University of Arkansas

About: University of Arkansas is a education organization based out in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 17225 authors who have published 33329 publications receiving 941102 citations. The organization is also known as: Arkansas & UA.

Adaptation to sensory input tunes visual cortex to criticality

Abstract: Sensory nervous systems adapt to their environment—a mechanism thought to ensure network dynamics remain critical. Visual cortex experiments show that adaptation maintains criticality even as sensory input drives the system away from this regime. A long-standing hypothesis at the interface of physics and neuroscience is that neural networks self-organize to the critical point of a phase transition, thereby optimizing aspects of sensory information processing1,2,3. This idea is partially supported by strong evidence for critical dynamics observed in the cerebral cortex4,5,6,7,8,9,10, but the impact of sensory input on these dynamics is largely unknown. Thus, the foundations of this hypothesis—the self-organization process and how it manifests during strong sensory input—remain unstudied experimentally. Here we show in visual cortex and in a computational model that strong sensory input initially elicits cortical network dynamics that are not critical, but adaptive changes in the network rapidly tune the system to criticality. This conclusion is based on observations of multifaceted scaling laws predicted to occur at criticality4,11. Our findings establish sensory adaptation as a self-organizing mechanism that maintains criticality in visual cortex during sensory information processing.

The last mile: an examination of effects of online retail delivery strategies on consumers

Abstract: The Internet has increased the level of importance of the end-consumer market to transportation carriers In two between subject experiments, carrier disclosure on retail merchant websites is examined as a strategic differentiation strategy Predictions are offered concerning effects of carrier disclosure strategies on product delivery-related expectations, consumer attitudes, and intentions to purchase a product online Results from Study 1 reveal significant differences between disclosure and nondisclosure of the carrier for numerous product delivery-related variables, as well as many differences between the six carriers examined in this first study Study 2 extends these findings by showing that providing consumers with a choice of carrier leads to increased levels of satisfaction with the online experience and greater willingness to buy, relative to nondisclosure and disclosure strategies

Platelets Linking Hemostasis and Cancer

Abstract: Platelets are the main cellular component in blood responsible for maintaining the integrity of the cardiovascular system via hemostasis. Platelet dysfunction contributes to a wide range of obvious pathological conditions, such as bleeding or thrombosis, but normal platelet function is also linked to diseases not immediately associated with hemostasis or thrombosis, such as cancer. Since the description of Trousseau syndrome in 1865, various experimental and clinical studies have detailed the interaction of platelets with primary tumors and circulating metastatic tumor cells. Observations have suggested that platelets not only augment the growth of primary tumors via angiogenesis but endow tumor cells physical and mechanical support to evade the immune system and extravasate to secondary organs, the basis of metastatic disease. Many laboratory and animal studies have identified specific targets for antiplatelet therapy that may be advantageous as adjuncts to existing cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize important platelet properties that influence tumorigenesis, including primary tumor growth and metastasis at the molecular level. The studies provide a link between the well-studied paradigms of platelet hemostasis and tumorigenesis.

Intraocular lens power calculation after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and hyperopia: a standardized approach.

Abstract: Purpose.(1) To determine the effect of myopic and hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power. (2) To determine a standard way to approach the IOL power determination after LASIK, and (3) To compare different suggested methods.Methods.Biometric analy