Showing papers by "University of Auckland published in 1975"
TL;DR: Results indicate that the host-versus-graft reaction alone can enihance murine cvtomtiegalovirus in a chronicallY injected host atid maY help explain the high incidence of cvvtomegalov virus infection seen after renal and other allograft transplantation.
Abstract: C3H/He mice chronically infected with murine cYtomegalo virus were given skin allografis fromti histoincompatible BALB/c donors. A significant inicrease in cvtomegalovirus titers occurred within 3 days after placement oJ'the graft in the spleens and kidneYs oJ' the allograft recipients as compared with control aninmals. No significant changes in virus titers were detected in the salivary gland, lung, liver, or blood ofallograJi recipients. These results indicate that the host-versus-graft reaction alone can enihance murine cvtomtiegalovirus in a chronicallY injected host atid maY help explaini the high incidence ofcvvtomegalovirus infection seen after renal and other allograft transplantation
1,083 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the notion of normality in topological spaces is extended to fuzzy topologies, and a fuzzy topological space is constructed in terms of a Urysohn type lemma.
297 citations
TL;DR: Prostaglandin E-1 was infused into two children with cyanotic congenital heart-disease where patency of the ductus arteriosus was necessary to maintain arterial oxygen saturation, and administration of the non-specific antagonist of prostaglandsin synthesis, indomethacin, was associated with a fall in arterial saturation.
219 citations
TL;DR: Transient hypotension, not requiring treatment, was the only side effect noted but not in the patients with supraventricular tachycardias, in whom blood pressure generally increased after reversion to sinus rhythm by verapamil.
208 citations
TL;DR: A class of implicit Runge-Kutta methods is shown to possess a stability property which is a natural extension of the notion of A-stability for non-linear systems.
Abstract: A class of implicit Runge-Kutta methods is shown to possess a stability property which is a natural extension of the notion ofA-stability for non-linear systems.
157 citations
TL;DR: Five pigeons were trained on a variety of concurrent interval schedules that arranged reinforcements at either fixed or variable times after the last reinforcement, but response rates did not equal ratios of reinforcement rates when both schedules were variable nor when one was variable and the other fixed.
Abstract: Five pigeons were trained on a variety of concurrent interval schedules that arranged reinforcements at either fixed or variable times after the last reinforcement. Two measures were obtained: the number of responses on each schedule, and the time spent responding on each schedule. Ratios of response rates on the two schedules did not equal ratios of reinforcement rates when both schedules were variable nor when one was variable and the other fixed. Ratios of times spent responding approximately equalled ratios of reinforcement rates when both schedules were variable, but did not do so when one was fixed.
134 citations
TL;DR: The apparent protective effect of verapamil in myocardial ischaemia is discussed in relation to its ability to inhibit selectively the transmembrane fluxes of calcium ions in excitable tissues.
Abstract: Open-chest anaesthetized dogs were given verapamil after left anterior descending artery occlusion, and ST-segment alterations and haemodynamic variables were monitored. Verapamil produced a highly significant reduction in ST-segment elevation in the epicardial electrocardiogram and prevented the haemodynamic deterioration seen in the control animals in which ST-segment elevation persisted. The apparent protective effect of verapamil in myocardial ischaemia is discussed in relation to its ability to inhibit selectively the transmembrane fluxes of calcium ions in excitable tissues.
128 citations
TL;DR: An increase in on-task behavior was correlated with self-reinforcement of writing responses and a higher subjective ratings of quality from two independent judges.
Abstract: The effect of self-management procedures on objective writing responses and on the subjectively assessed quality of children's writing was investigated. All experimental procedures were applied to each of the 37 children in a regular Grade 3 class, and 14 of these children were randomly selected for data collection. Following baseline conditions, self-assessment plus self-recording of writing responses was introduced. This did not increase the number of sentences, number of different action words, or number of different describing words, or improve the quality of the stories. Self-determined and self-administered reinforcement was added to the self-assessment and self-recording procedures contingent on each of the writing responses in turn. Rates of responding were substantially increased and the stories received higher subjective ratings of quality from two independent judges. An increase in on-task behavior was correlated with self-reinforcement of writing responses.
122 citations
TL;DR: Condensed tannin (leucoanthocyanins and catechins) can be demonstrated in fresh plant sections with saturated alcoholic vanillin followed by addition of concentrated HCl.
Abstract: Condensed tannin (leucoanthocyanins and catechins) can be demonstrated in fresh plant sections with saturated alcoholic vanillin followed by addition of concentrated HCl. Bright red vanillin-tannin condensates are formed immediately. Preparations may then be made permanent by mounting in a 1:1 mixture of Hoyer's medium and concentrated HCl. Some fading and loss of tannin occurs. The phloroglucinol-HCl test for lignin can also be made permanent with this acidic mountant.
