Showing papers by "University of Arkansas published in 1970"
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TL;DR: The hypothesis that increased evaporation at high altitudes and in arid areas accentuates the depression of a wet- bulb thermometer may partially account for several cases of size variation in birds cited by others as disturbing exceptions to Bergmann's ecogeographic rule.
Abstract: There is a high degree of concordance among the patterns of geographic size variation in birds in the eastern and central United States. This is demonstrated for 12 species by assuming that wing length measurements are an indicator of body size on the intraspecific level, and by arranging the data in the form of a grid of means of wing lengths for sample areas. Maps giving isophenetic lines for wing length indicate gradually increasing size dines northward and westward from Florida in the Hairy Woodpecker (Dendrocopos villosus), Downy Woodpecker (Dendrocopos pubescens), Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Carolina Chickadee (Parus carolinensis), White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). In each case there is a trend for larger (or longer-winged) birds to extend southward in the Appalachian Mountains and for smaller (or shorter-winged) birds to extend northward in the Mississippi River valley. Maps made by a computer and automatic plotter using contour intervals of 0.5 mm of mean wing length for the Downy Woodpecker, for male White-breasted Nuthatches, and for female Blue Jays show that, in addition to the pattern just mentioned, relatively longer-winged birds extend southward in the interior highlands of Arkansas, and relatively shorter-winged birds extend northward up other river valleys. These subtle relationships between intraspecific size variation and topo- graphic features suggest that the link between the two phenomena may be precise adaptations to even minor climatic gradients. The relationship between these findings and the subspecies concept is discussed. Correlation coefficients for the pattern of variation in the Downy Woodpecker with seasonal and annual wet-bulb temperature, vapor pressure, and absolute humidity were all either equal to or higher than correlations with dry-bulb temperature. Since these variables reflect the combined effects of temperature and humidity, the obvious indication is that size variation is more closely related to this combination than to temperature alone. Additional correlations using the mean wing length data for seven other species confirmed that wet-bulb temperature patterns are more closely related to bird size than either dry-bulb temperature patterns or latitude. These relationships can be expressed numerically as regressions of mean wing length on either annual wet-bulb temperature or mean annual total heat per pound of air. Since increased evaporation at high altitudes and in arid areas accentuates the depression of a wet- bulb thermometer, my hypothesis may partially account for several cases of size variation in birds cited by others as disturbing exceptions to Bergmann's ecogeographic rule. Sections of a translation of Bergmann's paper published in 1847 are given. The biological mechanisms by which these relationships are maintained are unknown, and the wide range of tolerance by birds to diurnal and seasonal temperature variations tends to mask them. If the well-established inverse relationship between weight and metabolic rate per gram of homeotherms is operative on the intraspecific level, the relationships can be discussed in terms of avenues of heat loss and of energy budget equations.
768 citations
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TL;DR: The authors found that guinea-pigs showed a preference for the rearing odour at 16 or 23 days of age when presented with a 5hr choice of N, Eb or Ac stimulus animals.
86 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a model for a single-product multistage production-inventory system with static deterministic demand was developed, where the product moves between the stages in a serial fashion.
Abstract: This article develops a model for a single-product multistage production-inventory system with static deterministic demand, where the product moves between the stages in a serial fashion. In this model, it is assumed that the unfilled demand of the finished product is backlogged. Overproduction (with limitation) is allowed at the different stages so that each stage t may produce ki batches once every ki cycles. The decision variables for each stage i are the number of batches per run ki the batch size Qi , and the shortage quantity of the finished product Qs . These are determined by minimizing the total cost per unit time which includes the inventory holding cost, the shortage cost, and the setup cost. The problem is also considered for the case with storage constraints at the different stages.
69 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the exact cross sections for electron capture into the $3p$ and $3d$ states of hydrogen have been measured for 10-to-100-keV proton impact on He, Ne, Ar, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}, ${\rm{N}}{2}}, and ${\m{O}}_{ 2}, and ${ \m{N}$, for all the diatomic gases from 10 to 120 keV.
