Showing papers by "University of Alabama published in 1992"
TL;DR: In this article, a multivariate extension of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is presented, and guidelines given for designing this easy-to-implement multivariate procedure.
Abstract: A multivariate extension of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is presented, and guidelines given for designing this easy-to-implement multivariate procedure. A comparison shows that the average run length (ARL) performance of this chart is similar to that of multivariate cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts in detecting a shift in the mean vector of a multivariate normal distribution. As with the Hotelling's χ2 and multivariate CUSUM charts, the ARL performance of the multivariate EWMA chart depends on the underlying mean vector and covariance matrix only through the value of the noncentrality parameter. Worst-case scenarios show that Hotelling's χ2 charts should always be used in conjunction with multivariate CUSUM and EWMA charts to avoid potential inertia problems. Examples are given to illustrate the use of the proposed procedure.
1,174 citations
TL;DR: This article examined whether positive and negative money-supply shocks have symmetric effects on output, and found that positive money supply shocks do not have an effect on output while negative ones do have an impact on output.
Abstract: This paper examines whether positive and negative money-supply shocks have symmetric effects on output. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that positive money-supply shocks do not have an effect on output, while negative money-supply shocks do have an effect on output. This finding is independent of whether or not expected money is assumed to affect output. The results reported in this paper imply that the Fed could increase the growth rate of real output by reducing the standard deviation of unexpected changes in the money supply.
583 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV infection have a multi-system disease with significant morbidity and mortality.
Abstract: Knowledge of the natural history of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn is essential in order to anticipate complications and assess the potential benefit from antiviral therapy. To define the disease course we reviewed data on 106 neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV infection diagnosed and managed by the investigators. Petechiae, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were each noted in 70% or more patients. Microcephaly was noted in 54 of 102 (53%) at birth. Elevated alanine aminotransferase, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia were seen in 83, 81 and 77%, respectively. Eighty-six percent had at least two of the manifestations highly suggestive of congenital infection. Platelet count fell to its nadir during the second week of life whereas elevated alanine aminotransferase and direct bilirubin persisted past the first month. In spite of the difficulty in assessing central nervous system function in the newborn, evidence of damage was present in the majority. Seventy-two had microcephaly, poor suck, lethargy/hypotonia or seizures. Abnormal computerized tomographic scan was present in 16 of 20 (80%) and decreased hearing in 20 of 39 (56%). Cerebrospinal fluid protein was greater than 120 mg/dl in 24 of 52 (46%) and this elevation was associated with neurologic abnormalities as well as hearing loss. The mean length of hospital stay was 13 and 22.4 days for term and preterm infants, relatively. Thirteen infants (12%) died during the first 6 weeks of life. Disseminated CMV infection with multiorgan involvement was evident in 7 of 9 at postmortem examination. We conclude that neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV infection have a multi-system disease with significant morbidity and mortality.
537 citations
TL;DR: The emergent wetland and littoral components of the land-water zone are functionally coupled by the amounts and types of dissolved organic matter that are released, processed, transported to, and then further processed within the recipient waters.
Abstract: The emergent wetland and littoral components of the land-water zone are functionally coupled by the amounts and types of dissolved organic matter that are released, processed, transported to, and then further processed within the recipient waters. Operational couplings and integrations in freshwater ecosystems occur along physical and metabolic gradients of a number of scales from micrometer to kilometer dimensions. The operation and turnover of the microbial communities, largely associated with surfaces, generate the metabolic foundations for material fluxes along larger-scale gradients.
455 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop new measures of influence strategies in marketing channels (i.e., the means by which a firm's personnel communicate with its partners to affect their behavior) in order to exami...
Abstract: The authors develop new measures of influence strategies in marketing channels (i.e., the means by which a firm's personnel communicate with its partners to affect their behavior) in order to exami...
439 citations
TL;DR: Children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were intermediate to families of children with CD and clinic control children on all variables, but differed from control children only in having a higher rate of paternal substance abuse and paternal antisocial personality disorder.
Abstract: In a sample of 177 clinic-referred children aged 7-13, an association was found between a diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) and several aspects of family functioning: maternal parenting (supervision and persistence in discipline) and parental adjustment (paternal antisocial personality disorder and paternal substance abuse). Children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were intermediate to families of children with CD and clinic control children on all variables, but differed from control children only in having a higher rate of paternal substance abuse and paternal antisocial personality disorder (APD). When both parental APD and deviant maternal parenting were entered into 2 x 2 logit-model analyses predicting CD, only parental APD was significantly associated with CD, and no interactions between parental adjustment and maternal parenting were found. The importance of these findings for understanding the etiology of CD and for disentangling correlated risk factors in future studies is discussed.
