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Showing papers by "University of Alcalá published in 1987"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study analyzed the location and number of the diaphysial nutrient foramina in six long bones of adult human skeletons of unknown age and sex from a statistical view point.
Abstract: The present study analyzed the location and number of the diaphysial nutrient foramina in six long bones of adult human skeletons of unknown age and sex from a statistical view point. The diaphysial nutrient foramina in the humerus, are located at between 50 and 65 % of the total length; in the radius and ulna, at between 25 and 50 %; in the femur, at between 25 and 58 %; in the tibia, at between 30 and 40 %; and in the fibula at between 35 and 67 %, i.e. the middle third of the bone. Also studied were the anatomical position and number of the diaphysial nutrient foramina in each bone.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enhanced surface density of GFAP immunoreactive material in the hippocampus and globus pallidus suggest a possible influence of estradiol on GFAP-immunoreactive glial processes.

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Homeostasis of the NK activity of pregnant woman may provide a biological model for clarifying the internal mechanisms regulating NK‐cell activation in vivo, and studies in vitro suggest that modulation of lymphokine production may play a role in the adaptive response of NK cells in pregnancy.
Abstract: We investigated the alterations of natural killer (NK) cells in pregnancy, which led to decreased killing from the first trimester to the puerperium. We show that this phenomenon cannot be ascribed to a defective number of NK cells since the amounts of HNK-1+, CD16+ (Leu 11), and CD11b+ (OKM1) cells were within normal ranges. Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) corrects the functional defect in a dose and time-dependent manner, without modification in the surface phenotype of the population. Analysis of the pattern of target cell susceptibility to lysis, together with the similar ability of recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) to correct the deficiency, and CD16+, CD3- phenotype of the precursor and effector lymphocytes, demonstrated that the induced cytotoxicity was mediated by NK cells. Inhibitors in pregnancy sera block IL-2 production by specific T cells, but we show that they do not influence either NK activity or its reconstitution by rIL-2. These findings place the deficiency at the level of NK cell maturation into cytotoxic effector lymphocytes. Thus, homeostasis of the NK activity of pregnant women may provide a biological model for clarifying the internal mechanisms regulating NK-cell activation in vivo. Present studies in vitro suggest that modulation of lymphokine production may play a role in the adaptive response of NK cells in pregnancy.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the cytoarchitectonic organization of GFAP immunoreactive elements and their relationship with neurons, blood vessels and pia is not completed until the first 8 weeks of postnatal life in the arcuate nucleus of the hamster.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Vanadium, nickel, iron, copper, and lead contents in several samples of petroleum and its by-products having an organic matrix with a different composition have been determined by atomic absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a flattened chair-chair conformation with the N-substituents in the equatorial position was observed in CDCl 3 solutions of 3.3-Alkyl-7-methyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the four components of each aldopentose were separated as O-trimethylsilyl ethers on several packed and capillary columns, and a mathematical approach was applied which tried to relate structural characteristics with retention indices on several stationary phases.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the imido compound Nb(η 5 -C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 ) 2 Cl(NPh) has been prepared and the chemical properties and structural features of the compounds are described.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The theoretical results suggest that the sulfhydryl addition should be preceded by a necessary anchoring of the phosphonate moiety on a positive group of the receptor.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the infrared and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of 3-aza-bicyclo[3.2] octane-8-β-ol have been examined in several media.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic hematological values in 59 animals of five species of insectivorous bats were estimated and electrophoretic separation of the hemoglobins of Plecotus austriacus, Myotis nattereri and MyOTis myotis showed two components, whereas in Miniopterus schreibersi and Pipistrelus pipistrellus appeared three and four components, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The content and composition of dietary fibre in Spanish sainfoin (Hedysarum coronarium), a leguminous plant containing appreciable amounts of condensed tannins and uronic acids, has been determined by different methods as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper applied Working's model of the Engel curve to food and staple food expenditures with two years' Spanish provincial data and found that Spain has experienced a substantial change in the pattern of food consumption during the 1970s.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ELISA was the most sensitive test, showing greater specificity and good predictive positive and negative values (98 % and 94 % respecitvely) and was the only positive test in 6 % of patients in whom brucellosis had been confirmed by culture.