Abstract: Absolute cross sections for electron capture into the $3p$ and $3d$ states of hydrogen have been measured for 10- to 100-keV proton impact on He, Ne, Ar, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. Improved $3s$ cross sections are presented for these gases from 10 to 120 keV. An apparent maximum in the $3p$ cross section occurs in this energy range for all gases. The $3d$ cross sections decrease monotonically with increasing impact energy according to an $\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{(\frac{E}{K})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ relationship, where $E$ is the impact energy and $K$ is a constant, with the exception of helium which shows a maximum in the $3d$ cross section between 15 and 20 keV. The value of $K$ is identical for all the diatomic gases. Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ cross sections are synthesized from these results. Polarization of the $3d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2p$ radiation is reported.
67 citations
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TL;DR: It is proposed that modification of the protein results in a conformation change that is proportional to substituent size, and supported by a demonstration that β-amylase can be reversibly inactivated via disulfide interchanges.
56 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the neon and xenon isotope anomalies observed in meteorites can be interpreted in terms of a mass fractionation, which is common for both elements and is not necessary to assume the existence of large excesses of fission-type xenon in carbonaceous and gas-rich chondrites.
Abstract: The neon and xenon isotope anomalies observed in meteorites can be interpreted in terms of a mass fractionation, which is common for both elements. It is not necessary to assume the existence of large excesses of fission-type xenon in carbonaceous and gas-rich chondrites.
45 citations
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TL;DR: Pollen competition in mixed pollinations involving a time handicap was studied among the five aneuploid members of section Isopappus of Haplopappu, finding that the genetic relatedness of the taxa in the section generally parallels morphological distinctness.
Abstract: Pollen competition in mixed pollinations involving a time handicap was studied among the five aneuploid members of section Isopappus of Haplopappus. Foreign pollen was applied to the stigmas of a plant followed after a delay of 0-180 min by domestic pollen. Domestic pollen was prepotent over foreign pollen in all cases, but with increasing delay an increasing percentage of hybrids appeared in the progeny. The time interval required to produce 50% of hybrids in the progeny (at which time the two pollen types were competitively matched in potency) was determined for each cross. The interval is correlated with relatedness, with chromosome number, and with length of the style of the pollen parent. It can be used as an estimate of the potential frequency of hybridization in nature, with all other factors being equal. SECTION ISOPAPPUS of Haplopappus (Compositae) consists of five taxa which are characterized by an aneuploid chromosome series of n = 7, 6, 5, and 4 (two of the taxa are n = 5). Three of the five are very similar morphologically and have been treated by the author (Smith, 1965) as subspecies of Haplopappus validus (Rydb.) Cory: subsp. graniticus E. B. Smith, n = 7; subsp. torreyi E. B. Smith, n = 6; subsp. validus, n = 5. The fourth, H. divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray with n = 4, is similar to H. validus, but distinct enough to deserve separate status at the species level. The fifth taxon, H. rigidifolius E. B. Smith with n = 5, is rather distinct morphologically from the other four. Thus, there are basically three levels of morphological distinctness in the section as reflected in the nomenclature of the taxa: (1) close (the subspecies of H. validus), (2) intermediate (H. divaricatus/H. validus), and (3) relatively distant (the validus-divaricatus taxa/ H. rigidifolius). The genetic relatedness of the taxa in the section generally parallels morphological distinctness (Smith, 1965, 1966). About three years ago, I became interested in determining whether or not the relative competitive ability of pollen in mixed pollinations involving a time handicap would parallel the morphological and genetic relatedness determined previously by more conventional taxonomic approaches. In a preliminary paper on this topic (Smith, 1968a), early data indicated that pollen competitive ability did, indeed, show such a parallel, and that such data could be used to estimate the relatedness between taxa. It was also pointed out in the preliminary paper that the interval required to competitively equalize "foreign" and "domestic" pollen in double pollinaI Received for publication 18 February 1970. The author was the recipient of NSF grant GB-6854 during this study. tions would be useful as an estimate of the frequency of hybridization in