Showing papers by "University of Alcalá published in 2020"
University of Mainz1, Paris Descartes University2, University of Perugia3, Carlos III Health Institute4, Utrecht University5, Helsinki University Central Hospital6, Leiden University7, French Institute of Health and Medical Research8, Imperial College London9, University of Alcalá10, University Hospital of Lausanne11, Medical University of Vienna12, University of Göttingen13, Maastricht University14, University of Franche-Comté15, University College Dublin16, Medical University of Warsaw17, University of Geneva18
TL;DR: Guidelines summarize and evaluate available evidence with the aim of assisting health professionals in proposing the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition.
Abstract: Guidelines summarize and evaluate available evidence with the aim of assisting health professionals in proposing the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition. Guidelines and their recommendations should facilitate decision making of health professionals in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate.
2,079 citations
TL;DR: The extent of the trait data compiled in TRY is evaluated and emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness are analyzed to conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements.
Abstract: Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
882 citations
University of Colorado Boulder1, Cornell University2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center3, Complutense University of Madrid4, University of Milan5, Harvard University6, University of California, San Francisco7, Yonsei University8, Institut Gustave Roussy9, University of California, San Diego10, University of Michigan11, Northwestern University12, Huntsman Cancer Institute13, Georgetown University14, City of Hope National Medical Center15, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center16, The Chinese University of Hong Kong17, University of Alcalá18, University of Southern California19, Emory University20, University of Göttingen21, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia22, Genentech23
TL;DR: Results show that entrectinib induced durable and clinically meaningful responses in patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours, and was well tolerated with a manageable safety profile.
Abstract: Summary Background Entrectinib is a potent inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) A, B, and C, which has been shown to have anti-tumour activity against NTRK gene fusion-positive solid tumours, including CNS activity due to its ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. We present an integrated efficacy and safety analysis of patients with metastatic or locally advanced solid tumours harbouring oncogenic NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 gene fusions treated in three ongoing, early-phase trials. Methods An integrated database comprised the pivotal datasets of three, ongoing phase 1 or 2 clinical trials (ALKA-372-001, STARTRK-1, and STARTRK-2), which enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with metastatic or locally advanced NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours who received entrectinib orally at a dose of at least 600 mg once per day in a capsule. All patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 and could have received previous anti-cancer therapy (except previous TRK inhibitors). The primary endpoints, the proportion of patients with an objective response and median duration of response, were evaluated by blinded independent central review in the efficacy-evaluable population (ie, patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours who were TRK inhibitor-naive and had received at least one dose of entrectinib). Overall safety evaluable population included patients from STARTRK-1, STARTRK-2, ALKA-372-001, and STARTRK-NG ( NCT02650401 ; treating young adult and paediatric patients [aged ≤21 years]), who received at least one dose of entrectinib, regardless of tumour type or gene rearrangement. NTRK fusion-positive safety evaluable population comprised all patients who have received at least one dose of entrectinib regardless of dose or follow-up. These ongoing studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02097810 (STARTRK-1) and NCT02568267 (STARTRK-2), and EudraCT, 2012–000148–88 (ALKA-372-001). Findings Patients were enrolled in ALKA-372–001 from Oct 26, 2012, to March 27, 2018; in STARTRK-1 from Aug 7, 2014, to May 10, 2018; and in STARTRK-2 from Nov 19, 2015 (enrolment is ongoing). At the data cutoff date for this analysis (May 31, 2018) the efficacy-evaluable population comprised 54 adults with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours comprising ten different tumour types and 19 different histologies. Median follow-up was 12.9 months (IQR 8·77–18·76). 31 (57%; 95% CI 43·2–70·8) of 54 patients had an objective response, of which four (7%) were complete responses and 27 (50%) partial reponses. Median duration of response was 10 months (95% CI 7·1 to not estimable). The most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events in both safety populations were increased weight (seven [10%] of 68 patients in the NTRK fusion-positive safety population and in 18 [5%] of 355 patients in the overall safety-evaluable population) and anaemia (8 [12%] and 16 [5%]). The most common serious treatment-related adverse events were nervous system disorders (three [4%] of 68 patients and ten [3%] of 355 patients). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Interpretation Entrectinib induced durable and clinically meaningful responses in patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours, and was well tolerated with a manageable safety profile. These results show that entrectinib is a safe and active treatment option for patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours. These data highlight the need to routinely test for NTRK fusions to broaden the therapeutic options available for patients with NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours. Funding Ignyta/F Hoffmann-La Roche.
