Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of fear appeals on persuasion were investigated in a factorial experiment that was designed to test a combined model of protection motivation theory and self-efficacy theory.
1,780 citations
TL;DR: A group of medical students who were taught SAD PERSONS demonstrated a significantly greater ability to accurately evaluate and make recommendations for disposition of a low-risk and a high-risk patient, as judged by three experienced psychiatrists.
270 citations
TL;DR: Enzyme activity was correlated with the soil fungal population but not with numbers of actinomycetes or bacteria, and a specialized mycoflora was associated with chitin decomposition.
Abstract: Chitinase activity was determined by incubating a mixture of toluene-treated soil with 1% (w/w) colloidal chitin suspension for 18 h at 37°C and then, after dilution, assaying the amount of N-acetyl-glucosamine released. Maximal chitinase activity was observed at 45°C and optimal pH for enzymatic reaction was 5.0–5.5. Soil chitinase activity decreased with increasing soil depth and was significantly affected by crop cover and fertilization regime. Chitin added to soil stimulated chitinase activity. Enzyme activity was correlated with the soil fungal population but not with numbers of actinomycetes or bacteria. A specialized mycoflora was associated with chitin decomposition.
181 citations
TL;DR: By 3H-thymidine autoradiography, the order of production of cells of each class is defined and the orders of the ‘birthdates’ to the known axonal pathways are related to the rules of chiasmatic crossing observed for each ganglion cell class.
Abstract: The ganglion cells of the cat retina form classes distinguishable in terms of perikaryal size, dendritic morphology and functional properties. Further, the axons differ in their diameters, patterns of chiasmatic crossing and in their central connections. Here we define, by 3H-thymidine autoradiography, the order of production of cells of each class and relate the order of the 'birthdates' to the known axonal pathways. The ganglion cell classes are produced in broad waves, which overlap as cells are produced first for central then for peripheral retina. Medium-sized cells are produced before the largest cells, and small ganglion cells are produced throughout the period of cell generation. This sequence of cell production relates to the orderly arrangement of axons in the optic tract, and can also be related to the rules of chiasmatic crossing observed for each ganglion cell class.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of basic phenomena and physical processes involved in the expansion of a plasma into a vacuum, or a more tenuous plasma, is presented, in particular the fact that upon the expansion, ions are accelerated and reach energies well above their thermal energy.
Abstract: In this review attention is called to basic phenomena and physical processes involved in the expansion of a plasma into a vacuum, or the expansion of a plasma into a more tenuous plasma, in particular the fact that upon the expansion, ions are accelerated and reach energies well above their thermal energy. Also, in the process of the expansion a rarefaction wave propagates into the ambient plasma, an ion front moves into the expansion volume, and discontinuities in plasma parameters occur. The physical processes which cause the above phenomena are discussed, and their possible application is suggested for the case of the distribution of ions and electrons (hence plasma potential and electric fields) in the wake region behind artificial and natural obstacles moving supersonically in a rarefied space plasma. To illustrate this, some in situ results are reexamined. Directions for future work in this area via the utilization of the Space Shuttle and laboratory work are also mentioned.
175 citations
TL;DR: This article made a comparative examination of three alternative hypotheses (buffer, coping, no interaction) predicting job outcomes by job stress and social support, finding little evidence of role ambiguity for role ambiguity.
Abstract: A comparative examination was made of three alternative hypotheses (buffer, coping, no interaction) predicting job outcomes by job stress and social support. For role ambiguity, little evidence of ...
165 citations
TL;DR: Because CRF does not alter the distribution, elimination, or clearance of unbound midazolam, changes in the pharmacodynamic profile of midazolate in CRF patients, if they exist, are more likely due to inherent alterations in drug sensitivity than to pharmacokinetic changes.
