University of Bath

About: University of Bath is a education organization based out in Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Photonic-crystal fiber. The organization has 15830 authors who have published 39608 publications receiving 1358769 citations. The organization is also known as: Bath University.

IMP – some things achieved: much more to do

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re‐examine the challenges that were made in the original International Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) project, in the light of all the changes that have occurred in the business world since 1982.Design/methodology/approach – Although some of these challenges have been widely accepted, some have not and much further development of the ideas behind them is needed. The article examines what has happened in business practice and theory that is in line with the challenges. It also highlights those areas where little has happened. This analysis then forms the basis for a discussion of what ideas may now need to be radically challenged again. In doing this, the paper relates the authors' ideas to the dominant marketing paradigm and to the evolving empirical trends in business.Findings – The original IMP project challenged both the structure and process of business. The challenge was to the idea of the business world as an atomistic structure of independent actors within ...

eFGF, Xcad3 and Hox genes form a molecular pathway that establishes the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus

Abstract: Classical embryological experiments suggest that a posterior signal is required for patterning the developing anteroposterior axis. In this paper, we investigate a potential role for FGF signalling in this process. During normal development, embryonic fibroblast growth factor (eFGF) is expressed in the posterior of the Xenopus embryo. We have previously shown that overexpression of eFGF from the start of gastrulation results in a posteriorised phenotype of reduced head and enlarged proctodaeum. We have now determined the molecular basis of this phenotype and we propose a role for eFGF in normal anteroposterior patterning. In this study, we show that the overexpression of eFGF causes the up-regulation of a number of posteriorly expressed genes, and prominent among these are Xcad3, a caudal homologue, and the Hox genes, in particular HoxA7. There is both an increase of expression within the normal domains and an extension of expression towards the anterior. Application of eFGF-loaded beads to specific regions of gastrulae reveals that anterior truncations arise from an effect on the developing dorsal axis. Similar anterior truncations are caused by the dorsal overexpression of Xcad3 or HoxA7. This suggests that this aspect of the eFGF overexpression phenotype is caused by the ectopic activation of posterior genes in anterior regions. Further results using the dominant negative FGF receptor show that the normal expression of posterior Hox genes is dependent on FGF signalling and that this regulation is likely mediated by the activation of Xcad3. The biological activity of eFGF, together with its expression in the posterior of the embryo, make it a good candidate to fulfil the role of the ‘transforming’ activity proposed by Nieuwkoop in his ‘activation and transformation’ model for neural patterning. SUMMARY

Silicate cathodes for lithium batteries: alternatives to phosphates?

Abstract: Polyoxyanion compounds, particularly the olivine-phosphate LiFePO4, are receiving considerable attention as alternative cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. More recently, an entirely new class of polyoxyanion cathodes based on the orthosilicates, Li2MSiO4 (where M = Mn, Fe, and Co), has been attracting growing interest. In the case of Li2FeSiO4, iron and silicon are among the most abundant and lowest cost elements, and hence offer the tantalising prospect of preparing cheap and safe cathodes from rust and sand! This Highlight presents an overview of recent developments and future challenges of silicate cathode materials focusing on their structural polymorphs, electrochemical behaviour and nanomaterials chemistry.

Mental Health Mobile Apps for Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Background: There are an increasing number of mobile apps available for adolescents with mental health problems and an increasing interest in assimilating mobile health (mHealth) into mental health services Despite the growing number of apps available, the evidence base for their efficacy is unclear Objective: This review aimed to systematically appraise the available research evidence on the efficacy and acceptability of mobile apps for mental health in children and adolescents younger than 18 years Methods: The following were systematically searched for relevant publications between January 2008 and July 2016: APA PsychNet, ACM Digital Library, Cochrane Library, Community Care Inform-Children, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Social Policy and Practice, Web of Science, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, and OpenGrey Abstracts were included if they described mental health apps (targeting depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, self-harm, suicide prevention, conduct disorder, eating disorders and body image issues, schizophrenia, psychosis, and insomnia) for mobile devices and for use by adolescents younger than 18 years Results: A total of 24 publications met the inclusion criteria These described 15 apps, two of which were available to download Two small randomized trials and one case study failed to demonstrate a significant effect of three apps on intended mental health outcomes Articles that analyzed the content of six apps for children and adolescents that were available to download established that none had undergone any research evaluation Feasibility outcomes suggest acceptability of apps was good and app usage was moderate Conclusions: Overall, there is currently insufficient research evidence to support the effectiveness of apps for children, preadolescents, and adolescents with mental health problems Given the number and pace at which mHealth apps are being released on app stores, methodologically robust research studies evaluating their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness is promptly needed [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(5):e176]

Presynaptic Nicotinic Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Three Ascending Pathways Studied by In Vivo Microdialysis: Comparison of Naive and Chronic Nicotine‐Treated Rats

Abstract: The modulation of dopamine release by presynaptic nicotinic receptors in vitro is well established, but the significance of this effect in vivo is unclear. We have characterised the effect of nicotine, locally applied via a microdialysis probe, on dopamine release from the terminal regions of three ascending dopaminergic pathways in conscious, freely moving rats. Nicotine caused a dose-dependent increase in dopamine release in the striatum, the nucleus accumbens, and, to a lesser extent, the frontal cortex. Metabolite levels were unaltered by any concentration of nicotine. Prior administration of mecamylamine via the probe abolished the nicotine-evoked increase in dopamine release, confirming the mediation of nicotinic receptors. The dose dependence of mecamylamine-sensitive, nicotine-evoked dopamine release was similar in all three brain regions. However, 10(-5) M tetrodotoxin totally blocked nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in the striatum and the accumbens but not the cortex. Daily subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.4 mg kg-1 for 7 days) increased the response to a subsequent local application of nicotine in the striatum, and a similar trend was found in the other brain areas. The same daily dose of nicotine given as a continuous infusion had no effect, whereas infusion of 4 mg kg-1 day-1 increased the response to a subsequent nicotine challenge. The localisation and regulation of nicotinic receptors in the terminal fields of dopaminergic pathways are discussed.