871 citations
Vanderbilt University Medical Center1, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research2, Marche Polytechnic University3, University of L'Aquila4, Hebron University5, University of Alcalá6, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University7, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico8, Georgetown University9, University of Lausanne10, Academy for Urban School Leadership11, University of Parma12, Guangdong General Hospital13, Erasmus University Medical Center14, Aix-Marseille University15, Stanford University16, Vanderbilt University17
TL;DR: With an ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19, the data suggest high mortality and low admission to intensive care in patients with thoracic cancer and whether mortality could be reduced with treatment in intensive care remains to be determined.
Abstract: Summary Background Early reports on patients with cancer and COVID-19 have suggested a high mortality rate compared with the general population. Patients with thoracic malignancies are thought to be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 given their older age, smoking habits, and pre-existing cardiopulmonary comorbidities, in addition to cancer treatments. We aimed to study the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on patients with thoracic malignancies. Methods The Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration (TERAVOLT) registry is a multicentre observational study composed of a cross-sectional component and a longitudinal cohort component. Eligibility criteria were the presence of any thoracic cancer (non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC], small-cell lung cancer, mesothelioma, thymic epithelial tumours, and other pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms) and a COVID-19 diagnosis, either laboratory confirmed with RT-PCR, suspected with symptoms and contacts, or radiologically suspected cases with lung imaging features consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia and symptoms. Patients of any age, sex, histology, or stage were considered eligible, including those in active treatment and clinical follow-up. Clinical data were extracted from medical records of consecutive patients from Jan 1, 2020, and will be collected until the end of pandemic declared by WHO. Data on demographics, oncological history and comorbidities, COVID-19 diagnosis, and course of illness and clinical outcomes were collected. Associations between demographic or clinical characteristics and outcomes were measured with odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, with sex, age, smoking status, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease included in multivariable analysis. This is a preliminary analysis of the first 200 patients. The registry continues to accept new sites and patient data. Findings Between March 26 and April 12, 2020, 200 patients with COVID-19 and thoracic cancers from eight countries were identified and included in the TERAVOLT registry; median age was 68·0 years (61·8–75·0) and the majority had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–1 (142 [72%] of 196 patients), were current or former smokers (159 [81%] of 196), had non-small-cell lung cancer (151 [76%] of 200), and were on therapy at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis (147 [74%] of 199), with 112 (57%) of 197 on first-line treatment. 152 (76%) patients were hospitalised and 66 (33%) died. 13 (10%) of 134 patients who met criteria for ICU admission were admitted to ICU; the remaining 121 were hospitalised, but were not admitted to ICU. Univariable analyses revealed that being older than 65 years (OR 1·88, 95% 1·00–3·62), being a current or former smoker (4·24, 1·70–12·95), receiving treatment with chemotherapy alone (2·54, 1·09–6·11), and the presence of any comorbidities (2·65, 1·09–7·46) were associated with increased risk of death. However, in multivariable analysis, only smoking history (OR 3·18, 95% CI 1·11–9·06) was associated with increased risk of death. Interpretation With an ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19, our data suggest high mortality and low admission to intensive care in patients with thoracic cancer. Whether mortality could be reduced with treatment in intensive care remains to be determined. With improved cancer therapeutic options, access to intensive care should be discussed in a multidisciplinary setting based on cancer specific mortality and patients' preference. Funding None.
473 citations
TL;DR: RAAS inhibitors do not increase the risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital and use of RAAS inhibitors compared with use of other antihypertensive drugs, and should not be discontinued to prevent a severe case of CO VID-19.
344 citations
European Space Agency1, Goddard Space Flight Center2, INAF3, Université Paris-Saclay4, Royal Observatory of Belgium5, Imperial College London6, United States Naval Research Laboratory7, University of California, Berkeley8, Paris Diderot University9, University College London10, University of Liège11, University of Alcalá12, Max Planck Society13, Kyung Hee University14, University of Oslo15, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory16, ETH Zurich17, Southwest Research Institute18, Hoffmann-La Roche19, Spanish National Research Council20, University of Kiel21, University of California, Los Angeles22
TL;DR: The first mission of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme and a mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, was launched on 10 February 2020 04:03 UTC from Cape Canaveral and aims to address key questions of solar and heliospheric physics pertaining to how the Sun creates and controls the Heliosphere, and why solar activity changes with time.