Abstract: Fifteen patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were given midazolam 02 mg/kg iv over 15 s All but one lost consciousness in a time ranging from 22-100 s (mean +/- SD was 55 +/- 26 s) after drug administration Patients regained consciousness from 6-105 min (mean 53 +/- 32) after drug administration The calculated mean plasma level of midazolam at arousal was 81 +/- 47 ng/ml Pharmacokinetics parameters were determined from midazolam plasma levels measured in 16 consecutive venous blood samples The pharmacokinetic parameters in CRF patients were compared with those of healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, and body size with the CRF patients Protein binding was determined by equilibrium dialysis CRF patients had a significantly higher (P less than 0005) plasma-free drug fraction (65% +/- 07) compared with the control patients (39% +/- 01) Total (bound plus unbound) kinetics differed in the two groups: volume of distribution 38 +/- 3 1/kg in CRF patients versus 22 +/- 2 1/kg in controls (P less than 0001), and clearance 114 +/- 16 ml X min-1 X kg-1 in CRF patients versus 67 +/- 09 ml X min-1 X kg-1 in controls (P less than 002) When kinetic parameters were corrected for protein binding, CRF patients unbound volume of distribution (635 +/- 68 1/kg) and free drug clearance (189 +/- 29 ml X min-1 X kg-1) were not different from the control group's volume of distribution (556 +/- 57 1/kg) and free drug clearance (176 +/- 24 ml X min-1 X kg-1)(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a search for fast spikes in 2830 hard X-ray solar flares as observed with the hard Xray burst spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) are presented.
Abstract: The results of a search for fast spikes in 2830 hard X-ray solar flares as observed with the hard X-ray burst spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) are presented. Hundreds of fast spikes with durations of less than 1 sec have been detected at time resolutions of 128 msec and 10 msec. Fast spikes have been detected with rise and decay times as short as 20 msec and with widths as short as 45 msec. They are the fastest hard X-ray variations yet seen from the sun. The observations of such fast variations place new constraints on the physical nature of the source, and these observations and constraints are discussed in terms of nonthermal and thermal models of flares.
144 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that a body weight loss of approximately 27 to 31% produced optimum postmolt performance.
134 citations
TL;DR: The attitudes of 644 employers toward stuttering were studied through the use of a questionnaire which required the respondents to indicate their strenght of agreement to seven attitudinal statements concerning stuttering as mentioned in this paper.
130 citations
TL;DR: The data show that SNP infusion during thoracic aortic cross-clamping improves systemic and regional circulation above the occlusion but decreases MAPb and therefore blood flow below the Occlusion, which suggests that blood flow through organs and tissues below theOcclusion is pressure dependent.
TL;DR: Analyses of the 5' ends of snowshoe hare bunyavirus plus sense S RNA species (including mRNA) recovered from infected cells have revealed two types of termini that probably represent replicative plus sense RNA species and mRNA species that have host cell derived primer sequences.
Abstract: Analyses of the 5' ends of snowshoe hare bunyavirus plus sense S RNA species (including mRNA) recovered from infected cells have revealed two types of termini. These include ends that are essentially exact copies of the 3' end of the viral S RNA and others that are similar, but additionally have 13-14 nucleotide extensions that are heterogeneous in sequence. The former probably represent replicative plus sense RNA species, the latter mRNA species that have host cell derived primer sequences.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of different types of channel leadership behavior on channel members' perceptions of intrachannel conflict in a franchise distribution channel and found that factor analysis and ca...
Abstract: This study examines the impact of different types of channel leadership behavior on channel members' perceptions of intrachannel conflict in a franchise distribution channel. Factor analysis and ca...
TL;DR: In this paper, a scale-dependent macro-dispersivity coefficient for unidirectional flow in a stratified aquifer is defined and theoretical expressions are obtained for the macrodispersivities, its various components, and its small time and large time limits.
Abstract: Many hydrologists have observed that dispersion coefficients, when measured in the field, turn out to be scale-dependent. That is, the greater the travel distance in a tracer test used to measure dispersivity, the larger the dispersivity value that is calculated. Recently, Guven et al.(1983) presented a study which contains a basis for understanding the phenomenon of scale-dependent dispersion within a deterministic framework. The results of that study are used as a basis for defining a scale-dependent macro- dispersion coefficient for unidirectional flow in a stratified aquifer. Theoretical expressions are then obtained for the macrodispersivity, its various components, and its small time and large time limits. Using the data of Pickens and Grisak (1981a, b), numerical values are calculated for the macrodispersivity, and estimates are made of the travel distance required in order to reach Fickian conditions. Asymptotic large time macrodispersivity values of 49.5 m to 990 m and travel distances of 5.4 km to 109 km result for the particular aquifer studied. Based on these results it appears that Fickian conditions will seldom apply in practice to porous media flow. This study and previous studies show that the primary physical mechanism that causes spreading of a solute near the source is different advection rates at different elevations in the aquifer. Present results and comparisons with field data indicate that this phenomenon is not represented well by a scale- dependent dispersion coefficient. In modeling dispersion phenomena, it appears that more emphasis should be placed on field study and the accurate determination of hydraulic conductivity variations and other nonhomogeneities, and less on incorporating somewhat arbitrary dispersion coefficients into complex mathematical models.
