Institution
University of Bath
Education•Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom•
About: University of Bath is a education organization based out in Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Photonic-crystal fiber. The organization has 15830 authors who have published 39608 publications receiving 1358769 citations. The organization is also known as: Bath University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide the background to remanufacturing together with the findings from workshops recently undertaken in the UK as part of research into design and manufacturing approaches to facilitate re-manufacturing.
Abstract: Developing sustainable approaches to manufacture is a critical global concern. Key measures towards this include practicing design for environment (ecodesign), for example by improving remanufacturing efficiency and effectiveness. Remanufacturing is a process of bringing used products to a ''like-new'' functional state with warranty to match. Its significance is that it can be both profitable and less harmful to the environment in comparison to conventional manufacturing. Remanufacturing has a low profile in world economies and is poorly understood because of its relative novelty in research terms. However, environmental and competitive pressures are changing the global and business environment and this is fuelling interest in the practice. This paper provides the background to remanufacturing together with the findings from workshops recently undertaken in the UK as part of research into design and manufacturing approaches to facilitate remanufacturing.
330 citations
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TL;DR: A quantitative genetic model of multivariate trait evolution that integrates the effects of both IGEs and social selection and provides a general predictive equation for the evolution of social phenotypes that encompasses specific cases such as kin selection and reciprocity is presented.
Abstract: Interactions among conspecifics influence social evolution through two distinct but intimately related paths. First, they provide the opportunity for indirect genetic effects (IGEs), where genes expressed in one individual influence the expression of traits in others. Second, interactions can generate social selection when traits expressed in one individual influence the fitness of others. Here, we present a quantitative genetic model of multivariate trait evolution that integrates the effects of both IGEs and social selection, which have previously been modeled independently. We show that social selection affects evolutionary change whenever the breeding value of one individual covaries with the phenotype of its social partners. This covariance can be created by both relatedness and IGEs, which are shown to have parallel roles in determining evolutionary response. We show that social selection is central to the estimation of inclusive fitness and derive a version of Hamilton's rule showing the symmetrical effects of relatedness and IGEs on the evolution of altruism. We illustrate the utility of our approach using altruism, greenbeards, aggression, and weapons as examples. Our model provides a general predictive equation for the evolution of social phenotypes that encompasses specific cases such as kin selection and reciprocity. The parameters can be measured empirically, and we emphasize the importance of considering both IGEs and social selection, in addition to relatedness, when testing hypotheses about social evolution.
330 citations
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01 Dec 2007TL;DR: Glynis M. Breakwell as mentioned in this paper comprehensively explores the psychology of risk, examining how individuals think, feel and act, as well as considering the institutional and societal assessments, rhetorics and reactions about risk.
Abstract: Risk surrounds and envelopes us. Without understanding it, we risk everything and without capitalising on it, we gain nothing. This accessible book from Glynis M. Breakwell, first published in 2007, comprehensively explores the psychology of risk, examining how individuals think, feel and act, as well as considering the institutional and societal assessments, rhetorics and reactions about risk. Featuring chapters on all the major issues in the psychology of risk including risk assessment, hazard perception, decision-making, risk and crisis management, risk and emotion, risk communication, safety cultures, the social amplification and social representation of risk and mechanisms for changing risk responses, Breakwell uses illustrations and examples to bring to life the significance of her research findings. She provides an innovative overview of current knowledge on the subject but also suggests that there are many fascinating questions still to be answered.
330 citations
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TL;DR: This research empirically investigates co-opetition, management of knowledge sharing and the role of IS in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K.
Abstract: Co-opetition, simultaneous cooperation and competition, is a recent phenomenon. Co-opetition entails sharing knowledge that may be a key source of competitive advantage. Yet, the knowledge gained by cooperation may also be used for competition. However, there is little investigation of how this problem may be modelled and, hence, managed. A game-theoretic framework for analysing interorganisational knowledge sharing under co-opetition and guidelines for the management of explicit knowledge predicated on coordination and control theory has been proposed, but remains untested. This research empirically investigates these issues in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs provide an interesting setting as they are knowledge generators, but are poor at knowledge exploitation. The paper uses data from U.K. SMEs to investigate co-opetition, management of knowledge sharing and the role of IS.
330 citations
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TL;DR: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an institution within UK multi-national corporations (MNCs) has been investigated in this article, where the authors argue that MNCs are moving away from a societal understanding of CSR that focuses on redressing the impacts of their operations through stakeholder concerns, back to any activity that supports traditional business imperatives.
Abstract: This article investigates corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an institution within UK multi-national corporations (MNCs). In the context of the literature on the institutionalization of CSR and on critical CSR, it presents two main findings. First, it contributes to the CSR mainstream literature by confirming that CSR has not only become institutionalized in society but that a form of this institution is also present within MNCs. Secondly, it contributes to the critical CSR literature by suggesting that unlike broader notions of CSR shared between multiple stakeholders, MNCs practise a form of CSR that undermines the broader stakeholder concept. By increasingly focusing on strategic forms of CSR activity, MNCs are moving away from a societal understanding of CSR that focuses on redressing the impacts of their operations through stakeholder concerns, back to any activity that supports traditional business imperatives. The implications of this shift are considered using institutional theory to evaluate macro-institutional pressures for CSR activity and the agency of powerful incumbents in the contested field of CSR.
330 citations
Authors
Showing all 16056 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Grätzel | 248 | 1423 | 303599 |
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx | 170 | 1139 | 119082 |
Amartya Sen | 149 | 689 | 141907 |
Gilbert Laporte | 128 | 730 | 62608 |
Andre K. Geim | 125 | 445 | 206833 |
Matthew Jones | 125 | 1161 | 96909 |
Benoît Roux | 120 | 493 | 62215 |
Stephen Mann | 120 | 669 | 55008 |
Bruno S. Frey | 119 | 900 | 65368 |
Raymond A. Dwek | 118 | 603 | 52259 |
David Cutts | 114 | 778 | 64215 |
John Campbell | 107 | 1150 | 56067 |
David Chandler | 107 | 424 | 52396 |
Peter H.R. Green | 106 | 843 | 60113 |
Huajian Gao | 105 | 667 | 46748 |