383 citations
TL;DR: This work suggests that phosphatases are as important as kinases in regulatory processes, and that they constitute a diverse group of enzymes that utilize a variety of chemical means to accelerate phosphate ester hydrolysis.
333 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that phytoplankton use both phosphate and DOP, particularly at high substrate concentrations, and that bacterial utilization of P may be limited by the availability of organic C or other nutrients.
Abstract: Potential sources of dissolved P to phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were examined in a small meso-eutrophic lake. Kinetic analyses of whole lake water on three dates demonstrated that the maximal rate (V,,,,,) for phosphate uptake was highest (5.2 nM min- ‘) in spring. On all dates, size fractionation of plankton and kinetic analyses of uptake indicated that most (> 50%) uptake of phosphate was by phytoplankton at VmaX and by bacteria at ambient concentrations. Isotope dilution assays, with either unlabeled phosphate or various dissolved organic P (DOP) compounds, demonstrated that phosphate was the preferred substrate for uptake into both algae and bacteria. Phytoplankton had greater capacity for uptake of P from both phosphate and DOP than bacterioplankton. We concluded that phytoplankton use both phosphate and DOP, particularly at high substrate concentrations, and that bacterial utilization of P may be limited by the availability of organic C or other nutrients.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used unit root and cointegration tests to examine the relationships among the stock markets in Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States.
Abstract: This study uses unit root and cointegration tests to examine the relationships among the stock markets in Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States. All the stock prices are analyzed both individually and collectively to test for international market efficiency. Unit roots in stock prices are found. Pairwise and higher-order cointegration tests indicate that there is no evidence of cointegration among the stock prices. The findings suggest that the stock prices in major Asian markets and the United States are weak-form efficient individually and collectively in the long run. It also implies that international diversification among the markets is effective.
321 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dynamic mathematical model was developed to describe the interaction of an insoluble particle with an advancing solid-liquid interface and showed that this interaction is essentially non-steady state and that steady state eventually occurs only when solidification is conducted at sub-critical velocities.
Abstract: Most models that describe the interaction of an insoluble particle with an advancing solid-liquid interface are based on the assumption of steady state. However, as demonstrated by experimental work, the process does not reach steady state until the particle is pushed for a while by the interface. In this work, a dynamic mathematical model was developed. The dynamic model demonstrates that this interaction is essentially non-steady state and that steady state eventually occurs only when solidification is conducted at sub-critical velocities. The model was tested for three systems: aluminum-zirconia particles, succinonitrilepolystyrene particles, and biphenyl-glass particles. The calculated values for critical velocity of the pushing/engulfment transition were in same range with the experimental ones.
289 citations
TL;DR: The generation of infectious defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) entirely from cDNA clones is reported and was assayed by direct biochemical means.
TL;DR: The genetic algorithm technique is used to design a lateral autopilot and a windshear controller and shows that a variety of aerospace control system optimization problems can be addressed using genetic algorithms with no special problem-dependent modifications.
Abstract: The use of genetic algorithms as a technique for solving aerospace-related control system optimization problems is explored in this paper. Genetic algorithms are parameter search procedures based on the mechanics of natural genetics. They combine a Darwinian survival-of-the-fittest strategy with a random yet structured information exchange among a population of artificial chromosomes. The genetic algorithm technique is used to design a lateral autopilot and a windshear controller. The results show that a variety of aerospace control system optimization problems can be addressed using genetic algorithms with no special problem-dependent modifications. Suggestions for other uses related to aerospace control system optimization are presented.
TL;DR: It is argued that the synergistic results of integration can best be understood as a within-role increase of uncertainty reduction, and a between-role convergence of functional uncertainty reduction.
Abstract: Technological innovation within the firm can be modelled as a process of uncertainty reduction. The four major sources of uncertainty are user needs, technological environments, competitive environments, and organizational resources. Reducing these uncertainties is the responsibility of the marketing and R&D functions within the firm. Because these functions are reciprocally interdependent, their success in reducing uncertainty requires integration and collaboration between them. A contingency framework is developed which shows the effect and the determinants of interfunctional information transfer. It is argued that the synergistic results of integration can best be understood as a within-role increase of uncertainty reduction, and a between-role convergence of functional uncertainty reduction. The implications of the model are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the number of light neutrino species is found to be Nv=3.30% CL with the constraints of the standard electroweak model, which rules out the possibility of a fourth type of LN at 98% CL.