106 citations
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Taylor et al. used data for the ironfoundry industry of the West Midlands conurbation of the UK to define the spatial context within which a firm operates and the area within which location decisions are made.
Abstract: Taylor M. J. (1975) Organizational growth, spatial interaction and location decision-making. Reg. Studies. 9, 313–323. Industrial linkages, long distinguished as important locational determinants, are suggested as defining the spatial context within which a firm operates and the area within which location decisions are made. Using data for the ironfoundry industry of the West Midlands conurbation, this spatial context is divided into three elements; an action space defined by material linkages, an information space defined by information flows, and a decision space reflecting the filtered information from all sources upon which a firm acts. The spatial context of the firm is envisaged as expanding with organizational growth which is itself punctuated with thresholds which involve organizational metamorphosis. In this way investment decision-making in a firm is placed in a dynamic spatial framework that emphasizes the behavioural aspects of the process.
TL;DR: In this article, the Ramsey number of a complete graph Kn, with n ≧ r(G1,…,Gc), is defined, i.e., if the edges of Kn are painted arbitrarily with c colours, the ith coloured subgraph contains Gi as a subgraph for at least one i.i.
Abstract: If G1,…,Gc are graphs without loops or multiple edges there is a smallest integer r(G1,…,Gc) such that if the edges of a complete graph Kn, with n ≧ r(G1,…,Gc), are painted arbitrarily with c colours the ith coloured subgraph contains Gi as a subgraph for at least one i. r(G1,…Gc) is called the Ramsey number of the graphs G1,…,Gc.
Abstract: The stability of a horizontal fluid layer when the thermal (or concentration) gradient is not uniform is examined by means of linear stability analysis. Both buoyancy and surface-tension effects are considered, and the analogous problem for a porous medium is also treated. Attention is focused on the situation where the critical Rayleigh number (or Marangoni number) is less than that for a linear thermal gradient, and the convection is not (in general) maintained. The case of constant-flux boundary conditions is examined because then a simple application of the Galerkin method gives useful results and general basic temperature profiles are readily treated. Numerical results are obtained for special cases, and some general conclusions about the destabilizing effects, with respect to disturbances of infinitely long wavelength, of various basic temperature profiles are presented. If the basic temperature gradient (considered positive, for a fluid which expands on heating, if the temperature decreases upwards) is nowhere negative, then the profile which leads to the smallest critical Rayleigh (or Marangoni) number is one in which the temperature changes stepwise (at the level at which the velocity, if motion were to occur, would be vertical) but is otherwise uniform. If, as well as being non-negative, the temperature gradient is a monotonic function of the depth, then the most unstable temperature profile is one for which the temperature gradient is a step function of the depth.
TL;DR: Rosette techniques are described for demonstrating receptors on human neutrophils for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin and the third component of complement C3.
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in the plasma levels and urinary excretion of sine have been studied in a series of adult patients receiving intravenous alimentation, and the response to intravenous sine therapy is very striking.
Abstract: Changes in the plasma levels and urinary excretion of sine have been studied in a series of adult patients receiving intravenous alimentation. Urinary sine loss may be very high in this group, but serious plasma depletion does not occur unless there is a concomitant phase of sustained anabolism in the absence of significant exogenous intake. A syndrome of acute sine deficiency is described consisting of diarrha?a, mental apathy and depression, a moist ecsematoid dermatitis, most severe in the perioral area, and alopecia. The response to intravenous sine therapy is very striking, although alopecia is slower to develop and complete hair regrowth is correspondingly delayed.
TL;DR: It is proposed that these differences in charge distribution on the collagen of the two situations is related to the previously described piezo-electric effect demonstrable on stretched collagen.
Abstract: Although collagen of either tendon or dermis can be stained equally well with Ponceau 2R/Acid Fuchsin or Light Green SF if the dyes are used independently, tendon collagen retains the red dye mixture and dermal collagen the green counterstain when the dyes are used sequentially in the Masson trichrome procedure. The results of experiments designed to assess differences in the penetration, retention and displacement of these arylmethane dyes have demonstrated that they are retained more firmly by the tensioned collagen of tendon or stretched dermis, and are more easily displaced from the collagen of relaxed tendon or dermis.
TL;DR: Rational design of clearing methods for the chemically distinct cell types and tissue seems a likely future development.
