Showing papers by "University of Auckland published in 1983"
TL;DR: The presence of the lupus anticoagulant was diagnosed in six pregnant women because they had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin and kaolin clotting times which could not be corrected by dilution of test samples with normal plasma.
406 citations
TL;DR: The subcutaneous zone is the upper weathered layer of rock beneath the soil, but above the permanently saturated (phreatic) zone as discussed by the authors, which is of particular hydrological importance in karst because of its high secondary permeability, arising from the considerable chemical solution in this zone.
363 citations
TL;DR: Data support a role for IGF‐I in influencing fetal growth and suggest the independent regulation of the secretion of IGF-I and II in the perinatal period, and there was no evidence to suggest a distinctPerinatal form of somatomedin.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Somatomedin concentrations in human umbilical sera (n= 206) were measured using a specific radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and a specific radioreceptor assay for IGF-II following acid-ethanol extraction of the sera to remove the somatomedin binding proteins. IGF-I concentrations were lower (P< 0·001) than adult values and correlated with gestational age (P< 0·001) and birth weight (P< 0·0001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that both birth weight expressed independently of gestational age as the standard deviate score (P< 0·0001) and gestational age (P< 0·002) had effects on umbilical cord IGF-I concentrations. IGF-II concentrations were similar to adult values and did not correlate with gestational age, birth size or IGF-I values. IGF-II concentrations were higher (P< 0·005) in male than female fetuses. These data support a role for IGF-I in influencing fetal growth and suggest the independent regulation of the secretion of IGF-I and II in the perinatal period. These was no evidence to suggest a distinct perinatal form of somatomedin.
242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the use of the Brinkman equation to obtain this correction is not justified, because of the limitations of that equation, and an alternative procedure based on a model in which the porous medium is sandwiched between two fluid layers, and the Beavers-Joseph boundary condition is applied at the interfaces, is described, and expression for the correction is obtained.
Abstract: The no-slip condition on rigid boundaries necessitates a correction to the critical value of the Rayleigh–Darcy number for the onset of convection in a horizontal layer of a saturated porous medium uniformly heated from below. It is shown that the use of the Brinkman equation to obtain this correction is not justified, because of the limitations of that equation. These limitations are discussed in detail. An alternative procedure, based on a model in which the porous medium is sandwiched between two fluid layers, and the Beavers–Joseph boundary condition is applied at the interfaces, is described, and an expression for the correction is obtained. It is found that the correction can be of either sign, depending on the relative magnitudes of the parameters involved.
175 citations
TL;DR: Comparison was made between the intimal thickening of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery and the internal mammary artery in 352 necropsy examinations, suggesting that a local or anatomic factor is the dominant influence in coronary artery disease.
161 citations
TL;DR: Cadmium has been determined in 26 brands of cigarettes purchased in eight different countries throughout the world and in 16 different samples of cigarettes produced in Sweden between 1918 and 1968, with a general tendency toward lower values in cigarettes from developing countries.
160 citations
TL;DR: The gut contents of 50 species of fish that inhabit coastal rocky reefs of north‐eastern New Zealand were examined and an index of use (U), based on the intensity of predation and the number of fish taking the food, was calculated for each food type.
Abstract: The gut contents of 50 species of fish that inhabit coastal rocky reefs of north‐eastern New Zealand were examined. Most of the fish were collected in the vicinity of Goat Island, north of Auckland, by spearfishing, handlines, and rotenone. Food items in the gut were analysed by both percentage occurrence and percentage volume for each species. Their feeding habits are briefly described. An index of use (U), based on the intensity of predation and the number of fish taking the food, was calculated for each food type. The most important foods of rocky reef fishes (U≥0.1) were amphipods, crabs, fishes, gastropods, copepods, errant polychaetes, hermit crabs, and small bivalves. Most rocky reef fishes have broadly generalised feeding habits, and foods taken mainly reflect those organisms of suitable size that are abundant and most readily available. Notable exceptions are sponges, hydrozoans, anthozoans, bryozoans, and ascidians, which, although common, are probably largely unpalatable to fishes. Fis...
144 citations
TL;DR: An immaturity of the somatogenic receptor in the ovine fetal liver and its appearance in the perinatal period is likely to be the basis for the lack of a major effect of fetal GH on fetal somatic growth.
