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Showing papers by "University of Arkansas published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is confirmed that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Excavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista, and suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade are provided.
Abstract: This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [J. Euk. Microbiol. 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many ...

750 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
19 Apr 2019-Science
TL;DR: Rare-earth doping is identified as a general strategy for introducing local structural heterogeneity in order to enhance the piezoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectric crystals.
Abstract: High-performance piezoelectrics benefit transducers and sensors in a variety of electromechanical applications. The materials with the highest piezoelectric charge coefficients (d33) are relaxor-PbTiO3 crystals, which were discovered two decades ago. We successfully grew Sm-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (Sm-PMN-PT) single crystals with even higher d33 values ranging from 3400 to 4100 picocoulombs per newton, with variation below 20% over the as-grown crystal boule, exhibiting good property uniformity. We characterized the Sm-PMN-PT on the atomic scale with scanning transmission electron microscopy and made first-principles calculations to determine that the giant piezoelectric properties arise from the enhanced local structural heterogeneity introduced by Sm3+ dopants. Rare-earth doping is thus identified as a general strategy for introducing local structural heterogeneity in order to enhance the piezoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectric crystals.

442 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Liu et al. as discussed by the authors developed a prototype Li metal pouch cell by integrating a Li metal anode, a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co 0.2O2 cathode and a compatible electrolyte.
Abstract: Lithium metal anodes have attracted much attention as candidates for high-energy batteries, but there have been few reports of long cycling behaviour, and the degradation mechanism of realistic high-energy Li metal cells remains unclear. Here, we develop a prototypical 300 Wh kg−1 (1.0 Ah) pouch cell by integrating a Li metal anode, a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode and a compatible electrolyte. Under small uniform external pressure, the cell undergoes 200 cycles with 86% capacity retention and 83% energy retention. In the initial 50 cycles, flat Li foil converts into large Li particles that are entangled in the solid-electrolyte interphase, which leads to rapid volume expansion of the anode (cell thickening of 48%). As cycling continues, the external pressure helps the Li anode maintain good contact between the Li particles, which ensures a conducting percolation pathway for both ions and electrons, and thus the electrochemical reactions continue to occur. Accordingly, the solid Li particles evolve into a porous structure, which manifests in substantially reduced cell swelling by 19% in the subsequent 150 cycles. Much has been said about the high-energy, long-lasting potential of Li metal batteries, and yet little has been demonstrated at the cell scale. Here, Jun Liu and colleagues demonstrate a Li metal pouch cell with a 300 Wh kg−1 energy density and a 200-cycle lifetime.

415 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, different nanocomposite membrane fabrication and modification techniques for mixed matrix membranes and thin film membranes for both pressure driven and non-pressure driven membranes using different types of nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and polymers are discussed.

321 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthesis of multiple lines of evidence for the occurrence of the Westerlies-dominated climatic regime on multi-millennial (sub-orbital) to decadal timescales during the Holocene.

312 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| < .30), and changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior.
Abstract: Using a novel technique known as network meta-analysis, we synthesized evidence from 492 studies (87,418 participants) to investigate the effectiveness of procedures in changing implicit measures, which we define as response biases on implicit tasks. We also evaluated these procedures' effects on explicit and behavioral measures. We found that implicit measures can be changed, but effects are often relatively weak (|ds| < .30). Most studies focused on producing short-term changes with brief, single-session manipulations. Procedures that associate sets of concepts, invoke goals or motivations, or tax mental resources changed implicit measures the most, whereas procedures that induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions changed implicit measures the least. Bias tests suggested that implicit effects could be inflated relative to their true population values. Procedures changed explicit measures less consistently and to a smaller degree than implicit measures and generally produced trivial changes in behavior. Finally, changes in implicit measures did not mediate changes in explicit measures or behavior. Our findings suggest that changes in implicit measures are possible, but those changes do not necessarily translate into changes in explicit measures or behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

312 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
17 Apr 2019-Joule
TL;DR: In this article, the critical experimental parameters that determine the cycle number of coin cells were investigated to understand the performance variations reported in the literature, and a representative Li-metal pouch cell with specific energy of 300 Wh/kg was exemplified to provide an effective validation of electrode materials and accurate cell performance evaluations.

