together, available data indicate that fear appeals can persuade us to protect ourselves, other people, and even infrahuman animals. The social psychological paradigm used to investigate attitude change was merged with a paradigm employed to examine prosocial behavior. As predicted, an empathy-arousing appeal facilitated attitude change. Three implications for promoting ecological actions were discussed. First, empathy-arousing appeals can be applied to mass media campaigns. Second, the concept of response-efficacy in persuasive appeals can be extended from direct, individual action to activity requiring the mediation of social organizations. Finally, pro-environmental campaigns can be effective when the potential beneficiaries are not the ones shown, but who symbolize the many others in the same plight.

163 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

149 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preponderance of evidence suggests that neurons respond electrophysio-logically to ACh and ACh antagonists in a manner consistent with the existence of AChRs, and at least some of these A ChRs are nicotinic in nature.

140 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Björk-Shiley valve is durable and effective, but, as with other devices, is associated with problems of thromboembolism and thrombosis.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper traces the development of the life cycle costing technique in the United States and classifies documented LCC literature by both model type and application, and indicates that LCC has developed more as a result of specific applications rather than hypothetical models.
Abstract: This paper traces the development of the life cycle costing (LCC) technique in the United States and classifies documented LCC literature by both model type and application. LCC was originally developed as a formal analysis tool by the US Department of Defense. It has now been successfully applied in the industrial and consumer segments. The scope and practice of LCC has been changing over the past few years. Literature in the field supports the idea that the LCC concept has evolved over the years to include facets of system effectiveness in addition to costs. It is also evident that LCC has developed more as a result of specific applications rather than hypothetical models. General system characteristics which contribute to the success of the LCC technique are also identified.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that prescription of amitriptyline for treatment of adolescent depression may be no more efficacious than the use of placebo.
Abstract: To determine the effects of antidepressant medication on adolescent depression, we compared the efficacy of amitriptyline (200 mg daily) with placebo in a double-blind experimental design. Diagnosis of adolescent depression (n = 20) was achieved using the psychiatric interview, psychiatric rating scales, and psychometric instruments. No significant differences were reported between the amitriptyline and placebo groups on the Psychiatric Rating Scale or the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. There were differences between groups at week 6 on the Depression Adjective Check List. Within group significance occurred from onset of treatment to conclusion on all instruments. The results suggest that prescription of amitriptyline for treatment of adolescent depression may be no more efficacious than the use of placebo.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the salivary lactoperoxidase system seems to play an important role by producing highly reactive antibacterial products (including OSCN-) which can regulate bacterial metabolism in the human mouth.
Abstract: Resting human whole saliva inhibited acid production by glucose-stimulated, homologous plaque. The degree of inhibition of plaque acid production correlated positively with the concentration of hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) ions in saliva. Supplementation of saliva with an appropriate combination of thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of OSCN- ions and in more effective inhibition of plaque acid production. In most cases, the inhibition was complete when the supplements were added directly to saliva-plaque mixtures. Acid production resumed when the inhibitory effect of OSCN- was reversed by addition of thiols. Among the oral defense factors, the salivary lactoperoxidase system seems to play an important role by producing highly reactive antibacterial products (including OSCN-) which can regulate bacterial metabolism in the human mouth. The concentration of OSCN- in normal human whole saliva seems to be just below the threshold level required for plaque inhibition. Therefore, enhancement of this system in vivo may be effective in the regulation of plaque acid production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a reaction between YCl3 and excess sodium cyclopentadienide in THF solution followed by crystallization from this solvent affords (η5-C5H5)3 Y · OC4H8 in 68% yield.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A total of 32 holes at 5 sites near 1°N, 86°W on Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 70 (November-December 1979) provide unique data on the origin of the hydrothermal mounds on the south flank of the Galapagos spreading center as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A total of 32 holes at 5 sites near 1°N, 86°W drilled on Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 70 (November–December 1979) provide unique data on the origin of the hydrothermal mounds on the south flank of the Galapagos spreading center. Hydrothermal sediments, primarily Mn-oxide and nontronite, are restricted to the immediate vicinity of the mounds (⩽100 m) and are probably formed by the interaction of upward-percolating hydrothermal solutions with sea water and pelagic sediments above locally permeable zones of ocean crust. Mounds as much as 25 m in height form in less than a few × 10 5 yrs, and geothermal and geochemical gradients indicate that they are actively forming today. The lack of alteration of upper basement rocks directly below the mounds and throughout the Galapagos region indicates that the source of the hydrothermal solutions is deeper in the crust.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The SCATHA observations of the equatorially trapped plasmas are presented in this paper in order to emphasize the importance of making measurements at the Equator, and the UCSD plasma detector and the GSFC electric field experiment are described, as are pertinent characteristics of the magnetometer and mass spectrometers.
Abstract: The SCATHA observations of the equatorially trapped plasmas are presented in order to emphasize the importance of making measurements at the equator. The UCSD plasma detector and the GSFC electric field experiment are described, as are the pertinent characteristics of the magnetometer and mass spectrometers. The electron distribution reveals a width of 20 deg to 60 deg, narrowing with increasing energy. The 20- to 100-eV ion fluxes typically exhibit temperatures in the 20to 50-eV range and densities of 1-10 per cu cm. The electron population typically ranges from 50 to 500 eV, with temperatures of 100-200 eV and densities also in the 1-10 per cu cm range. Field-aligned populations of lower energy are occasionally found in both ions and electrons at the same location.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The J = 1→2, 2→3, and 3→4 rotational transitions of the molecular ion HOC^+ have been measured in the laboratory at frequencies from 178 to 358 GHz and should permit astronomers to confirm the recent possible sighting of the J 1→0 transition of HOC+ in Sgr B2 at 89.5 GHz.
Abstract: The strong electric dipole-allowed transitions of the molecular ion CO(+) in the region 235-470 GHz have been measured in the laboratory. The laboratory spectra at 235 GHz appear to confirm the claim by Erickson et al. (1981) to have observed CO(+) in OMC-1.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structures of bis(cyclopentadienyl)tin and the new compound bis(pentamethylcyclopentadiyl)lead (2) show that both compounds are monomeric in the solid state and the C5H5 and Me5C5 rings in compounds (1) and (2, respectively, respectively) are bonded in the pentahapto-manner as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The X-ray crystal structures of bis(cyclopentadienyl)tin (1) and the new compound bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)lead (2) show that (i) both compounds are monomeric in the solid state and (ii) the C5H5 and Me5C5 rings in compounds (1) and (2), respectively, are bonded in the pentahapto-manner.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Female broiler breeders that received the higher levels of feed exhibited lower egg production, lower fertility, and hatchability, heavier body and egg weights, and poorer shell quality.