TL;DR: Between 1967 and July 1982, 1103 operations were performed for the tetralogy of Fallot of all types with 116 hospital deaths with 116 (10.5%) hospital deaths occurred in the 836 patients undergoing repair.
Abstract: Between 1967 and July 1982, 1103 operations were performed for the tetralogy of Fallot of all types with 116 (10.5%) hospital deaths. Eighty-eight hospital deaths (10.5%) occurred in the 836 patients undergoing repair. The incremental risk factors for hospital death after repair include pulmonary arterial problems (p = 0.0002), major associated cardiac anomalies (p less than 0.0001), small size (young age) (p less than 0.0001), and more than one previous operation (p = 0.0004). Absent pulmonary valve is a risk factor (p = 0.04). In patients with pulmonary stenosis, the hospital mortality has decreased with time (p = 0.08), but the incremental risk of a high hematocrit (p = 0.0003) and of transannular patching (p = 0.05) has persisted. In the current era, the risk of repair in patients with pulmonary stenosis is estimated to be 1.6% (70% confidence limits [CL] 0.7% to 3.5%) at age 5 years, and at age 12 months to be 4.1% (CL 2.7% to 6.3%) without a transannular patch and 7.7% (CL a5.3% to 11%) with one. When pulmonary atresia is present, the probability of hospital death after repair when a valved extracardiac conduit is used is estimated to be lowest (5%; CL 2% to 8%) between 5 1/2 and 16 years of age. No deaths occurred among 53 patients with pulmonary stenosis receiving a primary palliative Blalock-Taussig or Gore-Tex shunt, and six deaths (12%) occurred in 51 patients with pulmonary atresia. Serious interim complications (sudden death, brain abscess) after these shunts occurred in two (1.9%; CL 0.6% to 4.5%) of the patients operated on. No iatrogenic pulmonary arterial problems have been recognized. Protocols based on these results are presented. Many of these selective recommendations may become unnecessary if the damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass are overcome by future research.
TL;DR: The transmembrane channel was found to be a head-to-head dimer with the structure of a left-handed, single-stranded β-helix with an argument that helically equivalent and equally proximal carbonyls would exhibit essentially equivalent ion-induced chemical shifts.
Abstract: Thallium ion-induced carbonyl carbon chemical shifts were compared for all of the L-residue-peptide carbonyl carbons of the gramicidin A transmembrane channel. Molecular structures were deduced by using the argument that helically equivalent and equally proximal carbonyls would exhibit essentially equivalent ion-induced chemical shifts. The transmembrane channel was found to be a head-to-head dimer with the structure of a left-handed, single-stranded β-helix.
TL;DR: On demontre des theoremes d'existence pour les solutions 2π-periodiques de l'equation x″+f(x)x'+g(t,x)=e(t), avec f continue, g Caratheodory and e Lebesgue integrable sous certaines hypotheses as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: On demontre des theoremes d'existence pour les solutions 2π-periodiques de l'equation x″+f(x)x'+g(t,x)=e(t), avec f continue, g Caratheodory et e Lebesgue integrable sous certaines hypotheses
TL;DR: In this paper, the No. 2 diesel fuel was tested with a John Deere 6-cylinder, 404 cubic in. displacement, direct-injection, turbocharged engine for a total of 600 running hours.
Abstract: Engine performance and crankcase lubricant viscosity were followed with 1∶2 and 1∶1 fuel mixtures of degummed soybean oil in No. 2 diesel fuel in tests with a John Deere 6-cylinder, 404 cubic in. displacement, direct-injection, turbocharged engine for a total of 600 running hours. A crankcase oil contamination problem resulting in an unacceptable thickening and a potential for gelling did exist with a 50/50 blend or a greater concentration of soybean oil, but it did not occur with the 1∶2 blend. The data accumulated during the initial 600 hr running time indicates that a fuel blend of one-third degummed soybean oil and two-thirds No. 2 diesel (1∶2 blend) may be a suitable fuel for agricultural equipment during periods of diesel fuel shortages or allocations. Additional data are being accumulated and will be analyzed in the future.