Abstract: Clearing techniques are outlined with reference to their action on the chemical cunstituents of plant tissue. The most general technique would include pretreatment with solvents, dissolution of protoplasm, dissolution of other substances, bleaching, infiltration with a dense fluid, and staining. Extensive chemical changes go on during these steps and may prevent satisfactory clearing, an important example King the discoloration of phenolic compounds. Rational design of clearing methods for the chemically distinct cell types and tissues seems a likely future development.
TL;DR: During a survey for pathogens of black beetle, high mortality was observed in a population in kikuyu pasture at Wharepapa, near Helensville, and several pathogens were isolated, including a protozoan, a rickettsia, a fungus, and a neoaplectanid nematode and a small RNA virus.
Abstract: During a survey for pathogens of black beetle, high mortality was observed in a population in kikuyu pasture at Wharepapa, near Helensville. Several pathogens were isolated from larvae and adults, including a protozoan (possibly Adelina sp.), a rickettsia, a fungus (Beauvaria sp.), a neoaplectanid nematode, and a small RNA virus. The virus was transmitted to larvae of Pseudaletia separata, Galleria mellonella, Aphodius tasmaniae, and Pericoptus truncatus, and a fatal paralysis ensued after 14–37 days. The potential of the neoaplectanid nematode and the virus in control is discussed.
TL;DR: Thirteen of 15 children who developed meningoencephalitis due to Coxsackie virus group B5 in the neonatal period had physical development, scores for intelligence and visual perception at the age of 6 years similar to those of 15 control children matched for sex, birth weight, gestational age, and socioeconomic status.
TL;DR: Its vigorous growth and efficient dispersal by asexual reproduction, and possibly by vegetative fragments, have resulted in a rapid spread to adjacent localities, and suggest that the plant could be a nuisance to the shellfish industry as it has been in North America.
Abstract: Codium fragile (Sur.) Hariot subsp. tomentosoides (Van Goor) Silva is reported from Auckland Harbour. Although macroscopically similar to native forms of C. fragile, the subspecies can be positively identified by utricle anatomy. Its vigorous growth and efficient dispersal by asexual reproduction, and possibly by vegetative fragments, have resulted in a rapid spread to adjacent localities. These features suggest that the plant could be a nuisance to the shellfish industry as it has been in North America. The manner in which this weed was introduced is not clear, but transportation as a fouling organism, on ships is most probable.
TL;DR: Cassian was not a systematic writer; or, perhaps to be more just, he was not afraid to allow his ideas to develop, and even change as mentioned in this paper. He suffers, therefore, more than some at the hands of historians of spirituality.
Abstract: Cassian was not a systematic writer; or, perhaps to be more just, he was not afraid to allow his ideas to develop, and even change. He suffers, therefore, more than some at the hands of historians of spirituality. It is temptingly easy to present him as the instigator of a twotier system: of an asceticism that distinguished contemplation from the ‘practical’ eradication of vice, or the regime of the hermit from that of the coenobite; and that distinguished them as activities of greater and lesser merit, raising the contemplation of the hermit above the more preoccupied discipline of community life. Those who think of Cassian in these terms have also to face the fact that most western ascetics, in the centuries that followed, came together in groups to conquer sin; and yet they thought Cassian (as did Benedict) in some sense their master. Indeed, there are signs that Cassian himself witnessed the growing popularity of the coenobitic life. Given this apparent contrast, therefore, between his supposed interpretation of the spiritual life and the relentless development of communal asceticism, many feel impelled to regard him as a remote perfectionist, or at best—where signs of resignation to community life appear—as a weary and reluctant realist.
TL;DR: Electrophysiological studies showed that ICI66082 is devoid of membrane-depressant properties in concentrations up to 100 mg/l and was 17--21 times more active in blocking the myocardial beta-adrenoceptors than those in the peripheral vessels.
TL;DR: Both a porous silica gel and thin cortical slices of the kidneys of rats showed highly anomalous temperature dependence of selectivity for K+ relative to Na+.
Abstract: SUMMARY
1. Both a porous silica gel and thin cortical slices of the kidneys of rats showed highly anomalous temperature dependence of selectivity for K+ relative to Na+.
2. Maxima occurred at about 15°C, 30°C, 45°C and 60°C in the gel, and at about 15°C and 28°C in kidney slices.
3. It is suggested that since the anomalies resemble Drost-Hansen anomalies, they are consistent with the proposal that both in the model silica gel system and in rat kidney slices ion distribution might be determined to some extent by a difference in solvent properties between interfacial and bulk phase water.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the subtle dye substrate interaction of the Masson trichrome staining procedure can be utilized to demonstrate changes in molecular configuration which are associated with thermal, as well as other forms of denaturation of collagen and other proteins.