Abstract: Aims. Solar Orbiter, the first mission of ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme and a mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, will explore the Sun and heliosphere from close up and out of the ecliptic plane. It was launched on 10 February 2020 04:03 UTC from Cape Canaveral and aims to address key questions of solar and heliospheric physics pertaining to how the Sun creates and controls the Heliosphere, and why solar activity changes with time. To answer these, the mission carries six remote-sensing instruments to observe the Sun and the solar corona, and four in-situ instruments to measure the solar wind, energetic particles, and electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we describe the science objectives of the mission, and how these will be addressed by the joint observations of the instruments onboard.Methods. The paper first summarises the mission-level science objectives, followed by an overview of the spacecraft and payload. We report the observables and performance figures of each instrument, as well as the trajectory design. This is followed by a summary of the science operations concept. The paper concludes with a more detailed description of the science objectives.Results. Solar Orbiter will combine in-situ measurements in the heliosphere with high-resolution remote-sensing observations of the Sun to address fundamental questions of solar and heliospheric physics. The performance of the Solar Orbiter payload meets the requirements derived from the mission’s science objectives. Its science return will be augmented further by coordinated observations with other space missions and ground-based observatories.
330 citations
TL;DR: The sludge of the WWTP sampled in this work, would disseminate 8 × 1011 plastic particles per year if improperly managed and the agricultural use of sludge as soil amendment in the area of Madrid could spread up to 1013 microplastic particles in agricultural soils per year.
290 citations
Goethe University Frankfurt1, University of Debrecen2, University of Bologna3, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven4, University of Padua5, University of Turin6, Autonomous University of Barcelona7, Royal Free Hospital8, Université libre de Bruxelles9, University of Alcalá10, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón11, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik12, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich13, Medical University of Vienna14, University of Cambridge15, Wittenberg University16, Leipzig University17, RWTH Aachen University18, Leiden University Medical Center19, Medical University of Graz20, Innsbruck Medical University21, University of Lugano22, Aarhus University Hospital23, Université Paris-Saclay24, Marmara University25, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust26, University of Paris27, Ghent University Hospital28, Hannover Medical School29, University Hospital Bonn30, University of Münster31, University of Basel32, University of Birmingham33, Derriford Hospital34, University of Copenhagen35
TL;DR: Acute decompensation without ACLF is a heterogeneous condition with three different clinical courses and two major pathophysiological mechanisms: systemic inflammation and portal hypertension.
228 citations
TL;DR: The rapid antigen test evaluated in this study showed a high sensitivity and specificity in samples obtained during the first week of symptoms and with high viral loads, and seems to be an effective strategy for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
216 citations
European Institute of Oncology1, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust2, University of Valencia3, Carlos III Health Institute4, University of Milan5, University of Alcalá6, Claude Bernard University Lyon 17, Curie Institute8, Netherlands Cancer Institute9, Heidelberg University10, Leipzig University11, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc12, University of Lausanne13, Hebron University14, University of Ioannina15, University of Geneva16, Université Paris-Saclay17, Harvard University18, Duke University19, National University of Singapore20, Université libre de Bruxelles21, Lund University22, Institut Gustave Roussy23, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University24
TL;DR: An international consortium to develop expert consensus statements related to cancer management during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-related disease (COVID-19) pandemic agreed on 28 consensus statements that can be used to overcome many of the clinical and technical areas of uncertainty.
