Showing papers by "University of Bedfordshire published in 1982"
TL;DR: It was concluded that the nature of fluoride-ion release has yet to be established and there is still much controversy on the subject in the literature.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a headline camera was used to photograph the sea-bed at intervals of 1 min, throughout the duration of 60 min trawls, and a successful series of underwater photographs were obtained at 119 stations throughout the North Sea.
Abstract: During a series of North Sea demersal fish surveys, a headline camera was used to photograph the sea-bed at intervals of 1 min, throughout the duration of 60 min trawls. A successful series of underwater photographs were obtained at 119 stations throughout the North Sea. In addition, the benthos caught at 317 stations was recorded.A total of ca. 30 species could be identified on the underwater photographs, and of these ten species were sufficiently common or locally abundant for estimates of local population densities to be made. Distributions throughout the North Sea based on specimens trawled and specimens photographed were compared.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a stratigraphy of the Valle del Bove caldera of the Etna volcano has been presented, which is the only area on the volcano where historic eruptions have not obscured the products of pre-historic centres of activity.
41 citations
TL;DR: The temperature-induced changes in optical rotation which are associated with the order-disorder transition of carrageenans have been analysed to investigate the concentration dependence and hence to attempt to derive the number of polysaccharide chains involved in the ordered species at equilibrium.
Abstract: The temperature-induced changes in optical rotation which are associated with the order-disorder transition of carrageenans have been analysed to investigate the concentration dependence and hence to attempt to derive the number of polysaccharide chains involved in the ordered species at equilibrium. The consequences of the known polydispersity have been analysed by computer-modelling and it is shown that this need not cause misleading results. For l-carrageenan segments in 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M KCl solution the results point to a two-chain state and therefore support the proposed double helix model. For x-carrageenan segments the apparent average number of molecules involved in the ordered state at equilibrium is 3.7, suggesting that if double helices form here they aggregate further. The method of investigation may be generally applicable to measuring the number of chains which associate in ordered states in aqueous solutions of polysaccharides.
36 citations
TL;DR: A fluorometric procedure for the determination of 3-methylhistidine in meat and meat products has been developed by as mentioned in this paper, where acid hydrolysates are neutralised and treated with fluorescamine; the products are then heated in acid at 80°C for 1 h.
Abstract: A fluorometric procedure for the determination of 3-methylhistidine in meat and meat products has been developed. Acid hydrolysates are neutralised and treated with fluorescamine; the products are then heated in acid at 80°C for 1 h. Histidine and 3-methylhistidine are two of the few amines giving acid-stable fluorescent derivatives: these are separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and determined fluorometrically. The method is simple, rapid, specific and sensitive. Levels of protein-bound 3-methylhistidine in different meat species are constant at about 5 mg g−1 non-collagen nitrogen, and correspond with literature values, though high values for chicken are not observed. Recoveries of 3-methylhistidine added to the meats are satisfactory (98–109%) and the method has been applied to a complex soup powder which has hitherto defied analysis.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the aerobic deterioration of silage under laboratory conditions and established relationships between dry matter (DM) loss and temperature rise (t) of the silage (° C) (percentage DM loss = 0.17t−1.480; r=0.9646, significant at the 0.01% level).
Abstract: Experiments are described which investigated the aerobic deterioration of silage under laboratory conditions. Relationships were established between: (i) dry matter (DM) loss and the temperature rise (t) of the silage (° C) (percentage DM loss = 0.17t−1.480; r=0.9646, significant at the 0.01% level); (ii) daily DM loss, depth and time (percentage daily DM loss = −0.1394–0.00633 × depth (mm) + 0.780 × day −0.059 × day2; r = 0.9576, significant at the 0.1 % level); and (iii) total DM loss and the final pH of the silage (pH = 3.79 + 0.13 percentage DM loss; r = 0.8355, significant at the 0.01% level). The indications were that most if not all of the DM loss was accounted for by the losses of water-soluble carbohydrate. The field application of the work is discussed.
20 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that a dietary factor is responsible for the deformities and that the Zebra Danio is especially susceptible to this factor as other species breed normally when fed the same commercial diet.