298 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An adaptive LS starting strategy is proposed by utilizing the proposed quasi-entropy index to address its key issue, i.e., when to start LS.
Abstract: A comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer (CLPSO) embedded with local search (LS) is proposed to pursue higher optimization performance by taking the advantages of CLPSO’s strong global search capability and LS’s fast convergence ability. This paper proposes an adaptive LS starting strategy by utilizing our proposed quasi-entropy index to address its key issue, i.e., when to start LS. The changes of the index as the optimization proceeds are analyzed in theory and via numerical tests. The proposed algorithm is tested on multimodal benchmark functions. Parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate its robustness. The comparison results reveal overall higher convergence rate and accuracy than those of CLPSO, state-of-the-art particle swarm optimization variants.

288 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes via Nrf2-related mechanisms to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance.
Abstract: Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.

253 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Towards Oxide-Based Electronics (TO-BE) Action as mentioned in this paper has been recently running in Europe and has involved as participants several hundred scientists from 29 EU countries in a wide four-year project.

251 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distinct stage-associated swine gut microbiome may be determined by the differences in diet and/or gut physiology at different growth stages, and the importance of optimizing stage-specific probiotics aimed at improving animal health and production is underscored.
Abstract: Despite recent advances in the understanding of the swine gut microbiome at different growth stages, a comprehensive longitudinal study of the lifetime (birth to market) dynamics of the swine gut microbiome is lacking. To fill in this gap of knowledge, we repeatedly collected a total of 273 rectal swabs from 18 pigs during lactation (day (d) 0, 11, 20), nursery (d 27, 33, 41, 50, 61), growing (d 76, 90, 104, 116), and finishing (d 130, 146, 159, 174) stages. DNA was extracted and subjected to sequencing with an Illumina Miseq sequencer targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequences were analyzed with the Deblur algorithm in the QIIME2 package. A total of 19 phyla were detected in the lifetime pig gut microbiome with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes being the most abundant. Alpha diversity including community richness (e.g., number of observed features) and diversity (e.g., Shannon index) showed an overall increasing trend. Distinct shifts in microbiome structure along different growth stages were observed. LEfSe analysis revealed 91 bacterial features that are stage-specific. To validate these discoveries, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by inoculating weanling pigs with mature fecal microbiota from a growing stage pig. Similar stage-specific patterns in microbiome diversity and structures were also observed in both the FMT pigs and their littermates. Although FMT remarkably increased growth performance, it did not change the overall swine gut microbiome. Only a few taxa including those associated with Streptococcus and Clostridiaceae were enriched in the FMT pigs. These data, together with several other lines of evidence, indicate potential roles these taxa play in promoting animal growth performance. Diet, especially crude fiber from corn, was a major factor shaping the swine gut microbiome. The priority effect, i.e., the order and timing of species arrival, was more evident in the solid feed stages. The distinct stage-associated swine gut microbiome may be determined by the differences in diet and/or gut physiology at different growth stages. Our study provides insight into mechanisms governing gut microbiome succession and also underscores the importance of optimizing stage-specific probiotics aimed at improving animal health and production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Despite the importance of social impact to social entrepreneurship research, standards for measuring an organization's social impact are underdeveloped on both theoretical and empirical grounds as mentioned in this paper, which is a serious issue.
Abstract: Despite the importance of social impact to social entrepreneurship research, standards for measuring an organization’s social impact are underdeveloped on both theoretical and empirical grounds We

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: More evidence, and particularly human clinical evidence, is needed to better understand the potential for anthocyanin-rich blueberries to benefit public health, but it is widely agreed that the regular consumption of tasty, ripe blueberries can be unconditionally recommended.