203 citations
NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital1, Yale University2, University of Alcalá3, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center4, Harvard University5, University of Insubria6, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston7, University of Liverpool8, Chinese PLA General Hospital9, Huazhong University of Science and Technology10, Jean Monnet University11, Veterans Health Administration12, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics13, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania14, University of Vermont15, University of Montpellier16, Westmead Hospital17, Loyola University Medical Center18, University of Chicago19, NorthShore University HealthSystem20, University of Milan21, Auckland City Hospital22, St Thomas' Hospital23, Hofstra University24, University of Michigan25, Population Health Research Institute26, McMaster University27, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University28, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute29, Brigham and Women's Hospital30, Vanderbilt University31, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai32, University of Cologne33, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia34, University of Mainz35, Aalborg University36
TL;DR: Novel dosing approaches are described for commonly used antithrombotic agents (especially heparin-based regimens) and the potential use of less widely used antithsombotic drugs in the absence of confirmed thrombosis.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently a worldwide pandemic, is a viral illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The suspected contribution of thrombotic events to morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients has prompted a search for novel potential options for preventing COVID-19-associated thrombotic disease. In this article by the Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group, we describe novel dosing approaches for commonly used antithrombotic agents (especially heparin-based regimens) and the potential use of less widely used antithrombotic drugs in the absence of confirmed thrombosis. Although these therapies may have direct antithrombotic effects, other mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory or antiviral effects, have been postulated. Based on survey results from this group of authors, we suggest research priorities for specific agents and subgroups of patients with COVID-19. Further, we review other agents, including immunomodulators, that may have antithrombotic properties. It is our hope that the present document will encourage and stimulate future prospective studies and randomized trials to study the safety, efficacy, and optimal use of these agents for prevention or management of thrombosis in COVID-19.
University of Paris1, University of Barcelona2, Université Paris-Saclay3, University of Bologna4, Goethe University Frankfurt5, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven6, University of Paris-Sud7, University of Alcalá8, Université libre de Bruxelles9, University of Padua10, Autonomous University of Barcelona11, King's College London12, University of Bonn13, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich14, University College London15, Eppendorf (Germany)16, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón17, Medical University of Graz18, Aarhus University Hospital19, Leiden University Medical Center20
TL;DR: Among patients with ACLF, the intensity of the fingerprint increased across ACLF grades, and was similar in patients with kidney failure and in those without, indicating that the fingerprint reflected not only decreased kidney excretion but also altered cell metabolism.
TL;DR: Robust biomarker–drug codevelopment pipelines are expected to enrich large-scale clinical trials testing new-generation compounds active, directly or indirectly, on neuroinflammatory targets and displaying putative disease-modifying effects: novel NSAIDs, AL002 (anti-TREM2 antibody), anti-Aβ protofibrils (BAN2401), and AL003 ( anti-CD33 antibody).
Abstract: Neuroinflammation commences decades before Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical onset and represents one of the earliest pathomechanistic alterations throughout the AD continuum. Large-scale genome-wide association studies point out several genetic variants-TREM2, CD33, PILRA, CR1, MS4A, CLU, ABCA7, EPHA1, and HLA-DRB5-HLA-DRB1-potentially linked to neuroinflammation. Most of these genes are involved in proinflammatory intracellular signaling, cytokines/interleukins/cell turnover, synaptic activity, lipid metabolism, and vesicle trafficking. Proteomic studies indicate that a plethora of interconnected aberrant molecular pathways, set off and perpetuated by TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, and the receptor protein TREM2, are involved in neuroinflammation. Microglia and astrocytes are key cellular drivers and regulators of neuroinflammation. Under physiological conditions, they are important for neurotransmission and synaptic homeostasis. In AD, there is a turning point throughout its pathophysiological evolution where glial cells sustain an overexpressed inflammatory response that synergizes with amyloid-β and tau accumulation, and drives synaptotoxicity and neurodegeneration in a self-reinforcing manner. Despite a strong therapeutic rationale, previous clinical trials investigating compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), did not achieve primary efficacy endpoints. It is conceivable that study design issues, including the lack of diagnostic accuracy and biomarkers for target population identification and proof of mechanism, may partially explain the negative outcomes. However, a recent meta-analysis indicates a potential biological effect of NSAIDs. In this regard, candidate fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation are under analytical/clinical validation, i.e., TREM2, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α receptor complexes, TGF-β, and YKL-40. PET radio-ligands are investigated to accomplish in vivo and longitudinal regional exploration of neuroinflammation. Biomarkers tracking different molecular pathways (body fluid matrixes) along with brain neuroinflammatory endophenotypes (neuroimaging markers), can untangle temporal-spatial dynamics between neuroinflammation and other AD pathophysiological mechanisms. Robust biomarker-drug codevelopment pipelines are expected to enrich large-scale clinical trials testing new-generation compounds active, directly or indirectly, on neuroinflammatory targets and displaying putative disease-modifying effects: novel NSAIDs, AL002 (anti-TREM2 antibody), anti-Aβ protofibrils (BAN2401), and AL003 (anti-CD33 antibody). As a next step, taking advantage of breakthrough and multimodal techniques coupled with a systems biology approach is the path to pursue for developing individualized therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation under the framework of precision medicine.