nature, since the longer the interval the less the probability of hybridization. This paper is a report of the completed study on pollen competition in section Isopappus. MIATERIALS AND METHODS-MIature plants were grown in the greenhouse from seeds collected in Kansas and Texas (Smith, 1968a). Crosses were made on sunny or partly-cloudy days, in the usual manner, with lens-paper bags utilized to prevent open pollination. All individuals of the taxa in the section are self-incompatible. The crosses were made so that the potency of competing pollen could be equalized, as indicated by 50 % of hybrids in the progeny. Through double pollination, with the slower-growing pollen used first, followed (after a delay) by the fastergrowing pollen, the pollen types can be matched in potency. The crosses may be represented: domestic (stigma) X foreign (pollen)X Domestic (pollen), the dash indicating the timed delay. The length of the delay was varied from 0 min (simple double pollination) to as much as 180 min in some crosses involving Haplopappus rigidifolius. The seeds from crosses were planted in the greenhouse2 the progeny raised to maturity, and the pollen stainability of the progeny tested in propionic acid-aniline blue (Smith, 1965). Hybrids in the section exhibit pollen stainability ranging from about 1-48% and are thus easily differentiated from normal plants, which have 97-100% pollen stainability. Crosses that produced either 0% or 100% hybrids were excluded from the results, since these could occur due to S-allele action (two of the three parents involved in the cross sharing the same S-alleles), unless it was known from previous crosses that the parental individuals would cross.
33 citations
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TL;DR: The results rule out pyloroplasty as the primary factor responsible for the observed increased rate of gastric emptying, and suggest that the osmoreceptor mechanism described by Hunt is disrupted by vagotomy.
Abstract: To determine whether pyloroplasty or a disrupted osmoreceptor mechanism is primarily responsible for the increased gastric emptying of hypertonic sugar solutions after vagotomy and pyloroplasty, test meals of 10% glucose (556 mOsm/kg) and NaCl (200 mOsm/kg) were administered to duodenal ulcer patients with no prior operation, after vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and in patients with prior vagotomy, hiatal herniorrhaphy, and no pyloroplasty. Hypertonic glucose meals were emptied more rapidly than normal after both operations. The hypotonic NaCl meal was emptied no faster postoperatively than it was preoperatively. The results rule out pyloroplasty as the primary factor responsible for the observed increased rate of gastric emptying. Instead, the data suggest that the osmoreceptor mechanism described by Hunt is disrupted by vagotomy.
30 citations
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TL;DR: A symmetrical method of optical heterodyning of the doppler shifted signal has been developed possessing minimal instrumental spectral broadening and high SNR, which can be gainfully employed in measuringurbulence structure using a cw laser.
Abstract: A symmetrical method of optical heterodyning of the doppler shifted signal has been developed possessing minimal instrumental spectral broadening and high SNR. These advantages can be gainfully employed in measuring turbulence structure using a cw laser. The method employs two beams incident on the moving scatterer. The doppler signal frequency is independent of the scattering angle and the signal possesses no receiving aperture broadening. Typical values of signal-to-noise ratio are around 30 dB for a signal strength of 3 × 10−9 W. Optical alignment is simple. Relative merits of this technique compared to the local oscillator heterodyning method are briefly described.
28 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the psychological placebo effect and client susceptibility to persuasion and counselor expectations for client improvement in the context of placebo reactivity, patient susceptibility to persuading, and client expectation for improvement.
Abstract: Recent empirical and theoretical developments suggest that clients who genuinely believe in the effectiveness of counseling are likely to improve regardless of the validity of the counselor's approach. This improvement is based on a “psychological placebo effect” that arouses client expectations for improvement and provides clients with additional security and self-confidence to deal with life more effectively. These considerations are discussed in the context of placebo reactivity, client susceptibility to persuasion, and counselor expectations for client improvement.
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TL;DR: The data presented suggest the involvement of zinc in regulatory mechanisms controlling interrelationships between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in this species as well as some unusual substrates, such as various oils and types of rubber members of the genus utilize.