TL;DR: Although these results are preliminary, it appears that this implantable drug infusion pump system is technically feasible, safe, and capable of inducing a remission in most patients with colorectal metastases.
Abstract: A new concept in continuous regional chemotherapy for metastatic liver disease was introduced with the availability of a totally implantable drug infusion pump. This device is powered by charged freon, has a chamber capacity of 50 ml, and a fixed rate of 3 ml/day. The pump is silent, small (10 by 3 cm), and lightweight (180 g). It is refilled and automatically recharged by a simple percutaneous injection through the skin every 2 weeks. The pump is connected to a Silastic catheter placed in the gastroduodenal artery up to the lumen of the hepatic artery. We have implanted the Infusaid drug infusion pump in 50 consecutive patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma of the liver. The median follow-up has been more than 6 months. Patients returned to the clinic every 2 weeks to receive floxuridine chemotherapy at 0.3 mg/kg per day, alternating with injections of saline solution. There were no technical problems with the pump or the hepatic artery catheter with a cumulative experience of over 6,750 days. An objective remission was induced in 83 percent of evaluable patients as evidenced by a decrease in their carcinoembryonic antigen levels by a mean value of 80 percent (range 35 to 97 percent). These remissions were confirmed by liver sonogram which showed either stable or decreased tumor volume. Tumor progression later developed in the livers of only two patients who had good response, whereas seven patients have had relapse, so far in extrahepatic sites (lung, pelvis, or bone). Four patients have died at 4, 5, 10, and 11 months postoperatively. The toxicity to floxuridine chemotherapy has been relatively tolerable, but increased in frequency with prolonged drug administration. Transient jaundice from chemical hepatitis developed in one third of the patients. There has been little or no systemic toxicity (no vomiting, diarrhea, marrow suppression, etc.). Although these results are preliminary, it appears that this implantable drug infusion pump system is technically feasible, safe, and capable of inducing a remission in most patients with colorectal metastases. Furthermore, this approach using continuous floxuridine regional chemotherapy is associated with an acceptable level of drug toxicity in most patients.
TL;DR: The knowledge of and attitudes toward stuttering of 152 Alabama vocational rehabilitation counselors were studied using the Alabama Rehabilitation Counselors' Attitudes Toward Stuttering (ARCATS) Inventory as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors interpreted angular bends (promontories and embayments) in rifted and passive continental margins as precursors of curves (recesses and salients) in orogenic belts.
Abstract: Angular bends (promontories and embayments) in rifted and passive continental margins are interpreted to be the precursors of curves (recesses and salients, respectively) in orogenic belts. Convergence at an irregularly shaped continental margin results in along-strike diachroneity of closing (and thus of orogeny) and in a variable trajectory of stress into continental crust. Both timing and sense of movement of intracratonic structures apparently have complex relationships to the progress of convergence at irregular continental margins.
TL;DR: Channel catfish demonstrated high susceptibility to E. ictaluri as 100% of those fish injected with 1.5 × 103 cells died within 10 days, while Tilapia demonstrated slight susceptibility to the pathogen while golden shiner, bighead carp and largemouth bass were not susceptible.
Abstract: . Five species of fingerling fish, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, tilapia, Sarotherodon aureus, golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides and bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis, were tested to determine their susceptibility to the bacterium, Edwardsiella ictaluri, at 26°C, Channel catfish demonstrated high susceptibility to E. ictaluri as 100% of those fish injected with 1.5 × 103 cells died within 10 days. Tilapia demonstrated slight susceptibility to the pathogen while golden shiner, bighead carp and largemouth bass were not susceptible. E. ictaluri was isolated from a higher percentage of peritoneal cavities, livers and kidneys of channel catfish than of other species. Sequential growth of E. ictaluri in the liver of channel catfish is described.
TL;DR: The results reveal that fear appeals are successful in strengthening students' intentions to refrain from drinking and implications are discussed for implementing these principles and for designing future investigations of alcohol abuse prevention programs.
Abstract: Despite the importance of alcohol abuse prevention programs, the effectiveness of many components of these programs has not been demonstrated empirically. An experiment tested the efficacy of three components of many prevention programs: fear appeals, one- versus two-sided message style, and the expertise of the source. The persuasive impact of this information was examined on 113 ninth-grade students' intentions to abstain from drinking alcohol while they are teenagers. The results reveal that fear appeals are successful in strengthening students' intentions to refrain from drinking. Implications are discussed for implementing these principles and for designing future investigations of alcohol abuse prevention programs.