Abstract: The binding of human [125I]GH, ovine [125I]GH, bovine [125I]GH, and ovine [125I]PRL, to hepatic microsomal membranes (100,000 g) prepared from fetal, neonatal, and infant lambs and adult ewes has been examined. The specific binding of hGH increases (P less than 0.01) from 3.4 +/- 0.8% in the fetus (n = 7) to 20.0 +/- 2.1% (n = 6) in lambs at least 6 days postpartum. The binding of oGH is low in the fetus (0.7 +/- 0.2%; n = 13) and neonatal lamb (1.3 +/- 0.5%; n = 5) and increases (P less than 0.01) in older lambs (14.6 +/- 4.7%; n = 6) and adult sheep (14.9 +/- 5.3%; n = 4). Similarly, the binding of bGH is less (P less than 0.05) to fetal tissues. In contrast, the binding of oPRL is similar in fetal and postnatal preparations. Cross-reaction studies suggest that the binding of GHs is to a site with lactogenic characteristics in the fetus. In contrast, in lambs at least 4 days postpartum and in adult sheep, binding is to a site with somatogenic characteristics. The inability to detect somatogenic sites in the fetal liver is not due to saturation by endogenous GH or chorionic somatomammotropin, as the binding characteristics do not change after MgCl2 pretreatment of the membrane fractions. No change in binding is observed 25 days after fetal decapitation at 69 days (n = 3), suggesting that circulating GH does not down-regulate the fetal GH receptor. These observations suggest an immaturity of the somatogenic receptor in the ovine fetal liver and its appearance in the perinatal period. Immaturity of this receptor is likely to be the basis for the lack of a major effect of fetal GH on fetal somatic growth.
124 citations
TL;DR: A silver stain for proteins in agarose gels which is at least 10 times as sensitive as Coomassie blue is described and is particularly useful for the study of protein bands in the gamma region on electrophoresis of fluids in which the protein concentration is low.
106 citations
TL;DR: A survey has been made of the quantities of small virgin plastic pellets and granules present in the litter stranding on shores of eastern Canada and Bermuda as discussed by the authors, showing that they are commonly associated with pelagic tar balls and many have a tarry coating.
93 citations
01 Mar 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the phenomenon of self excitation in induction machines and presented a physical interpretation of how self-excitation occurs and the important parameters were shown to be the shaft speed, the residual magnetism, the reduced permeability at low magnetisation, and the size of the capacitor connected to the machine.
Abstract: The phenomenon of self excitation in induction machines is examined and a physical interpretation of how self excitation occurs is presented. The important parameters are shown to be the shaft speed, the residual magnetism, the reduced permeability at low magnetisation, and the size of the capacitor connected to the machine. The results are important in applications where induction machines are used as stand-alone generators for a power system, as the reliability of self excitation in such cases must be very high.
TL;DR: The results indicate the need both for improved diagnostic datagathering techniques in child psychiatry and for more betterdesigned studies of reliability and, most necessarily, of validity.
Abstract: A total of 195 admissions to a child psychiatric inpatient unit were diagosed independently by two to four clinicians on the basis of case presentations at the first wardround after admission. The DSM HI as a whole and the major categories were of high or acceptable reliability, though a few were clearly unreliable. The results are generally consistent with other studies. Unlike other studies, the subcategories were examined and found to vary widely in reliability both as a whole across the system and within parent major categories, throwing considerable doubt upon their utility. The results indicate the need both for improved diagnostic datagathering techniques in child psychiatry and for more betterdesigned studies of reliability and, most necessarily, of validity.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the MSIS model predicts a semiannual variation of about ± 25% in TEC at all sites, while observed changes are only about ±8; thus we require some enhanced loss process near the equinoxes, particularly in September and October.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a quantum-statistical analysis of the steady-state light fields in driven parametric oscillation in a cavity, using the solution of a Fokker-Planck equation for the generalized $P$ representation of the signal and idler modes, calculating the mean photon numbers, secondorder correlation functions, and intermode correlation function as functions of the driving field.
Abstract: We present a quantum-statistical analysis of the steady-state light fields in driven parametric oscillation in a cavity. Using the solution of a Fokker-Planck equation for the generalized $P$ representation of the signal and idler modes, we calculate the mean photon numbers, second-order correlation functions, and intermode correlation function as functions of the driving field. The generalized $P$ distribution describes the signal and idler modes' statistics over the whole range of driving-field strengths except in the region far below the oscillation threshold. The second-order correlation functions are found to violate the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, a violation allowed because the $P$ distribution is complex. Squeezing is also found in a linear combination of the signal and idler fields.
