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Institution

University of Bath

EducationBath, Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom
About: University of Bath is a education organization based out in Bath, Bath and North East Somerset, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Photonic-crystal fiber. The organization has 15830 authors who have published 39608 publications receiving 1358769 citations. The organization is also known as: Bath University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Matlab toolbox for representational similarity analysis is introduced, designed to help integrate a wide range of computational models into the analysis of multichannel brain-activity measurements as provided by modern functional imaging and neuronal recording techniques.
Abstract: Neuronal population codes are increasingly being investigated with multivariate pattern-information analyses. A key challenge is to use measured brain-activity patterns to test computational models of brain information processing. One approach to this problem is representational similarity analysis (RSA), which characterizes a representation in a brain or computational model by the distance matrix of the response patterns elicited by a set of stimuli. The representational distance matrix encapsulates what distinctions between stimuli are emphasized and what distinctions are de-emphasized in the representation. A model is tested by comparing the representational distance matrix it predicts to that of a measured brain region. RSA also enables us to compare representations between stages of processing within a given brain or model, between brain and behavioral data, and between individuals and species. Here, we introduce a Matlab toolbox for RSA. The toolbox supports an analysis approach that is simultaneously data- and hypothesis-driven. It is designed to help integrate a wide range of computational models into the analysis of multichannel brain-activity measurements as provided by modern functional imaging and neuronal recording techniques. Tools for visualization and inference enable the user to relate sets of models to sets of brain regions and to statistically test and compare the models using nonparametric inference methods. The toolbox supports searchlight-based RSA, to continuously map a measured brain volume in search of a neuronal population code with a specific geometry. Finally, we introduce the linear-discriminant t value as a measure of representational discriminability that bridges the gap between linear decoding analyses and RSA. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the toolbox, we apply it to both simulated and real fMRI data. The key functions are equally applicable to other modalities of brain-activity measurement. The toolbox is freely available to the community under an open-source license agreement (http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/methods-and-resources/toolboxes/license/).

779 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study revealed a substantial discrepancy between the shapes of the electron trap distributions measured experimentally using charge extraction techniques and those inferred indirectly from transient current and voltage measurements, which is resolved by introduction of a numerical factor to account for non-ideal thermodynamic behavior of free electrons in the nanostructured titania.
Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using ordered arrays of titania nanotubes (tube lengths 5, 10, and 20 microm) grown on titanium have been characterized by a range of experimental methods. The collection efficiency for photoinjected electrons in the cells is close to 100% under short circuit conditions, even for a 20 microm thick nanotube array. Transport, trapping, and back transfer of electrons in the nanotube cells have been studied in detail by a range of complementary experimental techniques. Analysis of the experimental results has shown that the electron diffusion length (which depends on the diffusion coefficient and lifetime of the photoinjected electrons) is of the order of 100 microm in the titania nanotube cells. This is consistent with the observation that the collection efficiency for electrons is close to 100%, even for the thickest (20 microm) nanotube films used in the study. The study revealed a substantial discrepancy between the shapes of the electron trap distributions measured experimentally using charge extraction techniques and those inferred indirectly from transient current and voltage measurements. The discrepancy is resolved by introduction of a numerical factor to account for non-ideal thermodynamic behavior of free electrons in the nanostructured titania.

773 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages and Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed.

771 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The facilitative glucose transporters are specific for the D-enantiomer of glucose and are not coupled to any energy-requiring components, such as ATP hydrolysis or a HI gradient.
Abstract: possess a transport system for glucose of the facilitative diffusion type; these transporters allow the movement of glucose across the plasma membrane down its chemical gradient either into or out of cells. These transporters are specific for the D-enantiomer of glucose and are not coupled to any energy-requiring components, such as ATP hydrolysis or a HI gradient [1]. The facilitative glucose transporters are distinct from the Na+dependent transporters, which actively accumulate glucose [2,3]. The importance of glucose as a cellular metabolite has led to

767 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2010-Nature
TL;DR: A large, direct genome-wide study of association between CNVs and eight common human diseases concludes that common CNVs that can be typed on existing platforms are unlikely to contribute greatly to the genetic basis ofcommon human diseases.
Abstract: Copy number variants (CNVs) account for a major proportion of human genetic polymorphism and have been predicted to have an important role in genetic susceptibility to common disease. To address this we undertook a large, direct genome-wide study of association between CNVs and eight common human diseases. Using a purpose-designed array we typed approximately 19,000 individuals into distinct copy-number classes at 3,432 polymorphic CNVs, including an estimated approximately 50% of all common CNVs larger than 500 base pairs. We identified several biological artefacts that lead to false-positive associations, including systematic CNV differences between DNAs derived from blood and cell lines. Association testing and follow-up replication analyses confirmed three loci where CNVs were associated with disease-IRGM for Crohn's disease, HLA for Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and TSPAN8 for type 2 diabetes-although in each case the locus had previously been identified in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based studies, reflecting our observation that most common CNVs that are well-typed on our array are well tagged by SNPs and so have been indirectly explored through SNP studies. We conclude that common CNVs that can be typed on existing platforms are unlikely to contribute greatly to the genetic basis of common human diseases.

765 citations


Authors

Showing all 16056 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Michael Grätzel2481423303599
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx1701139119082
Amartya Sen149689141907
Gilbert Laporte12873062608
Andre K. Geim125445206833
Matthew Jones125116196909
Benoît Roux12049362215
Stephen Mann12066955008
Bruno S. Frey11990065368
Raymond A. Dwek11860352259
David Cutts11477864215
John Campbell107115056067
David Chandler10742452396
Peter H.R. Green10684360113
Huajian Gao10566746748
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202386
2022404
20212,474
20202,371
20192,144
20181,972