Journal ArticleDOI
15 May 1981-Cancer
TL;DR: The study emphasizes the need for intensive chemotherapy and adequate radiation therapy to improve survival of patients with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung and indicates the role of each modality in the management of these patients.
Abstract: A prospective randomized study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of concomitant or delayed multiagent chemotherapy combined with irradiation to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes and to the brain in a group of 70 patients with histologically proven small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung. Complete and partial response in both groups was comparable, and the overall survival was comparable. However, relapse-free survival was significantly higher in patients receiving concomitant chemotherapy and irradiation in comparison with the radiotherapy alone group. Disease-free survival was higher in the concomitant chemotherapy-radiotherapy patients, although survival was not significantly modified, probably because of suboptimal chemotherapy. The initial intrathoracic failure rate was 40.7% inthe concomitant chemotherapy-irradiation group, compared with 53.8% in the radiotherapy-alone patients. None of the patients receiving delayed chemotherapy following the radiotherapy recurrence showed significant tumor response to the drugs. The incidence of distant metastasis was slightly lower in the chemotherapy groups. Brain metastases were noted in 7% of the patients in both groups. Increased intrathoracic recurrences were noted in patients with lower doses of irradiation. Nine of 13 patients treated with inadequate portals developed intrathoracic recurrences in comparison to 13 of 40 treated with adequate irradiation fields. The study emphasizes the need for intensive chemotherapy and adequate radiation therapy to improve survival of patients with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung. Additional trials are necessary to assess the role of each modality in the management of these patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation of thermal plasma behavior in the vicinity of the plasmasphere during periods of quieting magnetic activity was conducted by combining thermal ion observations made with the plasma composition experiment on ISEE 1 with plasma density profiles obtained from plasma frequency measurements.
Abstract: An investigation of thermal plasma behavior in the vicinity of the plasmasphere during periods of quieting magnetic activity was conducted by combining thermal ion observations made with the plasma composition experiment on ISEE 1 with plasma density profiles obtained from plasma frequency measurements made with the same satellite's plasma wave experiment. During periods in which the magnetic activity quiets, the two regions characterized by H(+):He(+):O(+) (isotropic) and H(+):O(+):He(+) (field-aligned) ion species distributions (in order of dominance) are separated by a new region in which low-energy H(+) and He(+) are found flowing along the magnetic field lines. At other times, following quieting magnetic activity, distributions having peak fluxes at 90 deg pitch angle are observed in this region.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an electrostatic barrier around the environmental measurements experiment (EME) package on ATS 6 is shown to be the natural result of dielectrics around the spacecraft which are more negatively charged than the mainframe of the spacecraft.
Abstract: Differential charging effects observed in the electron data of the University of California, San Diego, auroral particles experiment on Applied Technology Satellite 6 are described and analyzed. An electrostatic barrier around the environmental measurements experiment (EME) package on ATS 6 is shown to be the natural result of dielectrics around the spacecraft which are more negatively charged than the mainframe of the spacecraft. In particular, the large dish antenna on ATS 6 causes the formation of a barrier which traps particles emitted from the EME package surface and returns them to the spacecraft. The insulating surface of the rotating University of Minnesota detector on the otherwise conducting EME package is shown to be the source of accelerated fluxes of electrons during charging events.