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Aug 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a spin fluctuation-driven spin scattering and a metastable canted antiferromagnetic phase in MnBi{}_{2}$Te${}_{4}$
Abstract: This paper shows a spin fluctuation-driven spin scattering and a metastable canted antiferromagnetic phase in MnBi${}_{2}$Te${}_{4}$. These are signatures of an intrinsic anomalous Quantum Hall effect and open up new avenues to realize a quantum anomalous Hall insulator at high temperatures

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that upon laser excitation all-inorganic mixed-halide nanocry crystals unexpectedly exhibit a blue shift in the photoluminescence peak that can revert back in the dark, thus depicting the processes of ion migration out of and back to the originally excited nanocrystals.
Abstract: Semiconductor mixed-halide perovskites featured with a tunable energy bandgap are ideal candidates for light absorbers in tandem solar cells as well as fluorescent materials in light-emitting diodes and nanoscale lasers. These device advancements are currently hindered by the light-induced phase segregation effect, whereby ion migration would yield smaller-bandgap domains with red-shifted photoluminescence. Here we show that upon laser excitation all-inorganic mixed-halide nanocrystals unexpectedly exhibit a blue shift in the photoluminescence peak that can revert back in the dark, thus depicting the processes of ion migration out of and back to the originally excited nanocrystals. Interestingly, this reversible photoluminescence shift can also be induced by electrical biasing of mixed-halide nanocrystals without the injection of charge carriers. The above findings suggest that it is the local electric field that breaks the ionic bonds in mixed-halide nanocrystals, which could be a universal origin for light-induced phase segregation observed in other mixed-halide perovskite materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This biosensor exhibited a good specificity and sensitivity for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in chicken samples with a lower detection limit of 50 CFU/mL.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A formative multidimensional construct to gauge organizational readiness for digital innovations is conceptualized, which would facilitate cumulative research on the role of digital innovation, while benchmarking to track organizational readiness.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 3D topological semimetals represent a new class of topological matters and have been at the frontiers of condensed matter physics, and many of them have been studied in the literature as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) topological semimetals represent a new class of topological matters. The study of this family of materials has been at the frontiers of condensed matter physics, and many bre...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an interdisciplinary conceptual approach to manage species coexistence over the long-term is presented, highlighting the importance of including anthropological and geographical knowledge to find sustainable solutions to managing human-elephant conflict.
Abstract: Human-elephant conflict is a major conservation concern in elephant range countries. A variety of management strategies have been developed and are practiced at different scales for preventing and mitigating human-elephant conflict. However, human-elephant conflict remains pervasive as the majority of existing prevention strategies are driven by site-specific factors that only offer short-term solutions, while mitigation strategies frequently transfer conflict risk from one place to another. Here, we review current human-elephant conflict management strategies and describe an interdisciplinary conceptual approach to manage species coexistence over the long-term. Our proposed model identifies shared resource use between humans and elephants at different spatial and temporal scales for development of long-term solutions. The model also highlights the importance of including anthropological and geographical knowledge to find sustainable solutions to managing human-elephant conflict.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the current energy production and consumption profiles are reviewed, and the main factors contributing to a widening gap between the energy supply and demand are identified, such as delayed and overpriced hydropower projects, outdated and insufficient energy infrastructure, transmission and distribution losses, energy theft, deficient energy management, lack of energy conservation, low efficiency of equipment, unsustainable energy pricing strategies and unsatisfying energy market regulations.