TL;DR: Mortality was associated with higher age, more comorbidities, type of hematological malignancy and type of antineoplastic therapy, and further studies and long-term follow-up are required to validate these criteria for risk stratification.
Abstract: Patients with cancer have been shown to have a higher risk of clinical severity and mortality compared to non-cancer patients with COVID-19. Patients with hematologic malignancies typically are known to have higher levels of immunosuppression and may develop more severe respiratory viral infections than patients with solid tumors. Data on COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies are limited. Here we characterize disease severity and mortality and evaluate potential prognostic factors for mortality. In this population-based registry study, we collected de-identified data on clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within the Madrid region of Spain. Our case series included all patients admitted to 22 regional health service hospitals and 5 private healthcare centers between February 28 and May 25, 2020. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. We assessed the association between mortality and potential prognostic factors using Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, hematologic malignancy and recent active cancer therapy. Of 833 patients reported, 697 were included in the analyses. Median age was 72 years (IQR 60–79), 413 (60%) patients were male and 479 (69%) and 218 (31%) had lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, respectively. Clinical severity of COVID-19 was severe/critical in 429 (62%) patients. At data cutoff, 230 (33%) patients had died. Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratios 3.17–10.1 vs 2 comorbidities (1.41 vs ≤ 2), acute myeloid leukemia (2.22 vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and active antineoplastic treatment with monoclonal antibodies (2·02) were associated with increased mortality; conventional chemotherapy showed borderline significance (1.50 vs no active therapy). Conversely, Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (0.33) and active treatment with hypomethylating agents (0.47) were associated with lower mortality. Overall, 574 (82%) patients received antiviral therapy. Mortality with severe/critical COVID-19 was higher with no therapy vs any antiviral combination therapy (2.20). In this series of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, mortality was associated with higher age, more comorbidities, type of hematological malignancy and type of antineoplastic therapy. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to validate these criteria for risk stratification.
TL;DR: The FBG-based measuring systems, their principle of work, and their applications in medicine and healthcare are reviewed to highlight how FBGs can meet the demands of next-generation medical devices and healthcare system.
Abstract: In the last decades, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become increasingly attractive to medical applications due to their unique properties such as small size, biocompatibility, immunity to electromagnetic interferences, high sensitivity and multiplexing capability. FBGs have been employed in the development of surgical tools, assistive devices, wearables, and biosensors, showing great potentialities for medical uses. This paper reviews the FBG-based measuring systems, their principle of work, and their applications in medicine and healthcare. Particular attention is given to sensing solutions for biomechanics, minimally invasive surgery, physiological monitoring, and medical biosensing. Strengths, weaknesses, open challenges, and future trends are also discussed to highlight how FBGs can meet the demands of next-generation medical devices and healthcare system.
TL;DR: A preliminary observation of high frequency of male pattern hair loss among admitted COVID‐19 patients and a suggestion that androgen expression might be a clue to CO VID‐19 severity are suggested.
Abstract: A preliminary observation of high frequency of male pattern hair loss among admitted COVID-19 patients and suggest that androgen expression might be a clue to COVID-19 severity.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a hybrid approach that combines MODIS highest resolution (250m) near-infrared band and active fire information from thermal channels, which was used to obtain a time series of global burned area dataset (named FireCCI51), covering the 2001-2018 period.
TL;DR: The observation of a new pattern with erythema multiforme‐like lesions in 4 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 infection is reported, suggesting that this EM‐like or target‐like exanthem might be another pattern ofExanthem associated with CO VID‐19 infections.
