University of Arkansas

About: University of Arkansas is a education organization based out in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 17225 authors who have published 33329 publications receiving 941102 citations. The organization is also known as: Arkansas & UA.

Reasoning about dead agents reveals possible adaptive trends

Abstract: We investigated whether (a) people positively reevaluate the characters of recently dead others and (b) supernatural primes concerning an ambient dead agent serve to curb selfish intentions. In Study 1, participants made trait attributions to three strangers depicted in photographs; one week later, they returned to do the same but were informed that one of the strangers had died over the weekend. Participants rated the decedent target more favorably after learning of his death whereas ratings for the control targets remained unchanged between sessions. This effect was especially pronounced for traits dealing with the decedent’s prosocial tendencies (e.g., ethical, kind). In Study 2, a content analysis of obituaries revealed a similar emphasis on decedents’ prosocial attributes over other personality dimensions (e.g., achievement-relatedness, social skills). Finally, in Study 3, participants who were told of an alleged ghost in the laboratory were less likely to cheat on a competitive task than those who did not receive this supernatural prime. The findings are interpreted as evidence suggestive of adaptive design.

Salivary Glucose Oxidase: Multifunctional Roles for Helicoverpa zea?

Abstract: Labial glands of Helicoverpa zea produced a glucose oxidase (GOX), which was present in the saliva and midgut lumen. We purified GOX 23-fold by isoelectric focusing of labial gland homogenates and investigated physical and kinetic properties of the enzyme. D-glucose and 6-deoxy-D-glucose were the optimal substrates of 22 carbohydrates tested with GOX. The enzyme was not inhibited by several inhibitors of fungal GOX but was sensitive to HgCl(2). Labial gland GOX activities varied daily during larval development with highest activities found when larvae were actively feeding. Based on pH optimum, pI, molecular weight estimate and K(m(glucose)), the insect enzyme is not derived from fungal GOXs but appears to have similar kinetic and physical attributes to other insect GOXs. Some possible functions are discussed, including antimicrobial properties, manipulating midgut O(2) levels, altering host plant defense responses, and metabolizing carbohydrates. Arch. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Linkage map construction and mapping QTL for cotton fibre quality using SRAP, SSR and RAPD

Abstract: Tetraploid cotton is one of the most extensively cultivated species. Two tetraploid species, Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L., dominate the world's cotton production. To better understand the genetic basis of cotton fibre traits for the improvement of fibre quality, a genetic linkage map of tetraploid cotton was constructed using sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). A total of 238 SRAP primer combinations, 368 SSR primer pairs and 600 RAPD primers were used to screen polymorphisms between G. hirsutum cv. Handan208 and G. barbadense cv. Pima90 which revealed 749 polymorphic loci in total (205 SSRs, 107 RAPDs and 437 SRAPs). Sixty-nine F2 progeny from the interspecific cross of 'Handan208' x 'Pima90' were genotyped with the 749 polymorphic markers. A total of 566 loci were assembled into 41 linkage groups with at least three loci in each group. Twenty-eight linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosomes by SSR markers with known chromosome locations. The map covered 5141.8 cM with a mean interlocus space of 9.08 cM. A chi2 test for significance of deviations from the expected ratio (1 : 2 : 1 or 3 : 1) identified 135 loci (18.0%) with skewed segregation, most of which had an excess of maternal parental alleles. In total, 13 QTL associated with fibre traits were detected, among which two QTL were for fibre strength, four for fibre length and seven for micronaire value. These QTL were on nine linkage groups explaining 16.18-28.92% of the trait variation. Six QTL were located in the A subgenome, six QTL in the D subgenome and one QTL in an unassigned linkage group. There were three QTL for micronaire value clustered on LG1, which would be very useful for improving this trait by molecular marker-assisted selection.

Intimacy dysfunction and trauma symptomatology: Long‐term correlates of different types of child abuse

Abstract: The relationships among interpersonal functioning, symptomatology, and childhood abuse were examined in 315 university women. Women reporting childhood abuse had lower quality of past interpersonal relationships, greater fear of intimacy, and greater trauma symptomatology than nonabused women had. Regression analyses indicated that experiencing both sexual and physical abuse, more extensive psychological abuse, and current sexual concerns, defensive avoidance, dissociation, and intrusive experiences were significant predictors of fear of intimacy. Dysfunctional sexual behaviors, impaired self-reference, and depression were significant predictors of the quality of current interpersonal relationships, whereas sexual abuse or multiple abuse experiences in childhood and anger/irritability were predictors of the quality of prior interpersonal relationships. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.