Abstract: Although normally, dermal collagen fails to retain the Ponceau 2R/Acid Fuchsin component of the Masson trichrome procedure and is stained green by the counterstain, the collagen of sections of human dermis which have been heated above its denaturation temperature (Ts) in moist conditions will retain the initial red stain. This difference in dye retention appears to be related to conformational changes of the collagen molecule which are associated with denaturation, for the change in staining is directly related to the shrinkage temperature, is reversed by rapid cooling after heating, is profoundly affected by differences in environmental conditions during heating which affect molecular rearrangement, and is age-dependent.
TL;DR: The relative simplicity and convenience of the t-butanol method, together with its saving of time, its use of standard freeze-drying equipment and the avoidance of ice-crystal artefact justify its consideration as an alternative method of preparing wet biological tissue for scanning electron microscopy.
Abstract: The scanning electron microscope appearances and shrinkage of blocks of canine endocardium prepared by freeze-drying directly, by freeze-drying after replacing tissue water with tertiary butanol (2-methyl propan-2-01) and by critical point drying were compared. All three methods demonstrated endothelial cells which showed nuclear prominences, microvilli and interoellular boundaries. The microvilli varied in six and number from dog to dog hut were generally less well defined in specimens freeze-dried from water. Shrinkage due to t-butanol dehydration was significantly less than that which occurred in ethanol in the critical point drying method. Overall the reduction in surface area was significantly less in specimens freeze-dried directly at -65 C (6.8%) than in those dried from t-butanol at -20 C (15.4%) and those prepared by critical point drying (22.1%). However the amount of shrinkage observed in t-butanol treated tissue was not significantly different from that which was critical point dried. It was n...
TL;DR: The cardiorespiratory effects of cold exposure are not superseded by the response to moderate exercise and the difference between heart rate and stroke volume at increased levels of cardiac output during exercise at normal temperatures and during rest and exercise in cold conditions is explained by changes of arterial baroreceptor input and of blood catecholamine levels.
Abstract: 1. Respiratory and circulatory functions of minimally clad human subjects were studied before and during acute exposure to ambient temperatures of 4.5-6.5 degrees C. 2. After 1 h of cold exposure, subjects showed increases of ventilation, O2 UPTAKE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT. Rectal temperatures fell. 3. During exercise in the cold conditions, oxygen uptake and cardiac output were greater than during the same exercise at normal temperature. 4. The increased cardiac output during cold exposure was achieved by an increase of stroke volume rather than heart rate; this finding is in contrast to changes during bicycle exercise and isometric exercise at normal ambient temperatures. 5. We conclude that the cardiorespiratory effects of cold exposure are not superseded by the response to moderate exercise. The difference between heart rate and stroke volume at increased levels of cardiac output during exercise at normal temperatures and during rest and exercise in cold conditions may be explained by changes of arterial baroreceptor input and of blood catecholamine levels.
TL;DR: Behavioural changes, mostly of a positive kind, slight weight loss, tachycardia, raised diastolic blood pressure and cognitivie changes occurred, suggest that the effect of the drug in children is analogous to that of the stimulants, at least over a three week period.
Abstract: Summary Imipramine was given in a single nocturnal dose of 50 mg to 24 mostly psychiatrically normal, enuretic boys for three weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to determine what effects the drug was having on systems other than the urinary tract. Behavioural changes, mostly of a positive kind, slight weight loss, tachycardia, raised diastolic blood pressure and cognitivie changes occurred, suggesting that the effect of the drug in children is analogous to that of the stimulants, at least over a three week period. This would also suggest that the effect of anti-depressants in normal subjects is no different from that in depressed patients, though the findings of this study require replication.
TL;DR: In this article, an investigation of the response of a suspended cable to various types of static loadings is made, and solutions for the properties of the free-hanging cable, response of the cable to a point load, and the response to a distributed load are given.
Abstract: An investigation is made of the response of a suspended cable to various types of static loadings. The study is primarily theoretical although the results of some simple experiments are reported. Following a brief review of the history of the problem, solutions are given for the properties of the free-hanging cable, the response of the cable to a point load, and the response to a distributed load. General solutions are given that are accurate to the second order of small quantities and the simplifications that can be made to the general theory are considered. The theories to be presented apply to a suspended cable in which the ratio of sag to span is about 1:8 or less; this restriction covers most situations of practical importance. It is believed that many of the results are new.
TL;DR: In this paper, a potentiostatic sweep technique has been used to study the anodic dissolution of nickel in acidic perchlorate, acetate and fluoride solutions, and the rate of active dissolution, which is independent of [H + ] and [F − ], obeys the following rate law; i = 2 Fka w exp [β FE/RT ], with β = 0·53.