Abstract: Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 infection are being increasingly reported. Several patterns have been described since the initial report by Recalcati,1 including erythematous maculo-papular,1 urticarial,1,2 chickenpox-like,1,3 purpuric peri-flexural,4 transient livedo reticularis,5 and acro-ischemic or chilblain-like lesions.6,7 Herein we report the observation a new pattern with erythema multiforme-like lesions in 4 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. All of them were women, and the mean age was 66.75 years (range 58 - 77). The mean time period between the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the appearance of cutaneous lesions was 19.5 days (range 16 - 24). One patient developed the skin rash during hospitalization. The remaining 3 patients had been previously discharged after clinical, analytical and radiologic improvement, and negativization of COVID-19 PCR test. These 3 patients returned to the Emergency department consulting for skin rashes 6, 7 and 4 days after discharge, respectively. Laboratory tests at the time of skin lesions showed worsening of one or more parameters, compared to those at the time of discharge (CRP, D-dimer and lymphocyte count). However, none of the patients presented recurrence of clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Microbiological studies were performed in 2 patients, excluding other infectious diseases (Table 1). In all patients, skin lesions begun as erythematous papules in upper trunk, that progressively turned to erythemato-violaceous patches with a dusky center, and a pseudo-vesicle in the middle. Typical target lesions were observed in two patients. Lesions were markedly coalescing in the back, and then spread to the face and limbs within 1 week, without involvement of palms and soles (Figure 1). Three patient had their oral cavity examined, showing palatal macules and petechiae. Histological examination was similar in all patients, revealing a normal basket-weave stratum corneum, and mild to moderate spongiosis in epidermis. The dermis showed dilated vessels filled with neutrophils, extravasation of red blood cells, and lymphocytic perivascular and interstitial infiltrate. Basal vacuolar changes with interface dermatitis was observed in 1 patient, and lymphocytic exocytosis in another (Figure 2). All patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids with progressive resolution of the skin lesions within 2-3 weeks. We are facing challenging times in Dermatology. New information and cutaneous manifestations possibly related to COVID-19 are emerging every day. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these lesions are associated with the virus, the drug intake or any other conditions. Erythema multiforme (EM) is linked to infectious agents in 90% of the cases, while drug-associated EM is reported in less than 10% of cases. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the main agents, but other viruses have been reported, such as Adenovirus, Coxsackie, Parvovirus B19.8 We suggest that this EM-like or target-like exanthem might be another pattern of exanthem associated with COVID-19 infection. Recent articles also report targetoid lesions in exanthems of patients with COVID-19 infection.9,10 In addition, the presence of pseudo-vesicles and enanthem are two clues that suggest an infectious cause rather than a drug reaction. However, we cannot positively exclude the involvement of the various drugs administered to the patients. This is a first observation that will require further investigations.
TL;DR: An overview on the fundamentals and characteristics of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis as well as the main advances and trends in this topic can be found in this article, where special attention is paid to the most recent technological and methodological developments achieved mainly in the most employed separation mode (Electrokinetic Chromatography).
Abstract: The implications of chirality in different environments are already well known and reported extensively in the literature. Capillary Electrophoresis, a separation technique that only requires few nanoliters of sample, has demonstrated its potential for chiral analysis in the past years. The aim of this article is to provide an overview on the fundamentals and characteristics of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis as well as the main advances and trends in this topic. Special attention is paid to the most recent technological and methodological developments achieved mainly in the most employed separation mode (Electrokinetic Chromatography). The most noteworthy and recent applications reported on the enantiomeric separation and determination of compounds in pharmaceutical, food, biomedical, environmental or forensic samples will also be critically overviewed. The characteristics of the developed methodologies will be detailed in Tables and future trends will also be discussed.
TL;DR: There are remarkable interregional differences in the disorder's prevalence, as well as in certain sociodemographic correlates.
TL;DR: Graphical abstracts as mentioned in this paper are used in this paper. But they do not specify the authorship of the abstracts, only the authors themselves, and their authorship is unknown.
Abstract: Graphical abstract
TL;DR: In summary, physical exercise might provide numerous benefits through different pathways that might, in turn, help prevent risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
TL;DR: The results proved the occurrence of anthropogenic pollutants in remote polar areas and their probable origin is the long range atmospheric transport.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of existing life cycle assessment studies on lithium-ion battery recycling is presented, where the authors parametrize process models of state-of-the-art pyrometallurgical and hydrometalurgical recycling, enabling their application to different cell chemistries.
