Showing papers by "University of Arkansas published in 1978"
TL;DR: Both purposive and probabilistic techniques for varying discovery probabilities are examined within the framework of recovery theory, and a three‐stage survey programme is outlined, wherein stress is laid on acquiring the knowledge needed for making decisions about survey techniques.
Abstract: Archaeological survey design is viewed as a problem in choosing techniques for site and artefact discovery that are most cost‐effective given the particular archaeological and environmental characteristics of the study area. Uncontrollable factors of the study area discussed are abundance, clustering, obtrusiveness of archaeological materials, and visibility and accessibility. Both purposive and probabilistic techniques for varying discovery probabilities are examined within the framework of recovery theory. In addition, other considerations involved in survey design are reviewed, including field crews, site definition, recording procedures, surface collecting and testing. Finally, a three‐stage survey programme is outlined, wherein stress is laid on acquiring the knowledge needed for making decisions about survey techniques.
182 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of intermittent warming on providing a desirable texture in subsequently ripened fruits was related to enhanced pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities.
Abstract: Chilling injury symptoms do not appear in nonripe peaches (Prunus persica L.) while stored at low temperatures, but a dry-mealy texture (woolliness) appears in chill-injured fruits after ripening. Reduced pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities were associated with reduced juiciness, reduced levels of water soluble pectins, poor texture and enhanced levels of insoluble pectins in peaches which were ripened after storage at 1°C for more than 3 wk. Pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities and levels of pectic substances were unaltered in nonripened fruits held at 1°C. Fruits transferred to 20°C for 24 or 48 hr after 1 and 3 or 2 and 4 wk of storage at 1°C did not exhibit woolliness after 5.5 wk of storage. Warming for 12 hr was inadequate to prevent the development of woolliness. The effect of intermittent warming on providing a desirable texture in subsequently ripened fruits was related to enhanced pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities. Low temperatures appeared to induce this physiological disorder by reducing the capacity to provide adequate levels of pectin-esterase and polygalacturonase during subsequent ripening at nonchilling temperatures. Intermittent warming appeared to prevent injury by protecting the capacity to produce adequate levels of pectolytic enzymes during ripening.
137 citations
TL;DR: The data corroborate the hypothesis that the adoption of maize agriculture in the prehistoric American Midwest is associated with increased stress and suggest that Wilson bands are an indicator of the relative proportion of individuals who are high susceptibles in prehistoric populations.
Abstract: Although previous paleopathological studies have used distur- bances in enamel formation as indicators of childhood stress, the full potential of this technique has not been realized. This paper presents a test case which demonstrates that the frequency of disturbed enamel formation Le., Wilson bands) is associated with other stress indicators (i.e,, probability of dying and infectious lesions) in three prehistoric skeletal samples representing the Middle Woodland (1 0.3%), Mississippian Acculturated Late Woodland (21.4!%), and the Middle Mississippian (40.0X?. Additionally, the mean ages at death of individ- uals with at least one Wilson band are lower than those without bands. These results suggest that Wilson bands are an indicator of the relative proportion of individuals who are high susceptibles in prehistoric populations. The data also corroborate the hypothesis that t he adoption of maize agriculture in the prehistoric American Midwest is associated with increased stress. Previous research suggests that distur- bances in enamel prism formation such as enamel hypoplasia and pathological bands are associated with episodes of morbidity and nutritional disturbances in human popula- tions (Kreshover, '40, '60; Massler et al., '41; Watson et al., '64). Because of this relation- ship with disease and chronological specif- icity, disturbed enamel formation has been used in paleopathology to estimate environ- mental stress and disease experience (Falin, '61; Molnar and Ward, '75; Sognnaes, '55, '56). General application of this methodology to paleopathological problems has been hindered by t,he absence of consistent criteria for defin- ing enamel prism formation. Rose ('77) dem- onstrates that details of enamel prism mor- phology observed in ground thin sections of human enamel with the light microscope can consistently identify one type of disturbed enamel formation. These particular pathologi- cal bands were first reported by Wilson and Schroff ('701. In order to avoid the erroneous implications of the term pathological, they will be called Wilson bands in this paper. Ob- servation with the scanning electron micro-
130 citations
TL;DR: A high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique for separating the 11 most common substituted benzoic and cinnamic acids occurring naturally in plants, and both parent acids, has been developed and offers excellent resolution, reproducibility, and an analysis time of 25 min.
84 citations
TL;DR: Bean golden mosaic virus, a single-stranded DNA plant virus, induced striking changes in the nuclear structure which were distinct from those known to occur in cells infected with other plant viruses.