TL;DR: It is shown that response-allocation sensitivity to reinforcement was significantly smaller when arithmetic, rather than exponential, progressions were used to produce variable-interval schedules and suggests that animals may be sensitive to differences in the distribution of reinforcements in time.
Abstract: The generalized matching law states that the logarithm of the ratio of responses emitted or time spent responding in concurrent variable-interval schedules is a linear function of the logarithm of the ratio of reinforcements obtained. The slope of this relation, sensitivity to reinforcement, varies about 1.0 but has been shown to be different when obtained in different laboratories. The present paper analyzed the results from 18 experiments on concurrent variable-interval schedule performance and showed that response-allocation sensitivity to reinforcement was significantly smaller when arithmetic, rather than exponential, progressions were used to produce variable-interval schedules. There were no differences in time-allocation sensitivity between the two methods of constructing variable-interval schedules. Since the two laboratories have consistently used different methods for constructing variable-interval schedules, the differences in obtained sensitivities to reinforcement are explained. The reanalysis suggests that animals may be sensitive to differences in the distribution of reinforcements in time.
TL;DR: Nymphal life histories of six sympatric species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) were studied in Waitakere River and its tributary, Cascade Stream, a kauri forest stream system in northern New Zealand, finding little evidence of temporal segregation, but instead a highdegree of habitat and life history overlap.
Abstract: Nymphal life histories of six sympatric species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) were studied in Waitakere River and its tributary, Cascade Stream, a kauri forest stream system in northern New Zealand. Species examined were Neozephlebia scita (Walker), Austroclima jollyae Towns & Peters, Deleatidium myzobranchia Phillips, D. lillii Eaton, Deleatidium sp. A and Deleatidium sp. C. A mixture of well and poorly synchronised life cycles occurred within the guild. Species of Deleatidium had life histories which ranged from univoltine (D. lillii and D. myzobranchia) to weakly bivoltine with overlapping generations and cohorts (Deleatidium sp. C). There was little evidence of temporal segregation, but instead a highdegree of habitat and life history overlap. This conflicts with models based on stream insects from temperate northern hemisphere streams and usually attributed to niche differentiation in response to interspecific competition. The possible role of interspecific competition in evolution of life histories of stream in vertebrates is assessed. It is noted that temporal segregation of life histories does not by itself demonstrate differential use of common resources by congenerics, and that there is little direct evidence to support the widespread assumption that competition is a major influence on the evolution and composition of lotic communities.
TL;DR: The actions of this putative factor on motor neurons are analogous to the actions of the well known nerve growth factor (NGF) on sympathetic and sensory neurons.
Abstract: We review the evidence that a motor nerve growth factor released from muscle has wide ranging effects on the development and maintenance of muscle innervation. The actions of this putative factor on motor neurons are analogous to the actions of the well known nerve growth factor (NGF) on sympathetic and sensory neurons.
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray analysis showed that the crystalline compounds (Me4N)2[Cu4(SMe)6] (1), Me4N 2[CuI4-Octahedro-(SR)6]-2− cage all contain the [tetrahedro-CuI 4-octahedron-(SR)-6]2− molecular cage, and the stereo-chemical analysis was extended to all known instances of this cage structure and to alternative cage structures.
TL;DR: The results showed that the generalized matching law is useful in analyzing concurrent-chain schedule performance and that a changeover delay in the initial links eliminates some terminal- to initial-link interactions that have made quantitative predictions for concurrent- chain performances difficult.
Abstract: Six pigeons were trained on concurrent-chain schedules in which the initial links were either dependent (Experiment 1) or independent (Experiment 2) concurrent variable-interval schedules and the terminal links were fixed-duration delays to reinforcement in blackout. A changeover delay of three seconds operated in the initial links. Both the initial- and terminal-link schedule values were varied over 61 experimental conditions. An analysis of the data using the generalized matching law showed that the sensitivity of initial-link response allocation to the frequency of terminal-link production was independent of both the duration of the terminal-link delays and, though less clearly, of the duration of the initial-link schedules. Sensitivity of initial-link response allocation to terminal-link reinforcer-rate ratios was a joint function of the terminal-link durations and the smaller average initial-link duration. The results showed that the generalized matching law is useful in analyzing concurrent-chain schedule performance and that a changeover delay in the initial links eliminates some terminal- to initial-link interactions that have made quantitative predictions for concurrent-chain performances difficult.