Abstract: On the basis of a review of existing life cycle assessment studies on lithium‐ion battery recycling, we parametrize process models of state‐of‐the‐art pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling, enabling their application to different cell chemistries, including beyond‐lithium batteries such as sodium‐ion batteries These processes are used as benchmark for evaluating an advanced hydrometallurgical recycling process, which is modeled on the basis of primary data obtained from a recycling company, quantifying the potential reduction of environmental impacts that can be achieved by the recycling of different cell chemistries Depending on the cell chemistry, recycling can reduce significantly the potential environmental impacts of battery production The highest benefit is obtained via advanced hydrometallurgical treatment for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide‐type batteries, mainly because of the recovery of cobalt and nickel Especially under resource depletion aspects, recycling of these cells can reduce their impact to an extent that even leads to a lower “net impact” than that of cells made from majorly abundant and cheap materials like lithium iron phosphate, which shows a more favorable performance when recycling is disregarded For these cells, recycling does not necessarily provide benefits but can rather cause additional environmental impacts This indicates that maximum material recovery might not always be favorable under environmental aspects and that, especially for the final hydrometallurgical treatment, the process would need to be adapted to the specific cell chemistry, if one wants to obtain maximum environmental benefit
TL;DR: The present review aims to understand the current state of this important disease and the paths that must be forged in patients with breast cancer.
Abstract: Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest prevalence in women and is the number-one cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Cell transduction is a fundamental process in the development and progression of cancer. Modifications in various cell signalling pathways promote tumour cell proliferation, progression, and survival. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an example of that, and it is involved in growth, proliferation, survival, motility, metabolism, and immune response regulation. Activation of this pathway is one of the main causes of cancer cell resistance to antitumour therapies. This makes PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling a crucial object of study for understanding the development and progression of this disease. Thus, this pathway may have a role as a potential therapeutic target, as well as prognostic and diagnostic value, in patients with breast cancer. Despite the existence of selective PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors and current clinical trials, the cellular mechanisms are not yet known. The present review aims to understand the current state of this important disease and the paths that must be forged.
TL;DR: Using European databases to forecast winegrape phenology, it is found that cultivar diversity halved potential losses of winegrowing regions under a 2 °C warming scenario and could reduce losses by a third if warming reaches 4 °C, which is more muted at higher warming scenarios.
Abstract: Agrobiodiversity—the variation within agricultural plants, animals, and practices—is often suggested as a way to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on crops [S. A. Wood et al., Trends Ecol. Evol. 30, 531–539 (2015)]. Recently, increasing research and attention has focused on exploiting the intraspecific genetic variation within a crop [Hajjar et al., Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 123, 261–270 (2008)], despite few relevant tests of how this diversity modifies agricultural forecasts. Here, we quantify how intraspecific diversity, via cultivars, changes global projections of growing areas. We focus on a crop that spans diverse climates, has the necessary records, and is clearly impacted by climate change: winegrapes (predominantly Vitis vinifera subspecies vinifera). We draw on long-term French records to extrapolate globally for 11 cultivars (varieties) with high diversity in a key trait for climate change adaptation—phenology. We compared scenarios where growers shift to more climatically suitable cultivars as the climate warms or do not change cultivars. We find that cultivar diversity more than halved projected losses of current winegrowing areas under a 2 °C warming scenario, decreasing areas lost from 56 to 24%. These benefits are more muted at higher warming scenarios, reducing areas lost by a third at 4 °C (85% versus 58%). Our results support the potential of in situ shifting of cultivars to adapt agriculture to climate change—including in major winegrowing regions—as long as efforts to avoid higher warming scenarios are successful.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize cases where natural regeneration is occurring in agricultural landscapes around the world and identify the socio-ecological factors that favor its development and affect its qualities, outcomes and persistence.
Abstract: Under suitable conditions, deforested land used for agricultural crops or pastures can revert to forest through the assisted or unassisted process of natural regeneration. These naturally regenerating forests conserve biodiversity, provide a wide array of ecosystem goods and services, and support rural economies and livelihoods. Based on studies in tropical and temperate forest ecosystems, we summarize cases where natural regeneration is occurring in agricultural landscapes around the world and identify the socio-ecological factors that favor its development and affect its qualities, outcomes and persistence. We describe how the economic and policy context creates barriers for the development, persistence, and management of naturally regenerating forests, including perverse outcomes of policies intended to enhance protection of native forests. We conclude with recommendations for specific economic and policy interventions at local, national, and global scales to enhance forest natural regeneration and to promote the sustainable management of regrowth forests on former agricultural land while strengthening rural communities and economies.