Abstract: The performance of an ELISA for detection of total antibodies to Bruceila spp. was compared with that of the Rose Bengal, standard agglutination and Coombs test in the diagnosis of brucellosis. Sera tested were from 208 patients from whom Brucella melitensis had been isolated, 177 patients with significant results in at least two conventional tests, and 107 patients with fever from whom no Brucella spp. had been isolated and in whom all conventional tests were negative. ELISA was the most sensitive test (97 %), showing greater specificity (96 %) and good predictive positive and negative values (98 % and 94 % respecitvely). ELISA was the only positive test in 6 % of patients in whom brucellosis had been confirmed by culture.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show the significant production by the fetoplacental unit of lactate from transferred maternal substrates and the absence of gluconeogenesis in the rat fetus even after 48 h of maternal food deprivation.
Abstract: Fed and 48-h starved rats were infused on day 21.5 of gestation for 20 min through the left uterine artery with [U-14C-]-D-glucose, [U-14C]-glycerol, or [U-14Q -L-alanine. The mother and fetuses from both uterine horns were processed separately for radioactivity measurements in plasma and liver. Differences in radioactivity values between fetuses from the left and the right sides are used as indexes of placental transference of the infused tracers prior to their distribution and transformation in the maternal circulation. After infusion of [U-14C]-D-glucose, [U-14C] -glycerol, or [U-14C]-L-alanine, plasma radioactivity values and specific activities corresponding to the respective infused tracer appeared much higher in fetuses from the left than the right uterine side. Plasma 14C-lactate values also were higher in the left than the right fetuses indicating that fetoplacental structures produced lactate from those placentally transferred 14C-metabolites. No difference in plasma 14C-glucose between left and right uterine horn fetuses was observed after maternal infusion with either [U-14C]-glycerol or [U-14C]-L-alanine, either in fed or 48-h starved rats. In the mother both [U-14C]-glycerol and [U-14C]-L-alanine were efficiently converted to 14C-glucose, and this process was significantly enhanced with starvation. 14C-fatty acids present in fetal liver after maternal infusions with either [U-14C]-D-gIucose or [U-14C]-glycerol were decreased by starvation whereas no fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]-L-alanine was detected. Much less 14C-glyceride glycerol was found in fetal liver after maternal infusions of [U-14C]-D-glucose than [U-14C]-glycerol, and its incorporation was unaffected by maternal starvation. Results show the significant production by the fetoplacental unit of lactate from transferred maternal substrates and the absence of gluconeogenesis in the rat fetus even after 48 h of maternal food deprivation. Lack of gluconeogenesis occurred even above the triose phosphate step and despite the fact that glycerol phosphorylation is active in fetal liver, indicating that maternal glucose is the only source of this metabolite for the normal rat fetus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Measurements of free glucose, glycogen reserves and soluble protein in the treated larvae indicate that in vivo, mebendazole and thiabendazoles clearly diminish free glucose levels, although in vitro only mebENDazole produces the same diminution.
Abstract: In an attempt to find possible targets for benzimidazole action in muscle-stage larvae of Trichinella spiralis, the effects of mebendazole and thiabendazole were tested in vivo by oral treatment of infested mice and in vitro by including these anthelmintics in an adequate maintenance medium containing decapsulated larvae. The effects of the anthelmintics on succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities, measured in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from the in vivo- or in vitro-treated larvae showed that only thiabendazole causes significant inhibition of fumarate reductase activity. On the other hand, measurements of free glucose, glycogen reserves and soluble protein in the treated larvae indicate that in vivo, mebendazole and thiabendazole clearly diminish free glucose levels, although in vitro only mebendazole produces the same diminution. Both the glycogen and protein contents of the larvae remained unchanged after treatment in vivo or in vitro. The importance of these findings with regard to a possible site of action for mebendazole and thiabendazole is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that, under experimental conditions, exogenously supplied dUrd may be metabolized intracellularly to 2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) and that this deoxynucleotide may eventually be mis-incorporated into DNA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A relationship has been found between the As level and the wine-making technique and the main reasons for the differences in the arsenic (As) content of rosé and red wines are explained.
Abstract: All of the essential technological means of treating grapes, must and wine were examined systematically. The main reasons for the differences in the arsenic (As) content of rose and red wines are explained. In this study a relationship has been found between the As level and the wine-making technique. Rose wines contain more As than red wines because they require a shorter period of contact with the skins. In order to prove this, the average values for the rose and red wine samples from the same winery were compared.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two antifungal antibiotics, named PA-5 and PA-7 were produced by an actinomycete strain, characterized and identified as Streptoverticillium sp 43/16, which exhibit strong antIFungal activity against pathogen yeasts and molds.