Abstract: SUMMARY Monascus purpureus Went grew better in glucose-peptone-yeast extract broth than in any other natural medium tried, and did not grow nearly so well in a Czapek-Dox mineral-salts-glucose broth. A metal ion (zinc) and a particular combination of amino acids (glycine, leucine, and tryptophan) have been found to be important components of the richer medium responsible for the increased growth. A synthetic medium producing as good or better growth than the natural medium has been devised. Zinc has been shown to be an extremely important element in the nutrition of M. purpureus. Supplemental interactions of zinc with amino acids leading to increased growth responses were repeatedly noted in minimal media where glucose was also a source of carbon. The data presented suggest the involvement of zinc in regulatory mechanisms controlling interrelationships between carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in this species. Went (1895), Piedallu (1909, 1910), Hagiwara (1924), Young (1930), Sato and Naito (1935), Schade (1937), and Lilly and Barnett (1962) have reported physiological studies on Monascus purpureus Went and related species. These investigators have mostly described: (1) some environmental conditions favorable for growth; (2) the relative efficiency of various carbon and nitrogen sources under different cultural conditions; and (3) some unusual substrates, such as various oils (Piedallu) and types of rubber (Schade) members of the genus utilize. However, no comprehensive nutritional study of M. purpureus has yet been made. The present investigation was initiated by the observation that M. purpureus grew better in glucose-peptone-yeast extract broth (40:10:5 g/liter) than in any other natural medium tried and did not grow nearly as well in a Czapek-Dox mineral-salts-glucose broth. The primary purpose was to determine the major constituents of the richer medium which stimulated the increased growth.
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TL;DR: In this article, the activation cross sections for 18 ($n, p$), (n, \ensuremath{\alpha}$), and ($n 2n$) reactions have been measured with 14.8-MeV neutrons.
Abstract: The activation cross sections for 18 ($n, p$), ($n, \ensuremath{\alpha}$), and ($n, 2n$) reactions have been measured with 14.8-MeV neutrons. The radioactivity measurements were carried out with a Ge(Li) detector. The cross sections measured, in millibarns, are $^{27}\mathrm{Al}(n, p)^{27}\mathrm{Mg}$, 73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5; $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}(n, 2n)^{84m}\mathrm{Rb}$, 714\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50; $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}(n, 2n)^{84g}\mathrm{Rb}$, 621\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}75; $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}(n, p)^{85m}\mathrm{Kr}$, 6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1; $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}(n, 2n)^{86m}\mathrm{Rb}$, 584\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40; $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}(n, 2n)^{86g}\mathrm{Rb}$, 833\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}60; $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}(n, p)^{87}\mathrm{Kr}$, 7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1; $^{84}\mathrm{Sr}(n, 2n)^{83}\mathrm{Sr}$, 395\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}75; $^{86}\mathrm{Sr}(n, 2n)^{85m}\mathrm{Sr}$, 360\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30; $^{86}\mathrm{Sr}(n, p)^{86m}\mathrm{Rb}$, 9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1; $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}(n, 2n)^{87m}\mathrm{Sr}$, 344\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30; $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}(n, p)^{88}\mathrm{Rb}$, 20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2; $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}(n, 2n)^{89m}\mathrm{Zr}$, 143\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15; $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}(n, 2n)^{89g}\mathrm{Zr}$, 342\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25; $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}(n, p)^{90m}\mathrm{Y}$, 13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1; $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}(n, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{87m}\mathrm{Sr}$, 4.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5; $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}(n, 2n)^{92m}\mathrm{Nb}$, 455\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25; and $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}(n, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{90m}\mathrm{Y}$, 5.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5. The measured cross sectons are compared with those calculated by evaporation theory. The ($n, 2n$) measured cross sections agree well with the calculated values but the agreement between calculated and measured values for ($n, p$) reactions is poor.
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TL;DR: The record of leading social work journals is examined and a theory is proposed to account for the apparent greater productivity of men in publications activities as mentioned in this paper, where a theory was proposed to explain why men were more productive than women.
Abstract: The record of leading social work journals is examined and a theory is proposed to account for the apparent greater productivity of men in publications activities
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TL;DR: In this paper, Lindner and Wallhausser (1955) isolated a previously undescribed antibiotic from an antibiotic-producing streptomyces strain, designated moenomycin, which was found to be effective against some experimental infections of mice by parental administration.