TL;DR: Five thermotolerant, alcohol-producing yeast cultures were isolated from samples obtained from India, two of which were identified as of Kluyveromyces marxianus, and all produced relatively high alcohol concentrations.
Abstract: Five thermotolerant, alcohol-producing yeast cultures were isolated from samples obtained from India. Two were identified as ofKluyveromyces marxianus. All five grew on plate-cultures up to 52°C, with maximum growth rates in liquid culture at 40°C. All produced relatively high alcohol concentrations: 5.7 to 7.0% (w/v) at 45°C and 5.0 to 5.5% (w/v) at 50°C when growing on 14.0% (w/v) glucose. All five isolates fermented diluted molasses containing 16.0% (w/v) total sugars, producing 5.6 to 6.0% (w/v) alcohol concentrations. Supplementing the molasses with P, K, Mg and Mn resulted in a 13 to 20% increase in alcohol production at 40°C. The maximum amounts of alcohol produced on supplemented molasses were 7.5 to 8.0 and 6.5 to 7.0% (w/v) at 37°C and 40°C, respectively.
TL;DR: Blastomycosis is a late and frequently fatal infectious complication in a few patients with AIDS, and it is associated with a high early mortality.
Abstract: ▪Objective:To describe the clinical, demographic, radiographic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of blastomycosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). ▪Design...
TL;DR: High glucose concentrations such as are reached in diabetes mellitus can stimulate the transcription of the genes for growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells, which could contribute to the toxicity of hyperglycemia and the vascular complications of diabetes.
Abstract: We have investigated the regulation of the expression of two growth factors found in vascular smooth muscle, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Cells cultured in medium containing 30 mM glucose exhibited a 2-fold increase in TGF alpha mRNA and a 3-fold increase in bFGF mRNA compared with cells grown in normal (5.5 mM) glucose. Glucosamine was more potent than glucose, leading to a 6-fold increase in TGF alpha mRNA. TGF alpha protein levels were also increased by glucosamine treatment, and the predominant species present was the membrane-bound precursor form of TGF alpha. To examine further the regulation of growth factors by sugars, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were transfected with a plasmid construct consisting of a 1.2-kilobase-pair fragment of the TGF alpha promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Increasing the concentration of glucose in the culture medium from 5.5 mM to 30 mM led to a rapid, 1.7-fold increase in the activity of the TGF alpha promoter. Glucosamine was much more potent than glucose in this stimulation, with 2 mM glucosamine causing a 12-fold increase in TGF alpha promoter activity. Insulin had no effect on luciferase activity in either the presence or the absence of added sugars. The glucose response element of the TGF alpha gene maps to a 130-base-pair segment that includes three potential binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. We conclude that high glucose concentrations such as are reached in diabetes mellitus can stimulate the transcription of the genes for growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. This signaling pathway apparently involves the metabolism of glucose to glucosamine. This effect could be representative of nutritional regulation of a family of genes and could contribute to the toxicity of hyperglycemia and the vascular complications of diabetes.
TL;DR: In this paper, three novel ferrocene-crown derivatives have been prepared along with their previously known amide precursors, including 1,1'-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-7-16-dimethyl)ferrocene (2), N,N'-bis(ferrocenylmethyl)diaza-18crown-6 (4), mp 114-116 o C, and bis[N,N]-bis(cyclop
Abstract: Three novel ferrocene-crown derivatives have been prepared along with their previously known amide precursors. The new compounds include 1,1'-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-7,16-dimethyl)ferrocene (2), N,N'-bis(ferrocenylmethyl)diaza-18-crown-6 (4), mp 114-116 o C, and bis[N,N'-bis(cyclopentadienidylmethyl)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6]diiron (6), mp 104-106 o C. Solid-state structures have been obtained for 2.H 2 O (mp 101-104 ) C) and for Na + ClO 4 - (mp 208-215 ) C dec and Ag + ClO 4 - (mp 209-210 ° C dec) complexes of 2
TL;DR: Patches of non‐sensory tissue often appear in what was thought to be a purely olfactory region, and could reflect exposure to environment agents or changes that occur during the normal aging process.
Abstract: Human olfactory epithelium is similar in organization and cell morphology to that of most vertebrate species. The epithelium has a pseudostratified columnar organization and consists of olfactory neurons, supporting and basal cells. Near the mucosal surface there are also microvillar cells. These cells have neuron-like features and may be chemoreceptors. Human olfactory epithelium is not a uniform sensory sheet. Patches of non-sensory tissue often appear in what was thought to be a purely olfactory region. The significance of these patches has not been determined, but they could reflect exposure to environment agents or changes that occur during the normal aging process.