Abstract: Two antifungal antibiotics, named PA-5 and PA-7 were produced by an actinomycete strain, characterized and identified as Streptoverticillium sp 43/16. These antibiotics were extracted from mycelial cake with methanol and purified using different organic solvents and LH-20 Sephadex column chromatography. PA-5 and PA-7 were characterized as, a pentaene and a heptaene macrolide antibiotic, respectively. These antibiotics exhibit strong antifungal activity against pathogen yeasts and molds.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Penicillium oxalicum grown in a basal medium with different carbon and nitrogen sources, produced exo-and endo-1, 3- β -glucanase activities during the autolysis period and the levels of these enzymes were high in all the media studied.
Abstract: Penicillium oxalicum grown in a basal medium with different carbon and nitrogen sources, produced exo-and endo-1, 3- β -glucanase activities during the autolysis period. The levels of these enzymes were high in all the media studied. Exo-1,3- β -glucanase had an optimum pH at 5.5 and endo-1,3- β -glucanase at 45. Both enzymes were most stable at pH values between 3 and 7. Exo- and endo-1,3- β -glucanases had their maximum activity at 50 °C and were stable up to 40 °. K m values were 0.2 mg ml −1 for laminarin and periodate oxidized laminarin in all the media tested but V max values were different depending on the type of culture medium.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An increase in bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) and a decrease in pyruvate kinase (PK) was observed in red cell populations from anemic rats containing 95% down to 3% reticulocytes in blood, after counter-current distribution of those cell populations in dextrahpoly (ethylene glycol) two-phase systems.
Abstract: An increase in bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) and a decrease in pyruvate kinase (PK), i.e. a decrease in PK/BPGM ratio, was observed in red cell populations from anemic rats containing 95% down to 3% reticulocytes in blood. Such a ratio has been used to study the fractionation of recticulocytes, according to their degree of maturation, after counter-current distribution of those cell populations in dextrahpoly (ethylene glycol) two-phase systems. When applying this procedure to the fractionation according to age of erythrocytes from normal rats, the decrease of PK with cellular age was observed without a significant variation in BPGM activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reactivity of several products R1R2CH-X+, 1, (X=N,P,S), which can produce ylids by reaction with bases, has been tested using the activated barium hydroxide catalysts, C-200.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Conventional classification based on morphological characters does not totally agree with biochemical data and the evolutionary pattern of these American species seems to follow a model of reticulate evolution.
Abstract: Slab gel electrophoresis techniques have been applied to the study of isozyme and kernel protein patterns in 20 accessions ofHordeum chilense and related species in order to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships. On the basis of our results we can conclude that: (1) Conventional classification based on morphological characters does not totally agree with biochemical data. (2) Sectt.Anisolepis andCritesion seem to be clearly differentiated. (3) The accessions classified asH. compressum present biochemical phenotypes quite different from the rest of the species. (4)H. stenostachys, H. muticum andH. chilense constitute a group of variable species with many biochemical similarities and close phylogenetic relationships. (5) The evolutionary pattern of these American species seems to follow a model of reticulate evolution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus as a useful model for the study of the relationship between morphine tolerance and alpha-2 adrenergic mechanisms, and of the effects of alpha- 2 adrenergic agents on the tolerance induced by morphine in this preparation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the partitioning of heterogeneous cell populations of rat bone marrow, in comparison with that of homogeneous populations of erythrocytes, has been studied in aqueous two-phase systems containing increasing concentrations of dextran-poly-(ethylene glycol) and/or decreasing phosphate concentrations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present results demonstrate the astrocytic processes at the nodes of Ranvier in the central nervous system of lower vertebrates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three proteins (components 1, 2, and 4) of the non-prolamin, 70% ethanol soluble fraction from the endosperm of Hordeum chilense have been identified as putative subunits of the tetrameric inhibitors active against insect α-amylases.
Abstract: Three proteins (components 1, 2, and 4) of the non-prolamin, 70% ethanol soluble fraction from the endosperm of Hordeum chilense have been identified as putative subunits of the tetrameric inhibitors active against insect α-amylases. In experiments carried out with the synthetic alloploid Tritordeum (H. chilense x Triticum turgidum conv. durum), previously described proteins from T. turgidum, designated CM2, CM3 and CM 16, have been also identified as subunits of α-amylase inhibitors. Genes for components 1 and 4 of H. chilense have been located in chromosomes 4Hch and 7Hch, based on the analysis of H. chilense-T.turgidum addition lines. Subunits of the inhibitors from wheat and from cultivated barley had been previously assigned to chromosomes of the same homoeology groups.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In addition to the multifactorial regulation of the cyclic AMP system in rat prostatic epithelium, these results suggest that somatostatin may play a physiological role at this level.