71 citations
54 citations
TL;DR: Application of immune adherence and rosetting techniques and immunofluorescence to study the cellular morphology of these spleens indicated that the cell type most responsible for the increased spleen size had Fc and complement receptors as well as surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a procedure for optimization of molecular geometries is presented, combining ab initio calculations with vibrational molecular data from spectroscopy or empirical force fields, and theoretical cartesian forces are transformed to vibrational normal coordinate forces from which geometry increments are calculated.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare men and women in similar jobs to find out if any important differences exist between them as salespeople, and find that men are more satisfied with their performance and women are less satisfied.
Abstract: U NTIL RECENTLY the industrial sales manager has typically directed a male salesforce. However, developments in the 1960's and 1970's, such as the Equal Opportunity Employment Act, the women's liberation movement, and the economic squeeze of inflation, all point to larger numbers of women becoming industrial salespeople. In anticipation of this, the sales manager must find out if any important differences exist between men and women as salespeople. With this knowledge he can develop better organizational responses to the new female members of his workforce. A useful first step in this direction is to compare saleswomen to salesmen in similar jobs. Important factors that can be compared between men and women include job satisfaction, job-related selfconfidence, perceptions of the management control system, and career goals: • Job satisfaction is important because it may be related to performance (although this relationship has been the subject of considerable controversy'): lower satisfaction has been found to be related in increased absenteeismand turnover.? Because of its ramifications, job satisfaction has been the subject of a large number of studies.\" Malefemale differences in job satisfaction have been found in a few occupations; however, research on industrial saleswomen has not been reported. 5
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the surface atoms are divided into three groups with one, two or three units of coordinative unsaturation (corresponding to the number of monodentate ligands which may become attached) and are symbolized by /sup 1/M, /sup 2/M and /sup 3/M.
48 citations
TL;DR: Patients with advanced breast cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were treated on a three‐arm prospective study: adriamycin day 1 plus 5‐FU on day 1 and 8 (AF, AFC and AFCM).
Abstract: Patients with advanced breast cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were treated on a three-arm prospective study: adriamycin day 1 plus 5-FU on day 1 and 8 (AF), adriamycin day 1, plus 5-FU day 1 and 8, and cyclophosphamide day 1 (AFC), and adriamycin day 1 plus 5-FU day 1 and 8, cyclophosphamide day 1 and methotrexate day 1 (AFCM) These courses were repeated every 21 days The response rate was 44/105 (42%) AF, 44/103 (43%) AFC and 52/105 (49%) AFCM The length of response was 22, 33 and 35 weeks, respectively, for AF, AFC and AFCM (P = 021) The median survival, 64 weeks, was equal in all three limbs The major toxicity was leukopenia Twenty-eight percent developed a WBC of less than 2,000/microliter, which resulted in seven deaths (22%)
TL;DR: In this paper, a function f ∈ X→Y is defined to be regular closed if for each regular-closedA⊂X, f(A) is closed inY.
Abstract: A functionf∶X→Y is defined to be regular-closed if for each regular-closedA⊂X, f(A) is closed inY. Numerous theorems are presented which give properties of such functions as well as sufficient conditions for a function to be regular-closed. Comparisons are also made between regular-closed functions and certain other types of non-continuous functions. A sample of the theorems proved in this paper would be as follows:
TL;DR: Reproductive tracts were examined from 74 male and 64 female bobcats collected in Arkansas between June 1970 and April 1972 and age structure of the sample suggested a low adult mortality rate.
Abstract: Reproductive tracts were examined from 74 male and 64 female bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) collected in Arkansas between June 1970 and April 1972. Ages of 174 specimens were established using dental criteria. Males were sexually mature by their second winter and appeared to remain fertile the year around; females reproduced first at 1 or 2 years of age. The main reproductive period began in December and continued at least through April. A high percentage of females were not fertilized during their first estrus of the season. Average litter size was 2.5. Sex ratio among 180 adult and immature specimens was 1.7 males per female. Age structure of the sample suggested a low adult mortality rate.
TL;DR: The crystal and molecular structure of ferricinium tetrachloroferrate was studied by X-ray diffraction as discussed by the authors, where the two rings in the two vertices are nearly parallel and the structural parameters are similar to those previously published by others for ferrocene.
TL;DR: Filtrates from cultures of the highly specific fungal plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (Penz.) Sacc f.
TL;DR: Analysis of the leukodystrophy brain from a case of Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease, classical type, revealed that the a‐hydroxylated compounds as well as very long chain fatty acids (over C18, especially C23 to C26) were greatly reduced.
Abstract: — Biochemical analysis of the leukodystrophy brain from a case of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, classical type, was performed. A decrease in the amount of solid material present was found. The lyophilized brain weight was reduced to 76% of normal with a slightly greater decrease in the amount of extractable lipid. Total myelin was diminished to 7% of normal. Among specific lipids plasmalogens were present in slightly lowered amounts. Cerebrosides and sulphatides were drastically reduced to 8% of normal, whereas sphingomyelin was less severely affected. Fatty acids from phospholipids were close to normal, only enols being slightly diminished. Analysis of pure cerebrosides and sulphatides revealed that the a-hydroxylated compounds as well as very long chain fatty acids (over C18, especially C23 to C26) were greatly reduced. For chain lengths over C18, the ratio of leukodystrophy fatty acid to normal fatty acid was close to 10%. The defect in very long chain fatty acids is estimated at 99.2% in total brain.
