scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers by "University of Bath published in 2022"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organize, and evaluate forecasts.

119 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Tracy Hussell1, Ramsey Sabit2, Rachel Upthegrove3, Daniel M. Forton4  +524 moreInstitutions (270)
TL;DR: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) as mentioned in this paper is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID19 across the UK.

118 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors characterize genetic variations associated with microbial abundances in a single large-scale population-based cohort of 5,959 genotyped individuals with matched gut microbial metagenomes and dietary and health records (prevalent and follow-up).
Abstract: Human genetic variation affects the gut microbiota through a complex combination of environmental and host factors. Here we characterize genetic variations associated with microbial abundances in a single large-scale population-based cohort of 5,959 genotyped individuals with matched gut microbial metagenomes, and dietary and health records (prevalent and follow-up). We identified 567 independent SNP–taxon associations. Variants at the LCT locus associated with Bifidobacterium and other taxa, but they differed according to dairy intake. Furthermore, levels of Faecalicatena lactaris associated with ABO, and suggested preferential utilization of secreted blood antigens as energy source in the gut. Enterococcus faecalis levels associated with variants in the MED13L locus, which has been linked to colorectal cancer. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a potential causal effect of Morganella on major depressive disorder, consistent with observational incident disease analysis. Overall, we identify and characterize the intricate nature of host–microbiota interactions and their association with disease. Genome-wide association analysis of gut microbial taxa in a single homogenous population-based cohort of 5,959 Finnish individuals identifies 567 independent SNP–taxon associations, including strong associations with LCT, ABO and MED13L.

105 citations


Posted ContentDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion of measurement uncertainty associated with surveillance of wastewater, focusing on lessons-learned from the UK programmes monitoring COVID-19 is presented, showing that sources of uncertainty impacting measurement quality and interpretation of data for public health decision-making, are varied and complex.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a core-shell structured BaTiO3@TiO2 nanowires were synthesized and significant coupling effects between BT and TiO2 resulted in surperior piezo-photocatalytic performance, which was demonstrated by three typical types of dyes with high concentrations.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , gene expression at depth in human metaphase II oocytes and bipronuclear (2PN) one-cell embryos was profiled, revealing that human embryonic transcription initiates at the onecell stage, sooner than previously thought.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship between remote e-working and employee flow experiences by introducing two key stressors; technostress and loneliness, which resulted in lower levels of flow at work.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of recent progress and development trends of pre-chamber ignition systems adopted on future low-carbon and low-emission spark ignition engines is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Legislations for greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles are pushing the spark ignition engine to be cleaner and more efficient. As one of the promising solutions, enhancing the ignition energy shows great potential in simultaneously mitigating combustion knock and enabling lean-burn operation. Featured with distributed ignition sites, pre-chamber ignition systems with large or small pre-chamber volumes, auxiliary or no auxiliary fueling, and large or small orifices have gained a surge of interest in decreasing the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive review of recent progress and development trends of pre-chamber ignition systems adopted on future low-carbon and low-emission spark ignition engines. First, mechanisms behind this technology are discussed from the perspectives of the pre-chamber scavenging and combustion, jet ejection, main chamber combustion, and emission formations. Second, the design criteria of pre-chamber geometries are presented in detail, followed by a discussion on the fuel and air management for the main chamber. Next, recent numerical and experimental studies on the pre-chamber ignition system and its applications in conjunction with other complementary technologies are summarized. Finally, critical issues for commercialization and future research directions are discussed.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, there is evidence that changing at home can help in environmental sustainability, good health, and new products development, and there is also evidence that change at home is beneficial.
Abstract: Efforts to guide peoples’ behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing at...