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Mar 1981-Science
TL;DR: The M RNA segment, which codes for the virion glycoproteins, may be a major determinant of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes.
Abstract: In an examination of the molecular basis of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes., La Crosse (LAC), snowshoe hare (SSH), and LAC-SSH reassortant viruses were compared in their ability to be transmitted to laboratory mice by the natural mosquito vector of LAC virus, Aedes triseriatus. Both LAC virus and the reassortment viruses containing the middle-sized (M) segment from the LAC parent were efficiently transmitted. In contrast, SSH virus and reassortment viruses containing the M RNA from the SSH parent were inefficiently transmitted. Thus, the M RNA segment, which codes for the virion glycoproteins, may be a major determinant of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The tripartite ribonucleic acid (RNA) genomes of 23 alternate isolates of La Crosse virus have been analyzed by the procedure of oligonucleotide fingerprinting and the viruses have been categorized in terms of the degree of their RNA sequence relatedness.
Abstract: The tripartite ribonucleic acid (RNA) genomes of 23 alternate isolates of La Crosse virus have been analyzed by the procedure of oligonucleotide fingerprinting. By comparison with the fingerprints of the three viral RNA species (large, medium and small) of prototype La Crosse virus, the viruses have been categorized in terms of the degree of their RNA sequence relatedness. The A type La Crosse viruses, which have been recovered from Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana and Ohio, have viral RNA sequences that are closely related to those of prototype La Crosse virus. The B type La Crosse viruses, which have been recovered from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Illinois, have RNA sequences which, although related, are easily distinguished from those of type A viruses. A La Crosse virus isolate obtained from Rochester, Minnesota, appears to be an intertypic type A/B recombinant, it has a small size RNA segment like those of the B type La Crosse virus isolates, but medium- and large-sized RNA species like those of the A type La Crosse virus isolates. The C type La Crosse viruses have viral RNA sequences that neither closely resemble the A or B type La Crosse viruses. They have been recovered from eastern Ohio, New York State, Texas, Georgia and North Carolina.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Because of the consistent results despite variable pin angles, this technique is recommended for use in dogs with atlantoaxial instability requiring surgical stabilization.
Abstract: Atlantoaxial stability was evaluated in 12 surgically stabilized dogs and 6 control dogs after odontoidectomy and dorsal atlantoaxial ligament separation The atlantoaxial instabilities were stabilized with transarticular pins from a ventral approach Cancellous bone grafts harvested from the proximal humerus were used to promote joint fusion Good joint stability, alignment, and early fusion were documented clinically, radiographically, and histopathologically in stabilized dogs Because of our consistent results despite variable pin angles, we recommend this technique for use in dogs with atlantoaxial instability requiring surgical stabilization


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gross motor development is delayed in achondroplastic children as compared to children of approriate age and there is no difference in language development.
Abstract: Data on psychomotor de development are compiled on 197 achondroplastic children. The data are plotted in a manner similar to that used in the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Gross motor development is delayed in achondroplastic children as compared to children of approriate age. There is no difference in language development.