Abstract: Nepal has been suffering from a serious energy crisis for decades. It has severely affected its economic, social and political developments. Owing to the continuously evolving energy situation in Nepal, and the recent progress in renewable energy technologies, this study aims to provide an up to date perspective on the current energy crisis in Nepal. In particular, the current energy production and consumption profiles are reviewed, and the main factors contributing to a widening gap between the energy supply and demand are identified. These factors concern delayed and overpriced hydropower projects, outdated and insufficient energy infrastructure, transmission and distribution losses, energy theft, deficient energy management, lack of energy conservation, low efficiency of equipment, unsustainable energy pricing strategies and unsatisfying energy market regulations. Other essential factors worsening the energy crisis can be attributed to specific geographical and geopolitical problems, the strong dependence on energy imports, and inadequate exploitation of the vast amounts of renewable energy resources. The status of existing and planned large hydropower projects is summarized. The recent policies and investment initiatives of the Nepalese government to support green and sustainable energy are discussed. Furthermore, a long-term outlook on the energy situation in Nepal is outlined using the energy modeling software LEAP in order to show how to exploit the tremendous renewable energy resources in Nepal. Our findings suggest that renewable resources are crucial not only for mitigating the present energy crisis, but also to ultimately provide energy independence for Nepal by establishing reliable and secure sources of energy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A microfluidic biosensor based on immunomagnetic separation, fluorescence labeling and smartphone video processing that was able to quantitatively detect Salmonella typhimurium and could be extended for detection of multiple foodborne pathogens using different fluorescent materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A widespread methodological concern in the organizational literature is the possibility that observed results are due to the influence of common-method variance or mono-method bias as mentioned in this paper, and this concern is...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The global goat population continues to grow and the number of goats raised primarily for milk production is also growing, due to expanding demand, but a global view of the dairy goat sector reveals important lessons about building successful modern dairy goat industries.
Abstract: The global goat population continues to grow and is now over one billion. The number of goats raised primarily for milk production is also growing, due to expanding demand. Most of the world dairy goat production and consumption is in Asia, but a global view of the dairy goat sector reveals important lessons about building successful modern dairy goat industries. The most organized market for goat milk is found in Europe, especially in France. The European goat sector is specialized for milk production, mostly for industrial cheesemaking, while also supporting traditional on-farm manufacturing. Government involvement is significant in sanitary regulation, research, extension, support for local producer organizations, and markets, and ensures safety and quality. Nonetheless, producers are still vulnerable to market fluctuations. New dairy goat industries are developing in countries without a long goat milk tradition, such as China, the United States, and New Zealand, due to rising consumer demand, strong prices, and climate change. The mix of policies, management and markets varies widely, but regardless of the country, the dairy goat sector thrives when producers have access to markets, and the tools and skills to sustainably manage their livestock and natural resources. These are most readily achieved through strong and inclusive producer organizations, access to technical services, and policies that enable the poor and marginalized groups to benefit from increasing demand.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jasmeet Soar1, Ian Maconochie2, Myra H. Wyckoff3, Theresa M. Olasveengen4, Eunice M. Singletary5, Robert Greif6, Richard Aickin7, Farhan Bhanji8, Michael W. Donnino9, Mary E. Mancini10, Jonathan Wyllie11, David Zideman, Lars W. Andersen12, Dianne L. Atkins13, Khalid Aziz14, Jason C Bendall15, Katherine Berg9, David C. Berry16, Blair L. Bigham17, Robert Bingham18, Thomaz Bittencourt Couto19, Bernd W. Böttiger20, Vere Borra, Janet Bray21, Jan Breckwoldt22, Steven C. Brooks23, Jason E. Buick24, Clifton W. Callaway25, Jestin N. Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Maaret Castrén, Wei-Tien Chang26, Nathan P. Charlton5, Adam Cheng27, Sung Phil Chung28, Julie Considine29, Keith Couper30, Katie N. Dainty31, Jennifer A Dawson, Maria Fernanda Branco de Almeida32, Allan R. de Caen14, Charles D. Deakin33, Ian R. Drennan24, Jonathan Duff7, Jonathan L. Epstein34, Raffo Escalante35, Raúl J. Gazmuri36, Elaine Gilfoyle27, Asger Granfeldt12, Anne-Marie Guerguerian24, Ruth Guinsburg32, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Mathias J. Holmberg12, Natalie Hood37, Shigeharu Hosono38, Ming-Ju Hsieh26, Tetsuya Isayama, Taku Iwami39, Jan L Jensen40, Vishal S. Kapadia3, Han Suk Kim41, Monica E. Kleinman7, Peter J. Kudenchuk42, Eddy Lang27, Eric J. Lavonas43, Helen G. Liley, Swee Han Lim44, Andrew Lockey, Bo Løfgren12, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma26, David Markenson, Peter A. Meaney45, D. Meyran, Lindsay Mildenhall, Koenraad G. Monsieurs46, William H. Montgomery, Peter T. Morley47, Laurie J. Morrison24, Vinay M. Nadkarni48, Kevin Nation, Robert W. Neumar49, Kee Chong Ng7, Tonia Nicholson50, Nikolaos I. Nikolaou, Chika Nishiyama39, Gabrielle Nuthall7, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Deems Okamoto, Brian J. O'Neil51, Gene Yong-Kwang Ong7, Edison F. Paiva19, Michael Parr52, Jeffrey L. Pellegrino, Gavin D. Perkins53, Jeffrey M. Perlman54, Yacov Rabi27, Amelia G. Reis, Joshua C. Reynolds55, Giuseppe Ristagno56, Charles Christoph Roehr57, Tetsuya Sakamoto58, Claudio Sandroni59, Stephen M. Schexnayder60, Barnaby R. Scholefield61, Naoki Shimizu, Markus B. Skrifvars62, Michael Smyth30, David Stanton, Janel Swain, Edgardo Szyld63, Janice A. Tijssen64, Andrew H. Travers, Daniele Trevisanuto65, Christian Vaillancourt66, Patrick Van de Voorde67, Sithembiso Velaphi, Tzong Luen Wang, Gary M. Weiner49, Michelle Welsford17, Jeff A. Woodin, Joyce Yeung30, Jerry P. Nolan30, Mary Fran Hazinski68 