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a statistical, time series approach is proposed to model and predict the short-term behavior of COVID-19 outbreaks, which assumes a multiplicative trend, aiming to capture the continuation of the two variables (global confirmed cases and deaths) as well as their uncertainty.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the molecular mechanisms underlying chlorination/UV-induced VBNC state in E. coli and found that most energy-dependent physiological activities (e.g., metabolism) have been suppressed in VbNC E coli, while the pathogenicity-related genes varied insignificantly compared to the culturable cells.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The computational models which predict the dynamic behavior of a helicopter composite sandwich structure undergoing a bird strike are developed and aimed to be used as virtual tools for a future digital-twin-assisted fault detection technique.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-step approach is proposed to provide the decision maker with a diverse yet compact solution set for portfolio allocation problems in portfolio management, where the first step employs different approximation functions to capture investment-performance relationships at the asset-type level and the second step prunes the Pareto optimal solutions generated by a selected evolutionary algorithm.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effectiveness of the proposed circulant modulation in achieving SM voltage balance in an MMDC is demonstrated and a generalized coprime criterion is developed into several deductions that serve as practical guidance for design of multilevel circulent modulation.
Abstract: The modularity of a modular multilevel dc converter (MMDC) makes it attractive for medium-voltage distribution systems. Inherent balance of submodule (SM) capacitor voltages is considered as an ideal property, which avoids a complex sorting process based on many measurements thereby reducing costs and enhancing reliability. This article extends the inherent balance concept previously shown for square-wave modulation to a multilevel version for MMDCs. A switching duty matrix dU is introduced: it is a circulant matrix of preset multilevel switching patterns with multiple stages and multiple durations. Inherent voltage balance is ensured with a full-rank dU . Circulant matrix theory shows that this is equivalent to a simplified common factor criterion. A nonfull rank dU causes clusters of SM voltage rather than a single common value, with the clusters indicated by the kernel of the matrix. A generalized coprime criterion is developed into several deductions that serve as practical guidance for design of multilevel circulant modulation. The theoretical development is verified through full-scale simulations and downscaled experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed circulant modulation in achieving SM voltage balance in an MMDC is demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid approach is adopted for clustering and identifying the distribution and themes in a large number of publications collected from academic databases, combining machine learning topic modelling and bibliometric analysis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide an overview of the phases of insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and the molecules that are currently considered to activate these trafficking steps and suggest how use of new experimental approaches together with phospho-proteomic data may help to further identify mechanisms for activation of these trafficking processes.
Abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in fat and muscle cells. Signals from the occupied insulin receptor are translated into downstream signalling changes in serine/threonine kinases within timescales of seconds, and this is followed by delivery and accumulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Kinetic studies have led to realisation that there are distinct phases of this stimulation by insulin. There is a rapid initial burst of GLUT4 delivered to the cell surface from a subcellular reservoir compartment and this is followed by a steady-state level of continuing stimulation in which GLUT4 recycles through a large itinerary of subcellular locations. Here, we provide an overview of the phases of insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and the molecules that are currently considered to activate these trafficking steps. Furthermore, we suggest how use of new experimental approaches together with phospho-proteomic data may help to further identify mechanisms for activation of these trafficking processes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as discussed by the authors found that population ageing helps firms to generate more exploitative (vs. exploratory) innovation in response to demographic shifts, and that the observed positive effect is particularly pronounced for state-owned enterprises and firms in industries that pursue Schumpeter-II innovation and engage in more intense research and development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative ultrasonic phased array approach relying on the nonlinear modulation of dual-frequency excitation was introduced to improve the sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of contact defects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) during the early design stage of a circular bio-based wall panel prototype to guide the decision-making process for the improvement of the panel's design.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Bayesian multiple objectives optimisation algorithm TS-EMO was used to optimise the first two steps of reaction for maximum conversion and selectivity for a mixture of waste terpenes to p-cymene.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarize the current understanding of NLR-ID activation upon effector binding, focusing on the NLR pairs Pik-1/Pik-2, RGA4/RGA5, and RRS1/RPS4.