Thus, we have found a marked decrease in the amount of very long chain fatty acids and a less marked decrease in sphingolipids. The reduced amount of these acids appears to be partially offset by an increase in the amount of medium-chain fatty acids in sphingolipids. We conclude that one aspect of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease may be a defect in the synthesis of myelin very long chain fatty acids (as these acids are far much reduced than any other myelin molecule).
TL;DR: Apparently, despite extensive feeding activities and the presence of virus in the vicinity of damaged tissues, SBMV but not CP-TMV was deposited at the proper site for infection to occur.
TL;DR: The action of Aspergillus oryzae alpha amylase on reducing-end, and uniformly radiolabeled maltotriose through maltodecaose has been studied and the enzyme is found to hydrolyze more than a single glycosidic bond during enzyme-substrate encounters.
TL;DR: Three patients with complications secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunts for the management of hydrocephalus are described.
TL;DR: It is concluded that binocular summation is reduced or absent in stereoblind persons.
Abstract: Binocular forced-choice detection performance was measured in three stereoblind observers and four observers with normal stereopsis. Detection rates of normal observers were greater than expected from probability summation, while those of the stereoblind observers were near or at a level expected from probability. It is concluded that binocular summation is reduced or absent in stereoblind persons.
TL;DR: In this paper, the concentrations of 89Sr,90Sr and 90Sr were measured in a series of rain samples collected at Fayetteville (36°N, 94°W), Arkansas, after the 14th Chinese test of March 18, 1972, which occurred at Lop Nor (40°N and 90°E), China.
Abstract: The concentrations of89Sr,90Sr,210Pb and210Po were measured in a series of rain samples collected at Fayetteville (36°N, 94°W), Arkansas, after the 14th Chinese test of March 18, 1972, which occurred at Lop Nor (40°N, 90°E), China. Approximately concordant tropospheric residence times were obtained from the89Sr/90Sr and210Po/210Pb ratios in rain. The89Sr/90Sr ratios were also measured for the rain samples collected at Tokyo (36°N, 140°E), Japan, and at Ankara (40°N, 33°E), Turkey.
TL;DR: In this article, an evaluation of some recently published partial wave electron scattering factors for neutral atoms which are frequently used in structural studies by gas electron diffraction is presented, and significant corrections are given for 3 of the 75 elements which were treated.
TL;DR: The Nesbit procedure of excision of ellipses of tunica albuginea to correct distal hypospadias has been applied to more extensive penile curvature in children and a favorable experience with 8 patients so treated is described.
TL;DR: The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and immediately adjacent reticular formation were stimulated electrically just caudal to the trochlear nucleus in the cat and the possible involvement of these neurons in eye or body movements is discussed.
Abstract: The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and immediately adjacent reticular formation were stimulated electrically just caudal to the trochlear nucleus in the cat. In the pontomedullary reticular formation within 1.5 mm of the midline, antidromically excited neurons were detected in (1) the contralateral abducens nucleus, (2) the contralateral reticular formation just caudal and caudoventral to the abducens nucleus, and (3) the ipsilateral nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis beneath and rostral to the abducens nucleus. The possible involvement of these neurons in eye or body movements is discussed.
TL;DR: Attack density and reemergence hole density were linearly related to the total number of beetles reemerging, and both independent variables showed significant predictive value.
Abstract: Reemergence of southern pine beetle parent adults was estimated from 34 shortleaf pines during a 14-mo period. The infested portion of the tree was divided into 5 equal sections, and a log containing 1000 cm2 of bark surface was removed from the middle of each section. The logs were held in the laboratory until reemergence was complete, at which time the parent adults were counted and sexed. Measurements were also made of attack density, gallery length, and numbers of reemergence holes. Overall percent reemergence ranged from 0–100, and averaged 65. Attack density and reemergence hole density were linearly related to the total number of beetles reemerging, and both independent variables showed significant predictive value.
TL;DR: In this paper, the alpha-recoil track clock was used to identify the last firing of a pot sherd, from a fire pit, and from a fired daub.
Abstract: Among the manifestations of radioactive decay which can be etched to optical visibility on the surface of mica are tracks from nuclei recoiling from alpha emission, called ‘alpha-recoil tracks’. If, beforeetching, the mica is heated to temperatures of the order of 600°C, all evidence of these tracks is annealed from muscovite mica in a few minutes. Alpha activity observed on mica from pot sherds, from stones surrounding fire places, from fire pits, and fired daub may constitute an alpha-recoil track clock which started at the moment of the last firing of the artifacts.