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TL;DR: Unexpected pathologic changes detected by electron microscopic examination of a myocardial biopsy taken from a young beer drinker with reversible heart failure consisted of glycogen aggregates in enlarged mitochondria and loss of contractile elements.
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TL;DR: The liquid scintillation method using Ca 45 appears to be a reliable method for evaluating freeze-thaw injury to spermatozoa.
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TL;DR: In this article, a scale-based Z-score transformation was performed on each item which has the effect of differentially weighting raw score ratings as a function of the average rating of each item.
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TL;DR: In this article, irradiation of enriched 82 Se with 14.7 MeV neutrons was found to produce two new activities with half-lifes: 13.7±0.8 sec and 42±2 sec which were assigned to 82 As and 79 Ge, respectively.
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TL;DR: Methoxyflurane has little effect on the foetus if low concentrations are administered to the mother, or if the duration of higher concentrations is kept short, presumably because of the short duration of exposure.
Abstract: SUMMARY Sixty-four patients received methoxyflurane analgesia and/or anaesthesia for labour and delivery Analgesia with methoxyflurane-air produced satisfactory analgesia for labour and delivery in the multigravidae of Group I Foetal and maternal blood levels did not increase with increased duration of inhaler use, apparently due to the absence of pain-induced hyperventilation Patients in Group II required the addition of light methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia This resulted in the highest foetal memoxyflurane levels of the three groups, and the highest rate of neonatal depression Group III patients arrived with delivery imminent, and were given light methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia Despite high maternal levels of methoxyflurane, foetal levels were no higher than in Group I, presumably because of the short duration of exposure Methoxyflurane has little effect on the foetus if low concentrations are administered to the mother, or if the duration of higher concentrations is kept short
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TL;DR: In this article, an electron diffraction study of gaseous dibenzenechromium involving, one of us, produced the fust experimental proof of the sixfold symmetry (Dsh) of benzene in this complex in the vapor state.
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TL;DR: Proteins were detected following virus infection which were absent from hemolymph of healthy larvae and these proteins were not serologically related to those present in the virus.
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TL;DR: Measures of need for achievement and variety seeking were obtained from students who chose an honors program of independent research during their junior and senior college years and from students with equivalent high grades who chose not to be in honors.
Abstract: Measures of needs for achievement and variety seeking were obtained from students who chose an honors program of independent research during their junior and senior college years and from students with equivalent high grades who chose not to be in honors. The measures of need for achievement from the California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) both correlated significantly with choice of an honors curriculum. Scores on the Zukerman Sensation-Seeking scale (SS-scale) and grade point average (GPA) did not correlate with choice of an honors curriculum.
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TL;DR: The follow-up data suggest that although insulin hypoglycemia evokes gastric secretion, even if a few vagal fibers remain, the ulcer diathesis is still controlled with less than complete vagotomy.
Abstract: Summary During the past seven years, 206 of the 527 patients operated upon for duodenal ulcer had a Hollander test performed. Due to the morbidity associated with the test it has been used only in younger patients without heart disease, especially those who return with symptoms. One hundred ninety-five of those tested were evaluated clinically within the past three months. Eighty-one (41.5 per cent) of the tests initially gave positive results using the criteria of gastric acidity rising 10 mEq L on two consecutive samples if previously achlorhydric, or 20 mEq/L above the fasting level. In forty patients the rise occurred in the first hour and an additional forty-one showed a rise by the end of two hours. By the criteria of weight gain, recurrent ulceration, diarrhea, or dumping syndrome, there is little difference between the patient with an early or late positive response to the Hollander test and the others. Our follow-up data suggest that although insulin hypoglycemia evokes gastric secretion, even if a few vagal fibers remain, the ulcer diathesis is still controlled with less than complete vagotomy. The Hollander test may be too sensitive. However, it is the best available to show completeness of vagal division, but cannot be used to predict clinical response of vagotomy and pyloroplasty.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the decay of 54V was studied with the use of a Ge(Li) spectrometer and β- and γ-scintillation detectors, and a half-life of 43 ± 3 sec was measured and a β-decay Q-value of 7.0 ± 0.1 MeV was determined.