North Bristol NHS Trust1, Imperial College Healthcare2, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center3, University of Oslo4, University of Virginia5, University Hospital of Bern6, Boston Children's Hospital7, McGill University8, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center9, University of Texas at Arlington10, James Cook University Hospital11, Aarhus University12, University of Iowa13, University of Alberta14, University of Western Australia15, Saginaw Valley State University16, McMaster University17, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust18, University of São Paulo19, University of Cologne20, Monash University21, University of Zurich22, Queen's University23, University of Toronto24, University of Pittsburgh25, National Taiwan University26, University of Calgary27, Yonsei University28, Deakin University29, University of Warwick30, North York General Hospital31, Federal University of São Paulo32, University of Southampton33, American Red Cross34, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas35, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science36, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health37, Jichi Medical University38, Kyoto University39, Dalhousie University40, Seoul National University Hospital41, University of Washington42, Denver Health Medical Center43, Singapore General Hospital44, Stanford University45, University of Antwerp46, University of Melbourne47, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia48, University of Michigan49, Waikato Hospital50, Wayne State University51, Liverpool Hospital52, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust53, Cornell University54, Michigan State University55, University of Milan56, University of Oxford57, Teikyo University58, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart59, University of Arkansas60, University of Birmingham61, University of Helsinki62, University of Oklahoma63, University of Western Ontario64, University of Padua65, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute66, Ghent University67, Vanderbilt University68
TL;DR: This summary addresses the role of cardiac arrest centers and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the role for presyncope by first aid providers, advanced airway interventions in adults and children, targeted temperature management in children after cardiac arrest, and initial oxygen concentration during resuscitation of newborns.
Abstract: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the third annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. It addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the role of cardiac arrest centers and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the role of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and children, vasopressors in adults, advanced airway interventions in adults and children, targeted temperature management in children after cardiac arrest, initial oxygen concentration during resuscitation of newborns, and interventions for presyncope by first aid providers. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence to Decision Framework Highlights sections. The task forces also listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of magnetic-plasmonic bilayer vesicles assembled from iron oxide-gold Janus nanoparticles (Fe3O4-Au JNPs) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhanced chemotherapy leads to greatly improved therapeutic efficacy than monotherapies.
Abstract: In the present study, we report the development of magnetic-plasmonic bilayer vesicles assembled from iron oxide-gold Janus nanoparticles (Fe3O4-Au JNPs) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhanced chemotherapy. The amphiphilic Fe3O4-Au JNPs were grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the Au surface and ROS-generating poly(lipid hydroperoxide) (PLHP) on the Fe3O4 surface, respectively, which were then assembled into vesicles containing two closely attached Fe3O4-Au NPs layers in opposite directions. The self-assembly mechanism of the bilayered vesicles was elucidated by performing a series of numerical simulations. The enhanced optical properties of the bilayered vesicles were verified by the calculated results and experimental data. The vesicles exhibited enhanced T2 relaxivity and photoacoustic properties over single JNPs due to the interparticle magnetic dipole interaction and plasmonic coupling. In particular, the vesicles are pH responsive and disassemble into single JNPs in the acidic tumor environment, activating an intracellular biochemical reaction between the grafted PLHP and released ferrous ions (Fe2+) from Fe3O4 NPs, resulting in highly efficient local ROS generation and increased intracellular oxidative stress. In combination with the release of doxorubicin (DOX), the vesicles combine ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and DOX-induced chemotherapy, leading to greatly improved therapeutic efficacy than monotherapies. High tumor accumulation efficiency and fast vesicle clearance from the body were also confirmed by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of radioisotope 64Cu-labeled vesicles.