In order to better understand the human olfactory system, further knowledge of the normal structure is necessary. This review addresses the morphology of the human olfactory epithelium and the remarkable plasticity of the vertebrate olfactory system. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that trained parents engaged in more prompting of their child to use the blower than untrained parents, and trained children engaged in a more blower usage than untraining children.
TL;DR: NEC patients had a significantly lower mean birthweight than those with other etiologies but did not differ in initial small bowel length, ICV retention rate, duration of PN treatment, incidence of successful PN weaning, or outcome.
TL;DR: The authors provide a synthesis, an integrative review, of the various taxonomic efforts while taking into account each of the streams of TT knowledge.
Abstract: Technology transfer (TT) literature has grown exponentially during the 25 years up to 1990. As in most emerging fields the literature is quite disjointed. It is especially so in TT because of the cross-disciplinary nature of the field. Although a number of taxonomies have been proposed most are by and for a specific discipline, e.g., economics or sociology. The authors provide a synthesis, an integrative review, of the various taxonomic efforts while taking into account each of the streams of TT knowledge. >
TL;DR: In this article, a series of simple physical scaling arguments are used to quantify the requirements for chemical disequilibrium and lay out the conditions for which the melt migration equations are valid.
TL;DR: The degree to which rank order information about weights can be used to identify a best alternative, or falling uniqueness prescribes an easily implemented rule for selecting a ‘best’ alternative is examined.
TL;DR: These studies provide the first evidence that editing occurs in a multicomponent complex, and the possible roles of complex I, complex II and RNA ligase in editing are discussed.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify multicomponent complexes involved in kinetoplastid mitochondrial mRNA editing. Mitochondrial extracts from Trypanosoma brucei were fractionated on 10-30% glycerol gradients and assayed for RNAs and activities potentially involved in editing, including pre-edited mRNA, guide RNA (gRNA), endonuclease, terminal uridylyltransferase (TUTase), RNA ligase and gRNA-mRNA chimera-forming activities. These experiments suggest that two distinct editing complexes exist. Complex I (19S) consists of gRNA, TUTase, RNA ligase and chimera-forming activity. Complex II (35-40S) is composed of gRNA, preedited mRNA, RNA ligase and chimera-forming activity. These studies provide the first evidence that editing occurs in a multicomponent complex. The possible roles of complex I, complex II and RNA ligase in editing are discussed.
TL;DR: This paper investigated race and gender, types of rules violations, type of punishments, referral rates, referral frequencies, and follow-up activities to determine differences in treatment by race, sex, and handicapping condition.
Abstract: There is scant research concerned about punishment of handicapped, minority students in public schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate race and gender, types of rules violations, types of punishments, referral rates, referral frequencies, and follow-up activities to determine differences in treatment by race, sex, and handicapping condition. The sample consisted of 4,391 discipline files representing records from 9 schools in a district (K-12). All data were analyzed using the Chi Square statistic. It was demonstrated that racial bias existed in the administration of punishment, and that Black, male handicapped students were punished more severely than others for commission of the same offenses.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of autocorrelation on the retrospective Shewhart chart for individuals, often referred to as the X-chart, with the control limits based on moving ranges is shown.
Abstract: Quality control chart interpretation is usually based on the assumption that successive observations are independent over time. In this article we show the effect of autocorrelation on the retrospective Shewhart chart for individuals, often referred to as the X-chart, with the control limits based on moving ranges. It is shown that the presence of positive first lag autocorrelation results in an increased number of false alarms from the control chart. Negative first lag autocorrelation can result in unnecessarily wide control limits such that significant shifts in the process mean may go undetected. We use first-order autoregressive and first-order moving average models in our simulation of small samples of autocorrelated data.
TL;DR: In this paper, carbon fiber surfaces were treated by cold plasmas of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, ammonia, and propylene, and the results showed that the results improved the compatibility and adhesion between the fiber and the polypropylene matrix.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present key definitions, assumptions, and research concerning ESL/EFL learning styles as related to culture and provide six new case-study examples of cross-cultural style conflicts in tertiary education settings.
TL;DR: In this article, the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for the design of composite laminates is presented, where the design variables are the lamina orientations and stacking sequence required for maximum laminate strength and/or stiffness with minimum weight.