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Institution

University of Alcalá

EducationAlcalá de Henares, Spain
About: University of Alcalá is a education organization based out in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 10795 authors who have published 20718 publications receiving 410089 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Alcala & University of Alcala de Henares.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Climate Change Initiative (CCI) as discussed by the authors provides a forum to bring the data and modeling communities together to provide a climate system perspective and a forum for bringing data and modelling communities together.
Abstract: Observations of Earth from space have been made for over 40 years and have contributed to advances in many aspects of climate science. However, attempts to exploit this wealth of data are often hampered by a lack of homogeneity and continuity and by insufficient understanding of the products and their uncertainties. There is, therefore, a need to reassess and reprocess satellite datasets to maximize their usefulness for climate science. The European Space Agency has responded to this need by establishing the Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The CCI will create new climate data records for (currently) 13 essential climate variables (ECVs) and make these open and easily accessible to all. Each ECV project works closely with users to produce time series from the available satellite observations relevant to users' needs. A climate modeling users' group provides a climate system perspective and a forum to bring the data and modeling communities together. This paper presents the CCI program. It outlines its benefit and presents approaches and challenges for each ECV project, covering clouds, aerosols, ozone, greenhouse gases, sea surface temperature, ocean color, sea level, sea ice, land cover, fire, glaciers, soil moisture, and ice sheets. It also discusses how the CCI approach may contribute to defining and shaping future developments in Earth observation for climate science.

332 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first mission of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme and a mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, was launched on 10 February 2020 04:03 UTC from Cape Canaveral and aims to address key questions of solar and heliospheric physics pertaining to how the Sun creates and controls the Heliosphere, and why solar activity changes with time.
Abstract: Aims. Solar Orbiter, the first mission of ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme and a mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, will explore the Sun and heliosphere from close up and out of the ecliptic plane. It was launched on 10 February 2020 04:03 UTC from Cape Canaveral and aims to address key questions of solar and heliospheric physics pertaining to how the Sun creates and controls the Heliosphere, and why solar activity changes with time. To answer these, the mission carries six remote-sensing instruments to observe the Sun and the solar corona, and four in-situ instruments to measure the solar wind, energetic particles, and electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we describe the science objectives of the mission, and how these will be addressed by the joint observations of the instruments onboard.Methods. The paper first summarises the mission-level science objectives, followed by an overview of the spacecraft and payload. We report the observables and performance figures of each instrument, as well as the trajectory design. This is followed by a summary of the science operations concept. The paper concludes with a more detailed description of the science objectives.Results. Solar Orbiter will combine in-situ measurements in the heliosphere with high-resolution remote-sensing observations of the Sun to address fundamental questions of solar and heliospheric physics. The performance of the Solar Orbiter payload meets the requirements derived from the mission’s science objectives. Its science return will be augmented further by coordinated observations with other space missions and ground-based observatories.

330 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the Herschel PACS survey of local ultra luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) were presented, and all observed far-infrared fine-structure lines in the PACS range were detected and all were found to be deficient relative to the far infrared luminosity by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with lower luminosity galaxies.
Abstract: In this first paper on the results of our Herschel PACS survey of local ultra luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), as part of our SHINING survey of local galaxies, we present far-infrared spectroscopy of Mrk 231, the most luminous of the local ULIRGs, and a type 1 broad absorption line AGN. For the first time in a ULIRG, all observed far-infrared fine-structure lines in the PACS range were detected and all were found to be deficient relative to the far infrared luminosity by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared with lower luminosity galaxies. The deficits are similar to those for the mid-infrared lines, with the most deficient lines showing high ionization potentials. Aged starbursts may account for part of the deficits, but partial covering of the highest excitation AGN powered regions may explain the remaining line deficits. A massive molecular outflow, discovered in OH and 18 OH, showing outflow velocities out to at least 1400 km s −1 , is a unique signature of the clearing out of the molecular disk that formed by dissipative collapse during the merger. The outflow is characterized by extremely high ratios of 18 O/ 16 O suggestive of interstellar medium processing by advanced

329 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2001-Pain
TL;DR: It is concluded that this model represents a useful tool both for phenotyping mutant mice and for classical pharmacology since information on visceral pain, referred hyperalgesia and colon inflammation can all obtained from the same animal.
Abstract: The generation of transgenic mice that lack or overexpress genes relevant to pain is becoming increasing common. However, only one visceral pain model, the writhing test, is widely used in mice. Here we describe a novel model, chemical stimulation of the colon, which we have developed in mice. Mice of either sex were injected i.v. with 30 mg/kg Evan's Blue for subsequent determination of plasma extravasation. For behavioural testing, they were placed on a raised grid and 50 microl of saline, mustard oil (0.25-2.5%) or capsaicin (0.03-0.3%) was administered by inserting a fine cannula into the colon via the anus. Visceral pain-related behaviours (licking abdomen, stretching, contractions of abdomen etc) were counted for 20 min. Before intracolonic administration, and 20 min after, the frequency of withdrawal responses to the application of von Frey probes to the abdomen was tested. The colon was removed post-mortem and the Evan's Blue content measured. Mustard oil and capsaicin administration evoked dose-dependent visceral pain behaviours, referred hyperalgesia (significant increase in responses to von Frey hairs) and colon plasma extravasation. The peak behavioural responses were evoked by 0.1% capsaicin and by 1% mustard oil respectively. The nociceptive behavioural responses were dose-dependently reversed by morphine (ED50 = 1.9 +/- 1 mg/kg s.c.). We conclude that this model represents a useful tool both for phenotyping mutant mice and for classical pharmacology since information on visceral pain, referred hyperalgesia and colon inflammation can all obtained from the same animal.

329 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present review reveals the serious contamination status of Italian surface water and groundwater especially by pesticides, industrials and to a lower extent by pharmaceuticals and the necessity to foster the research on EOC occurrence in Italian water resources, in particular in Southern Italy where a limited number of investigations currently exist.

329 citations


Authors

Showing all 10907 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
José Luis Zamorano105695133396
Jesús F. San Miguel9752744918
Sebastián F. Sánchez9662932496
Javier P. Gisbert9599033726
Luis M. Ruilope9484197778
Luis M. Garcia-Segura8848427077
Alberto Orfao8559737670
Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba8331821458
Rafael Luque8069328395
Francisco Rodríguez7974824992
Andrea Negri7924235311
Rafael Cantón7857529702
David J. Grignon7830123119
Christophe Baudouin7455322068
Josep M. Argilés7331019675
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20251
20243
202375
2022166
20211,660
20201,532