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Institution

University of Alabama

EducationTuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
About: University of Alabama is a education organization based out in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 27323 authors who have published 48609 publications receiving 1565337 citations. The organization is also known as: Alabama & Bama.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
M. G. Aartsen1, Markus Ackermann, Jenni Adams2, Juanan Aguilar3  +355 moreInstitutions (48)
TL;DR: The design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and the methodology for drilling and deployment are described, including the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis.
Abstract: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino detector built into the ice at the South Pole. Construction of IceCube, the largest neutrino detector built to date, was completed in 2011 and enabled the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. We describe here the design, production, and calibration of the IceCube digital optical module (DOM), the cable systems, computing hardware, and our methodology for drilling and deployment. We also describe the online triggering and data filtering systems that select candidate neutrino and cosmic ray events for analysis. Due to a rigorous pre-deployment protocol, 98.4% of the DOMs in the deep ice are operating and collecting data. IceCube routinely achieves a detector uptime of 99% by emphasizing software stability and monitoring. Detector operations have been stable since construction was completed, and the detector is expected to operate at least until the end of the next decade.

457 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that sponges are a reservoir of exceptional microbial diversity and major contributors to the total microbial diversity of the world's oceans, and a model of independent assembly and evolution in symbiont communities across the entire host phylum is supported.
Abstract: Sponges (phylum Porifera) are early-diverging metazoa renowned for establishing complex microbial symbioses. Here we present a global Porifera microbiome survey, set out to establish the ecological and evolutionary drivers of these host-microbe interactions. We show that sponges are a reservoir of exceptional microbial diversity and major contributors to the total microbial diversity of the world's oceans. Little commonality in species composition or structure is evident across the phylum, although symbiont communities are characterized by specialists and generalists rather than opportunists. Core sponge microbiomes are stable and characterized by generalist symbionts exhibiting amensal and/or commensal interactions. Symbionts that are phylogenetically unique to sponges do not disproportionally contribute to the core microbiome, and host phylogeny impacts complexity rather than composition of the symbiont community. Our findings support a model of independent assembly and evolution in symbiont communities across the entire host phylum, with convergent forces resulting in analogous community organization and interactions.

456 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An open-label evaluation of intravenous acyclovir at dosages higher than the 30 mg/kg/d standard dosage approved by the US Food and Drug Administration indicated that the survival rate for patients treated with HD acy Clovir was statistically significantly higher than for patientstreated with SD acyClovir.
Abstract: Objective. The objective of this investigation was to establish the safety of high-dose (HD) acyclovir for the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. In addition, an estimate of therapeutic efficacy was sought, both with respect to mortality and to morbidity. Virologic efficacy of HD acyclovir was also assessed. Participants. Infants who were ≤28 days old and whose disease was considered to be caused by HSV were enrolled in this study. Patients with central nervous system (CNS; N = 28) or disseminated (N = 41) HSV infection were offered participation in the trial. A small number of patients with HSV disease limited to the skin, eyes, or mouth (SEM; N = 10) or whose disease was clinically consistent with HSV but who did not have virologic confirmation of infection (N = 9) also were enrolled on a compassionate basis. Only patients with virologically confirmed HSV disease were included in efficacy analyses. All enrolled patients were included in safety analyses. Methods. The study was an open-label evaluation of intravenous acyclovir at dosages higher than the 30 mg/kg/d standard dosage approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The first 16 patients enrolled received intermediate-dose (ID) acyclovir (45 mg/kg/d), and the next 72 patients received HD acyclovir (60 mg/kg/d). Acyclovir was administered in 3 divided daily doses for 21 days. Neonates were assessed prospectively throughout treatment and at scheduled follow-up visits for the first 4 years of life. Data were compared with those of a previous National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group trial in which patients received standard-dose (SD) acyclovir for 10 days and in which identical methods (with the exception of acyclovir dosage and duration of therapy) were used. Results. Six (21%) of 29 HD acyclovir recipients whose HSV disease remained localized to the SEM or CNS experienced neutropenia. One of the 6 had an absolute neutrophil count The survival rate for the patients with disseminated HSV disease treated with HD acyclovir was significantly higher than for those in the previous study treated with SD acyclovir, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–7.9). For patients with CNS disease, however, survival rates were similar for the HD and SD groups. To assess the effect of HD acyclovir on survival for the entire population with neonatal HSV disease, the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed with stratification for disease category (CNS versus disseminated). In performing this analysis, differences in mortality for each disease category were weighted to allow statistical comparison of the treatment dosage groups (HD, ID, and SD). This analysis indicated that the survival rate for patients treated with HD acyclovir was statistically significantly higher than for patients treated with SD acyclovir (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.5–7.3). Recipients of HD acyclovir had a borderline significant decrease in morbidity compared with SD recipients, after stratification for the extent of disease (SEM vs CNS vs disseminated) and controlling for the potential confounding factors of HSV type (HSV-1 vs. HSV-2), prematurity, and disease severity (seizures). Patients treated with HD acyclovir were 6.6 times (adjusted OR; 95% CI: 0.8–113.6) as likely to be developmentally normal at 12 months of age as patients treated with SD therapy. Conclusion. These data support the use of a 21-day course of HD (60 mg/kg/d) intravenous acyclovir to treat neonatal CNS and disseminated HSV disease. Throughout the course of HD acyclovir therapy, serial ANC determination should be made at least twice weekly. Decreasing the acyclovir dosage or administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor should be considered if the ANC remains below 500/mm3 for a prolonged period.