Journal ArticleDOI
17 Jul 2019
TL;DR: Experimental results show that the OCAN outperforms the state-of-the-art one-class classification models and achieves comparable performance with the latest multi-source LSTM model that requires both benign and malicious users in the training phase.
Abstract: Many online applications, such as online social networks or knowledge bases, are often attacked by malicious users who commit different types of actions such as vandalism on Wikipedia or fraudulent reviews on eBay. Currently, most of the fraud detection approaches require a training dataset that contains records of both benign and malicious users. However, in practice, there are often no or very few records of malicious users. In this paper, we develop one-class adversarial nets (OCAN) for fraud detection with only benign users as training data. OCAN first uses LSTM-Autoencoder to learn the representations of benign users from their sequences of online activities. It then detects malicious users by training a discriminator of a complementary GAN model that is different from the regular GAN model. Experimental results show that our OCAN outperforms the state-of-the-art oneclass classification models and achieves comparable performance with the latest multi-source LSTM model that requires both benign and malicious users in the training phase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The state of knowledge on MRPs in nutrition and health is outlined, and the need to develop the limited knowledge on their impact on the gut microbiota and which metabolites derive from MRPs fermentation is highlighted.
Abstract: The Maillard Reaction (MR) is a non-enzymatic chemical reaction which results in the linkage between the amino group of amino acids and the carbonyl group of reduced sugars. MR products (MRPs) are common components of processed foods, mainly as a result of heating, especially in the Western diet. MRPs are classified as into three stages: initial, intermediate, and final stages, indicative of increased complexity and size, incurring different flavor, aroma, and texture. MRPs presence is known to reduce the nutritional quality of foods, particularly by reducing protein digestibility. Early reports have linked MRPs, especially advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) present in high concentration in the typical Western diet, to health conditions and diseases. However conflicting data has since been reported, and only a few (acrylamide, heterocyclic amines and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural) MRPs have documented potential toxic or carcinogenic effects. High molecular weight MRPs are not available for direct absorption in the higher gastrointestinal tract, and are thus mostly metabolized by resident colonic microbes. MRPs have been the subject of sparse research interest in comparison with other non-digestible dietary elements. In this review, we outline the state of knowledge on MRPs in nutrition and health, and highlight the need to develop the limited knowledge on their impact on the gut microbiota and which metabolites derive from MRPs fermentation.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted surveys and visits of farms, ranches and feedlots throughout seven regions (Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Northern Plains, Southern Plains, Northwest and Southwest) to determine common practices and characteristics of cattle production.

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TL;DR: In this article, an optically pumped GeSn laser based on both ridge and planar waveguide structures was demonstrated for near room temperature operation at 270 K with edge-emitting devices.
Abstract: Lasing from direct bandgap group-IV GeSn alloys has opened a new venue for the development of Si-based monolithic laser. In this work, we demonstrate optically pumped GeSn lasers based on both ridge and planar waveguide structures. The near room temperature operation at 270 K was achieved with optically pumped edge-emitting devices. Moreover, due to the reduced side-wall surface recombination and improved thermal management, the 100 μm wide ridge waveguide laser features a lower lasing threshold compared to other devices. The advance reported in this work, enabled by the material growth via an industry standard chemical vapor deposition reactor and low-cost commercially available precursors, is a major step forward toward Si-based mid-infrared sources for photonics integration.

ComponentDOI
TL;DR: The FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Glob... as discussed by the authors describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXnet coordination network.
Abstract: This paper describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Glob...