Goethe University Frankfurt1, Shanghai Jiao Tong University2, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón3, University of Barcelona4, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy5, University of Paris6, University of Alcalá7, Autonomous University of Barcelona8, University of Toulouse9, Autonomous University of Madrid10, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven11, University of Copenhagen12, Medical University of Vienna13, Aarhus University Hospital14, University of Padua15, University of Alberta16, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg17, University of Bonn18, Odense University Hospital19, University of Bern20, Complutense University of Madrid21
TL;DR: This large multi-center international real-life study identified ACLF as at admission an independent predictor of rebleeding and mortality in AVB and pTIPS may be considered in ACLF patients with AVB, although the presented data need to be independently validated.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the two main methods for molecular outflow detection: CO millimeter interferometry and Herschel OH-based spectroscopic outflow searches, and find an 80% agreement in detecting vout & 150 km s 1 outflows, and non-matches can be plausibly ascribed to outflow geometry and signal-to-noise ratio.
Abstract: We report new detections and limits from a NOEMA and ALMA CO(1-0) search for molecular outflows in 13 local galaxies with high far-infrared surface brightness, and combine these with local universe CO outflow results from the literature. The CO line ratios and spatial outflow structure of our targets provide some constraints on the conversion steps from observables to physical quantities such as molecular mass outflow rates. Where available, ratios between outflow emission in higher J CO transitions and in CO(1-0) are typically consistent with excitation R-i1 less than or similar to 1. However, for IRAS 13120 5453, R-31 = 2.10 +/- 0.29 indicates optically thin CO in the outflow. Like much of the outflow literature, we use ff CO(1 0) = 0.8, and we present arguments for using C = 1 in deriving molecular mass outflow rates. (M)over dot(out) = CM(out)v(out)/R-out. We compare the two main methods for molecular outflow detection: CO millimeter interferometry and Herschel OH-based spectroscopic outflow searches. For 26 sources studied with both methods, we find an 80% agreement in detecting vout & 150 km s 1 outflows, and non-matches can be plausibly ascribed to outflow geometry and signal-to-noise ratio. For a published sample of 12 bright ultraluminous infrared galaxies with detailed OH-based outflow modeling, CO outflows are detected in all but one. Outflow masses, velocities, and sizes for these 11 sources agree well between the two methods, and modest remaining di fferences may relate to the di fferent but overlapping regions sampled by CO emission and OH absorption. Outflow properties correlate better with active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity and with bolometric luminosity than with far-infrared surface brightness. The most massive outflows are found for systems with current AGN activity, but significant outflows in nonAGN systems must relate to star formation or to AGN activity in the recent past. We report scaling relations for the increase of outflow mass, rate, momentum rate, and kinetic power with bolometric luminosity. Short flow times of similar to 10(6) yr and some sources with resolved multiple outflow episodes support a role of intermittent driving, likely by AGNs.
TL;DR: This paper proposes a Panoramic Annular Semantic Segmentation (PASS) framework to perceive the whole surrounding based on a compact panoramic annular lens system and an online panorama unfolding process, and adapts real-time ERF-PSPNet to predict semantically meaningful feature maps in different segments, and fuse them to fulfillpanoramic scene parsing.
Abstract: Pixel-wise semantic segmentation is capable of unifying most of driving scene perception tasks, and has enabled striking progress in the context of navigation assistance, where an entire surrounding sensing is vital. However, current mainstream semantic segmenters are predominantly benchmarked against datasets featuring narrow Field of View (FoV), and a large part of vision-based intelligent vehicles use only a forward-facing camera. In this paper, we propose a Panoramic Annular Semantic Segmentation (PASS) framework to perceive the whole surrounding based on a compact panoramic annular lens system and an online panorama unfolding process. To facilitate the training of PASS models, we leverage conventional FoV imaging datasets, bypassing the efforts entailed to create fully dense panoramic annotations. To consistently exploit the rich contextual cues in the unfolded panorama, we adapt our real-time ERF-PSPNet to predict semantically meaningful feature maps in different segments, and fuse them to fulfill panoramic scene parsing. The innovation lies in the network adaptation to enable smooth and seamless segmentation, combined with an extended set of heterogeneous data augmentations to attain robustness in panoramic imagery. A comprehensive variety of experiments demonstrates the effectiveness for real-world surrounding perception in a single PASS, while the adaptation proposal is exceptionally positive for state-of-the-art efficient networks.