Institution
University of Antwerp
Education•Antwerp, Belgium•
About: University of Antwerp is a education organization based out in Antwerp, Belgium. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 16682 authors who have published 48837 publications receiving 1689748 citations. The organization is also known as: Universiteit Antwerpen & UAntwerp.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of galaxy masses and star formation rates in the Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environment (EAGLE) simulations are investigated, and the authors demonstrate that the simulations reproduce the observed growth of the stellar mass density to within 20 per cent.
Abstract: We investigate the evolution of galaxy masses and star formation rates in the Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environment (EAGLE) simulations. These comprise a suite of hydrodynamical simulations in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmogony with subgrid models for radiative cooling, star formation, stellar mass loss, and feedback from stars and accreting black holes. The subgrid feedback was calibrated to reproduce the observed present-day galaxy stellar mass function and galaxy sizes. Here we demonstrate that the simulations reproduce the observed growth of the stellar mass density to within 20 per cent. The simulation also tracks the observed evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function out to redshift z = 7, with differences comparable to the plausible uncertainties in the interpretation of the data. Just as with observed galaxies, the specific star formation rates of simulated galaxies are bimodal, with distinct star forming and passive sequences. The specific star formation rates of star forming galaxies are typically 0.2 to 0.4 dex lower than observed, but the evolution of the rates track the observations closely. The unprecedented level of agreement between simulation and data makes EAGLE a powerful resource to understand the physical processes that govern galaxy formation.
366 citations
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TL;DR: The general public must continue to be made aware of the current scale of AMR’s threat, and must perceive antimicrobials as they are: a non-renewable and endangered resource.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now a global threat. Its emergence rests on antimicrobial overuse in humans and food-producing animals; globalization and suboptimal infection control facilitate its spread. While aggressive measures in some countries have led to the containment of some resistant gram-positive organisms, extensively resistant gram-negative organisms such as carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pan-resistant Acinetobacter spp. continue their rapid spread. Antimicrobial conservation/stewardship programs have seen some measure of success in reducing antimicrobial overuse in humans, but their reach is limited to acute-care settings in high-income countries. Outside the European Union, there is scant or no oversight of antimicrobial administration to food-producing animals, while evidence mounts that this administration leads directly to resistant human infections. Both horizontal and vertical infection control measures can interrupt transmission among humans, but many of these are costly and essentially limited to high-income countries as well. Novel antimicrobials are urgently needed; in recent decades pharmaceutical companies have largely abandoned antimicrobial discovery and development given their high costs and low yield. Against this backdrop, international and cross-disciplinary collaboration appears to be taking root in earnest, although specific strategies still need defining. Educational programs targeting both antimicrobial prescribers and consumers must be further developed and supported. The general public must continue to be made aware of the current scale of AMR’s threat, and must perceive antimicrobials as they are: a non-renewable and endangered resource.
366 citations
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TL;DR: Five novel mutations in the myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene are identified, encoding the major structural protein (P0) of peripheral nerve myelin, in patients with either CMT1B, DSS, or CH, suggesting that these disorders may not be distinct pathophysiologic entities, but rather represent a spectrum of related "myelinopathies" due to an underlying defect in myelination.
366 citations
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TL;DR: A more careful treatment of behavioural components of mobility within observational and experimental studies of animal dispersal is needed to model dispersal with more biological realism and better understand evolutionary consequences.
365 citations
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University of Antwerp1, James Cook University2, University of Sydney3, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research4, University of Tasmania5, Technical University of Denmark6, Agricultural Research Service7, Texas A&M University8, Purdue University9, North Carolina State University10, ETH Zurich11, University of Basel12, University of Oklahoma13, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences14, Duke University15, Tuscia University16, Wageningen University and Research Centre17
TL;DR: Because single factor CO2 responses often dominated over warming responses in the combined treatments, the results suggest that projected responses to future global warming in Earth System models should not be parameterized using single factor warming experiments.
Abstract: In recent years, increased awareness of the potential interactions between rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([ CO2 ]) and temperature has illustrated the importance of multifactorial ecosystem manipulation experiments for validating Earth System models. To address the urgent need for increased understanding of responses in multifactorial experiments, this article synthesizes how ecosystem productivity and soil processes respond to combined warming and [ CO2 ] manipulation, and compares it with those obtained in single factor [ CO2 ] and temperature manipulation experiments. Across all combined elevated [ CO2 ] and warming experiments, biomass production and soil respiration were typically enhanced. Responses to the combined treatment were more similar to those in the [ CO2 ]-only treatment than to those in the warming-only treatment. In contrast to warming-only experiments, both the combined and the [ CO2 ]-only treatments elicited larger stimulation of fine root biomass than of aboveground biomass, consistently stimulated soil respiration, and decreased foliar nitrogen (N) concentration. Nonetheless, mineral N availability declined less in the combined treatment than in the [ CO2 ]-only treatment, possibly due to the warming-induced acceleration of decomposition, implying that progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) may not occur as commonly as anticipated from single factor [ CO2 ] treatment studies. Responses of total plant biomass, especially of aboveground biomass, revealed antagonistic interactions between elevated [ CO2 ] and warming, i.e. the response to the combined treatment was usually less-than-additive. This implies that productivity projections might be overestimated when models are parameterized based on single factor responses. Our results highlight the need for more (and especially more long-term) multifactor manipulation experiments. Because single factor CO2 responses often dominated over warming responses in the combined treatments, our results also suggest that projected responses to future global warming in Earth System models should not be parameterized using single factor warming experiments.
364 citations
Authors
Showing all 16957 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
Mark Gerstein | 168 | 751 | 149578 |
Hannes Jung | 159 | 2069 | 125069 |
Rui Zhang | 151 | 2625 | 107917 |
Dirk Inzé | 149 | 647 | 74468 |
Walter Paulus | 149 | 809 | 86252 |
Robin Erbacher | 138 | 1721 | 100252 |
Rupert Leitner | 136 | 1201 | 90597 |
Alison Goate | 136 | 721 | 85846 |
Andrea Giammanco | 135 | 1362 | 98093 |
Maria Spiropulu | 135 | 1455 | 96674 |
Peter Robmann | 135 | 1438 | 97569 |
Michael Tytgat | 134 | 1449 | 94133 |
Matthew Herndon | 133 | 1732 | 97466 |