Abstract: Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are intracellular plant immune receptors that recognize pathogen effectors secreted into the plant cell. Canonical NLRs typically contain three conserved domains including a central nucleotide binding (NB-ARC) domain, C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and an N-terminal domain. A subfamily of plant NLRs contain additional noncanonical domain(s) that have potentially evolved from the integration of the effector targets in the canonical NLR structure. These NLRs with extra domains are thus referred to as NLRs with integrated domains (NLR-IDs). Here, we first summarize our current understanding of NLR-ID activation upon effector binding, focusing on the NLR pairs Pik-1/Pik-2, RGA4/RGA5, and RRS1/RPS4. We speculate on their potential oligomerization into resistosomes as it was recently shown for certain canonical plant NLRs. Furthermore, we discuss how our growing understanding of the mode of action of NLR-ID continuously informs engineering approaches to design new resistance specificities in the context of rapidly evolving pathogens.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , an alternative ultrasonic phased array approach relying on the nonlinear modulation of dual-frequency excitation was introduced to improve the sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of contact defects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The SDP model effectively solves the OPF problem for three-phase meshed networks with satisfactory accuracy and the optimal control variables obtained from the convex relaxation optimization can be used for both the final optimal dispatch strategy and the initial value of non-convex OPF to obtain the globally optimal solution efficiently.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Switchable catalysts operate by the generation of a species which is chemically distinct in behaviour and structure to the precursor as discussed by the authors , which can be exploited to allow spatiotemporal control over polymerisations in the synthesis of (co)polymers.
Abstract: Switchable catalysis is a powerful tool in the polymer chemist's toolbox as it allows on demand access to a variety of polymer architectures. Switchable catalysts operate by the generation of a species which is chemically distinct in behaviour and structure to the precursor. This difference in catalytic activity has been exploited to allow spatiotemporal control over polymerisations in the synthesis of (co)polymers. Although switchable methodologies have been applied to other polymerisation mechanisms for quite some time, for ring opening polymerisation (ROP) reactions it is a relatively young area of research. Despite its infancy, the field is accelerating rapidly. Here, we review recent developments for selected external stimuli for ROP, including redox chemistry, light, allosteric and mechanical control. Furthermore, a brief review on switch catalysis involving exogeneous gases will also be provided, although this area differs from traditional switchable catalysis techniques. An outlook on the future of switchable catalysis is also provided.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a tracking differentiator (TD) based back-stepping controller is proposed to handle the "explosion of terms" problem and the discrepancies between the derivative substitutes and the real derivatives are considered.
Abstract: Back-stepping design method is widely used in high-performance tracking control tasks As is known to all, the controller based on back-stepping design will become complex as the model order increases, which is the so called “explosion of terms” problem. In this paper, a tracking differentiator (TD) based back-stepping controller is proposed to handle the “explosion of terms” problem. Instead of calculating the derivatives of intermediate control variables through tedious analytical expressions, for the proposed method, the tracking differentiator is embedded into each recursive procedure to generate the substitute derivative signal for every intermediate control variable. As a result, the complexity of implementation procedure of back-stepping controller is significantly reduced. The discrepancies between the derivative substitutes and the real derivatives are considered. And the effects on control performances caused by the discrepancies are analyzed. In addition to giving the theoretical results and the stability proofs with Lyapunov methods, the developed controller design method is evaluated through a series of experiments with a hydraulic robot arm position serve system. The control performance of the proposed controller is verified by the experiments results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work looks closely at some of the techniques used by the traditional smith to form sheets and finds that decision-making elements of these adapted processes are not yet as capable as their manual counterparts, suggesting there is still a lot the authors can learn from the traditionalsmith.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sally Hibbert1
TL;DR: In this paper , the root morphology at the local rhizosphere scale, including root hairs and fine S-type laterals, was modeled to simulate the P uptake by a rice genotype measured over 48 days of growth.
Abstract: Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is adapted to strongly phosphorus (P) sorbing soils. The mechanisms underlying P acquisition, however, are not well understood, and models typically underestimate uptake. This complicates root ideotype development and trait-based selection for further improvement. We present a novel model, which correctly simulates the P uptake by a P-efficient rice genotype measured over 48 days of growth. The model represents root morphology at the local rhizosphere scale, including root hairs and fine S-type laterals. It simulates fast- and slowly reacting soil P and the P-solubilizing effect of root-induced pH changes in the soil. Simulations predict that the zone of pH changes and P solubilization around a root spreads further into the soil than the zone of P depletion. A root needs to place laterals outside its depletion- but inside its solubilization zone to maximize P uptake. S-type laterals, which are short but hairy, appear to be the key root structures to achieve that. Thus, thicker roots facilitate the P uptake by fine lateral roots. Uptake can be enhanced through longer root hairs and greater root length density but was less sensitive to total root length and root class proportions.