456 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: This paper found that the mean reversion phenomenon is a feature of the 1926-46 period, but not of the post-1946 period which instead exhibits persistence of returns Evidence for pre-1926 data is mixed and the statistical significance of test statistics is assessed by estimating their distribution using stratified randomization.
Abstract: Recent research based on variance ratios and multiperiod-return autocorrelations concludes that the stock market exhibits mean reversion in the sense that a return in excess of the average tends to be followed by partially offsetting returns in the opposite direction Dividing history into pre-1926, 1926-46, and post-1946 subperiods, we find that the mean-reversion phenomenon is a feature of the 1926-46 period, but not of the post-1946 period which instead exhibits persistence of returns Evidence for pre-1926 data is mixed The statistical significance of test statistics is assessed by estimating their distribution using stratified randomization Autocorrelations of multiperiod returns imply a forecast of future returns, which is presented for post-war three-year returns using 1926-46, full sample, and sequentially updated coefficient estimates The correlation between actual and forecasted returns is negative in each case We conclude that evidence of mean reversion in US stock returns is substantially weaker than reported in the recent literature If mean-reversion continues to be a feature of the stock market, then the experience of the past forty years has been an aberration

455 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The emergent wetland and littoral components of the land-water zone are functionally coupled by the amounts and types of dissolved organic matter that are released, processed, transported to, and then further processed within the recipient waters.
Abstract: The emergent wetland and littoral components of the land-water zone are functionally coupled by the amounts and types of dissolved organic matter that are released, processed, transported to, and then further processed within the recipient waters. Operational couplings and integrations in freshwater ecosystems occur along physical and metabolic gradients of a number of scales from micrometer to kilometer dimensions. The operation and turnover of the microbial communities, largely associated with surfaces, generate the metabolic foundations for material fluxes along larger-scale gradients.

455 citations


Authors

Showing all 27508 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Jasvinder A. Singh1762382223370
Hongfang Liu1662356156290
Ian J. Deary1661795114161
Yongsun Kim1562588145619
Dong-Chul Son138137098686
Simon C. Watkins13595068358
Kenichi Hatakeyama1341731102438
Conor Henderson133138788725
Peter R Hobson133159094257
Tulika Bose132128588895
Helen F Heath132118589466
James Rohlf131121589436
Panos A Razis130128790704
David B. Allison12983669697
Eduardo Marbán12957949586
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202372
2022357
20212,703
20202,759
20192,602
20182,411