TL;DR: A group of 28 patients with extreme, life-threatening sensitivity to suxamethonium was identified and 15 were studied in detail by skin-testing, showing one or more cross-sensitivities to alcuronium, tubocurarine, and gallamine.
TL;DR: Certain structural features associated with age-related and osteoarthritic changes occurring in vivo in human articular cartilage were mimicked in the compressive response of the enzymatically digested tissue.
Abstract: By use of an in vitro experimental system which permits the observation at high resolution of articular cartilage in a physiologic condition, its biomechanical response to compression was investigated before and after enzymatic digestion of the proteoglycan components with testicular hyaluronidase. The study provides further insight into the functional interplay between the collagen network and the hydrated proteoglycans. Certain structural features associated with age-related and osteoarthritic changes occurring in vivo in human articular cartilage were mimicked in the compressive response of the enzymatically digested tissue.
TL;DR: An overall plan for the management of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas is presented, which comprises 4 sequential but frequently overlapping stages which include control of the fistula output, drainage of sepsis, intravenous nutrition, and excision of the Fistula if there is no spontaneous closure.
Abstract: An overall plan for the management of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas is presented. It comprises 4 sequential but frequently overlapping stages which include control of the fistula output, drainage of sepsis, intravenous nutrition, and excision of the fistula if there is no spontaneous closure. When the fistula persists, radiological investigations usually reveal the cause, and definitive surgery is required. This is conducted 6–8 weeks after all signs of sepsis have gone and the patient has been restored to nutritional health. For fistulas of the distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, the surgical procedure is a radical one involving complete dissection of the entire small intestine, resection of the segment of bowel involved, and primary anastomosis. Occasionally, especially when there has been abdominal irradiation, it is not possible to excise the diseased bowel, and bypass is preferred. Fistulas of the second part of the duodenum are treated by the serosal patch technique in which the jejunal wall is sutured directly to the opening of the fistula. Surgery is also often required early in the course of treatment when abscesses are drained and proximal diversion (with or without excision of the involved segment of bowel) may be required to control the fistula output. Definitive surgery at this stage frequently results in recurrence of the fistula and carries a high mortality rate.
TL;DR: A patient in whom chorea gravidarum was associated with a circulating lupus-type anticoagulant but not with SLE is presented, in whom the extremely distressing movement disorder responded to tetrabenazine which had no apparent adverse effects on fetal growth and welfare.
TL;DR: A chenier is a prograded coastal plain in which ridges, composed of coarse material moved by longshore drift, are stranded overlying finer-grained marine or littoral sediments as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the valve preparation technique with least inhibitory effect on tissue ingrowth after grafting was evaluated using a series of aortic valve leaflet allografts in dogs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the convergence of buoyancy-driven convection in a porous medium composed of alternating material layers of equal thicknesses, where every alternate layer is very thin and has very small permeability.
TL;DR: Instrumental surveys of coastal profiles in the Cayman Islands, western Caribbean, reveal the presence of a horizontal erosional bench at +1.9 m on Grand Cayman and a deep horizontal notch at +6.4 m on Cayman Brac as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: The present study characterises the binding of the highly lipophilic opiate agonist [3H]fentanyl to homogenates of the rat central nervous system and indicates that it binds to the mu-opiate receptor.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that altered bile salt metabolism after cholecystectomy may increase colonic cancer formation, or gallbladder disease and Colonic cancer may share common etiologic factors is supported.
Abstract: In a retrospective case control review we determined the cholecystectomy frequency of 479 index cases of colonic carcinoma and 479 age, sex, and admission date matched controls. The frequency distribution patterns of cholecystectomy with reference to subsite specific cancer of the large bowel were determined. The cholecystectomy frequency in patients with proximal colonic cancer was high than those in whom cancer was present in areas other than the proximal colon (12,3 per cent vs. 6.6 per cent, P<0.02). There was a gradient of previous cholecystectomy history from the proximal colon to the rectum. The overall frequency of previous cholecystectomy in the index cases was 8.1 per cent while that in the matched control was 5.4 per cent. The difference was not statistically significant. However, the cholecystectomy frequency of the proximal colonic cancer subgroup was significantly higher than its matched control group (12.3 per cent vs. 4.6 per cent, P<0.02). The difference was greater in females with proximal colonic cancer compared with their matched controls (14.3 per cent vs. 3.6 per cent, P<0.02). Our data supported the hypothesis that either(1) altered bile salt metabolism after cholecystectomy may increase colonic cancer formation, or (2) gallbladder disease and colonic cancer may share common etiologic factors.