TL;DR: These mouse monoclonal antibodies against group B streptococci that are directed against either complete or incomplete antigenic determinants, and include isotypes other than IgM, should be particularly useful for studying the mechanism of protection against experimental infection.
Abstract: Mouse hybridoma antibodies of several major classes against group B streptococcus type III have been produced. Mice were immunized with either whole heat-killed or acid-treated organisms to obtain antibodies against both the complete (sialated) or incomplete (nonsialated) forms of the type III polysaccharide. Resulting monoclonal antibodies showed exclusive specificity for either the complete or incomplete antigen. The ability of these antibodies to protect mice from a lethal challenge of live type III organisms was tested with a mucin model that permitted use of very small inocula given intraperitoneally with antibody and mucin. Antibodies specific for the nonsialated antigen were not protective, whether of IgM, IgG2a, or IgG3 isotypes. Antibodies specific for the complete antigen were, however, highly protective, including monoclonals of IgM, IgG2a, and IgA isotypes. These mouse monoclonal antibodies against group B streptococci that are directed against either complete or incomplete antigenic determinants, and include isotypes other than IgM, should be particularly useful for studying the mechanism of protection against experimental infection.
TL;DR: Dr Cassady gives a fresh and authoritative look at where the authors are in the field of medicine, with particular emphases on misleading results and reasonable applications.
TL;DR: A charge-density effect with the subfractions having similar high affinity for AT demonstrates that charge density represents a heparin functional domain that is independent of the AT-binding domain, and demonstrates the functional domain necessary for AT binding is not needed to produce HC II activity.
Abstract: To better understand how heparin structure affects its activity the relationships between the functional domains for inhibitor binding and charge density were investigated to determine how these domains affect heparin-mediated thrombin inhibition by two different heparin-dependent protease inhibitors, antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor II (HC II). A series of heparins, fractionated systematically by charge density, was further fractionated on antithrombin agarose to isolate more homogeneous subfractions that were either inactive or highly active with respect to thrombin inhibition by AT. With AT, the activities of the AT-active subfractions increased sharply with heparin charge density, while those with little or no affinity for AT were virtually inactive. In contrast, with HC II inhibitor, the activities of the heparins depended only upon their charge densities and were independent of AT affinity. At any given charge density, the heparin before fractionation by AT affinity and the fractions that were highly active and inactive with AT were all equally active with HC II. The two inhibitors also differed in their reactivity with heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. A charge-density effect with the subfractions having similar high affinity for AT demonstrates that charge density represents a heparin functional domain that is independent of the AT-binding domain. The behavior of the AT-inactive heparins, being fully active with HC II, demonstrates the functional domain necessary for AT binding is not needed to produce HC II activity.
TL;DR: Both urates protected human and bovine erythrocyte membranes from peroxidation by t-butylhydroperoxide and support the proposal that urates are important antioxidants and free radical scavengers.
TL;DR: The existence of a threshold energy dependence for the charging of geostationary spacecraft in eclipse was shown in this article, where it was shown that plasma sheet fluxes must extend above 10 keV for these satellites to charge in eclipse.
Abstract: The existence of a threshold energy dependence is shown for the charging of geostationary spacecraft in eclipse. Applied Technology Satellite 6 and P78-2 (SCATHA) data show that plasma sheet fluxes must extend above 10 keV for these satellites to charge in eclipse. The existence of a threshold energy is significant because magnetospheric convection boundaries produce relatively sharp phase space boundaries, with electron fluxes falling rapidly above the energy associated with the local Alfven layer. The threshold effect is due to the shape of the normal secondary yield curve, in particular the high energy crossover, where the secondary yield drops below 1. A large portion of the ambient electron flux must exceed this energy for a negative current to exist.
TL;DR: In this paper, the complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 675; DOI:10.1002/anie.198306750
Abstract: The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983, 675. DOI:10.1002/anie.198306750
TL;DR: The results indicate that molecules composed of alpha 1(II) chains are heterogeneous with respect to levels of hydroxylysine-linked carbohydrate moieties and that the more highly glycosylated molecules require higher salt concentrations for precipitation from acidic solutions.