Showing papers by "University of Bedfordshire published in 1973"

Hyaluronic Acid: A Novel, Double Helical Molecule

Abstract: Films prepared from a deformable gel (or putty) of hyaluronic acid show high crystallinity and orientation in their x-ray diffraction patterns. We have derived a probable structure for the molecules in these films. This is a double helix in which two identical, left-handed strands are antiparallel to one another. Each strand has four disaccharide residues per pitch length. Although the putty is prepared at pH 2.5, at which dilute solutions of hyaluronic have exaggerated rheological properties, the double helical form can also exist at physiological pH and therefore may be a biologically important form.

Bite-marks in the 'battered baby syndrome'.

Abstract: SINCE 1946 (Caffey) attention has been drawn to the increasing number of children of a certain age-group w h o have received bodily injuries for which the clinical picture bore no relation to the medical history given by the parent or guardian. Other reports after this time referred to the pattern o f injuries as 'unrecognized t rauma' (Al tman and Smith, i960; Gwinn , Lewin , and Patterson, 1961) and it was not until 1962 that K e m p e and his associates (Kempe , Silverman, Steele, Droegmueller , and Silver, 1962) first called the clinical condition of the injuries of maltreatment the ' battered child syndrome '. In the latter part o f the decade, since this syndrome has been specifically named, it is possible to add further types of injuries to the pattern of injuries previously described. In 1966, Cameron , Johnson, and Camps stated that in nearly half of the cases that they had examined there was laceration of the mucosa of the inner aspect of the lip near to and including thefraenum, sometimes with tearing of the lip a w a y from the alveolar margin of

Frequency control circuits

Abstract: A sampling frequency control circuit for controlling the frequency at which input signal means are sampled by apparatus for sampling and processing data, comprising signal generating means adapted to generate an output signal dependent upon an output signal from the said apparatus and means for supplying the output signal of the signal generating means to the said apparatus to control the sampling frequency thereof.

Ranking in incomplete blocks. The use of the technique and the interpretation of the results

Abstract: It is often more convenient or expedient to obtain data in the form of rankings than in the form of scores or measurements. Analysis of such data has, however, been difficult to perform and to interpret except for the most simple experiments. The model described by Bradley and Terry1 provides a very useful analysis in the case of ranking by paired comparisons. A method of analysis similar to the Bradley-Terry model, but dealing with ranking in incomplete blocks or complete blocks of any size, has been developed. The results of this analysis are readily interpretable and should enable more use to be made of ranking procedures.

Progress in Documentation: Computers and the Searching of Law Texts in England and North America: A Review of the State of the Art.

Abstract: The objective of this review is to discuss the state of the art at a difficult stage in the development of a subject‐field—when attempts are being made to translate the results of research into operational services of value to practitioners. Judged by the criterion of practical relevance, the application of computers in the law is a subject which, over the past fifteen years, has promised much, but fulfilled little. This is a sweeping generalization—but, as a generalization, it has some justification.

Vector force-balancing mechanisms

Abstract: A vector force-balancing mechanism comprising a first rigid member connected to a frame for receiving an input force to be balanced, a second rigid member connected to the first member by a flexure strip for relative pivotal movement, and a third rigid member lockably pivotally mounted on the frame about an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the relative movement and extends transversely through the flexure strip when the first and second rigid members are relatively angularly positioned so that the flexure strip is unstrained, the third rigid member being pivotally attached to the second member at a position remote from the axis.

Competition in Drosophila III. A possible maternal effect

Abstract: The Wellington and Samarkand inbred lines differ in competitive ability when tested in competition with the 6CL stock. This difference was analysed using the eight true-breeding lines which comprise all the possible combinations of chromosomes I, II and III, treated as units, from Wellington and Samarkand. Competitive ability was measured by φ, reflecting the proportion of wild-type as opposed to 6CL flies emerging from competitive cultures, the proportion being transformed to φ by the angular transformation. The eight true-breeding lines were used as parents in a set of diallel crosses made in triplicate. The variance of the means of female arrays was greater than that of male arrays, suggesting some form of maternal effect. The general consequences of maternal effects in diallel experiments are described, and the analysis of diallels in which the genetical constitution of the parents is defined, is developed. Analysis of the results from the diallel experiment gives evidence of additive and dominance effects of the genes affecting competitive ability. These effects are constant over the three replicates and there is some indication of duplicate-type interaction among the genes. The analysis is also strongly suggestive of a maternal effect, associated chiefly with the distribution of the X chromosome and variable over the replicates. The results of a non-diallel type of experiment are less informative but in general agreement. An apparent maternal effect of the kind found, when associated with the X chromosome, could in principle arise from the direct action of sex-linked genes, but reasons are advanced for not favouring this interpretation. Rather, the maternal effect is attributed to differences among the properties of females from the eight lines, probably in their behaviour in respect of egg-laying.