Abstract: Laboratory bred Zebra Danio (Brachydanio rerio, Hamilton-Buchanan) tropical fish are prone to skeletal deformities resembling scoliosis and lordosis. This condition appears related to diet and has been studied by breeding from different broods of fish for three generations. Two broods bred using two commercially available tropical flaked foods developed severe spinal curvature three to six weeks post-hatching. A third brood of fish fed exclusively on live food did not develop any deformity. The results demonstrate that a dietary factor is responsible for the deformities and that the Zebra Danio is especially susceptible to this factor as other species breed normally when fed the same commercial diet. Analysis of the diets showed no deficiency in either ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) or tryptophan, deficiency of either being associated with scoliosis and lordosis in fish. The analysis did show, however, a relationship between the lead content of the diet and the incidence of deformities. Lead has previously been implicated in skeletal deformities in second and third generation Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 30 km radius of the bedfordshire brickfields was investigated for the presence of Xanthoria parietina growing within 3 km of the brickfields and 1 km distant from the source of emissions.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the principle, construction and method of use of a machine which can rapidly classify dried chopped forage material into 8 length groups is described, and the technique of calibrating the machine is discussed and its ability to discriminate between small differences in the length of pieces of forage has been assessed.
12 citations
TL;DR: Evidence was found for a potential second generation which did not materialise in the roots, probably because of the maturity of the plants, and Cysts from the furrows showed a carry over of approximately 70%.
Abstract: Changes in the number of all stages of potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) were followed in potato roots and two soil types for the duration of a growing season. The first population changes were seen to occur close to the planting depth, the timing and scale of the changes at other depths being correlated with the cysts' position relative to the seed. Evidence was found for a potential second generation which did not materialise in the roots, probably because of the maturity of the plants. Cysts from the furrows showed a carry over of approximately 70% .
9 citations
TL;DR: The characteristics of some of the sounds monitored in agriculture are described and the major factors affecting their perception are examined.
Abstract: Auditory feedback provides valuable information to workers in many situations. This paper describes the characteristics of some of the sounds monitored in agriculture and examines the major factors affecting their perception. Some results from field surveys of machinery noise and from laboratory experiments in driver perception are included.
Patent•
22 Dec 1982
TL;DR: In a rotary collating and/or inserting machine where individual sheets are peeled from the bottom of a plurality of stacks of sheets arranged spaced around a circle on a table and are moved down through one or more radial slots in the table, the separation of the bottom sheet of each stack, preferably at a corner, is initiated by creating changes in air pressure in a cyclically controlled manner at or adjacent to the upper region of at least one slot.
Abstract: In a rotary collating and/or inserting machine where individual sheets are peeled from the bottom of a plurality of stacks of sheets arranged spaced around a circle on a table and are moved down through one or more radial slots in the table, the separation of the bottom sheet of each stack, preferably at a corner, is initiated by creating changes in air pressure in a cyclically controlled manner at or adjacent to the upper region of at least one slot. This can be accomplished by the provision of suction holes along the length of at least one slot or by changing the contour of the table surface, such as by incorporating a bellows. To aid onward movement of a sheet into a slot after initial separation from the stack, the initial suction effect which either acts directly on the sheet or changes the contour of the table surface is shut off or reversed as the bottom sheet passes down through the slot. Cyclically controlled suction devices are preferably provided at or adjacent to the lower region of each slot.
TL;DR: In this article, the average, annual, natural direct recharge for till-free areas, calculated from average annual rainfall and average chloride concentrations in the recharge and rain waters, agrees closely with published figures calculated using Penman and Grind-ley9s equations.
Abstract: Summary On the N side of the London basin the principal representative of the Lower Greensand is the Woburn Sands, which outcrops in Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Where the outcrop is covered with till, recharging waters contain higher concentrations of chloride than those recharged in drift-free areas. This is considered to be due to higher evapotranspiration rates where the soil is underlain by boulder clay. Indirect recharge from influent streams and mixing with old saline waters also cause localized increases in chloride concentrations. Average, annual, natural direct recharge for till-free areas, calculated from average annual rainfall and average chloride concentrations in the recharge and rain waters, agrees closely with published figures calculated using Penman and Grind-ley9s equations. Approximate values for recharge through boulder clay are calculated in this way and the merits and limitations of this method for estimating recharge are discussed. The amount of indirect recharge from influent streams is also estimated.
TL;DR: A brief review of recent trends in design education in schools in the UK can be found in this paper, where a steady growth over the last decade has been accompanied by a parallel growth in the study of the implications of design for child learning and pedagogic practice.
Patent•
15 Sep 1982TL;DR: A rotary pump has an end face seal (16) comprising an expandable tubular housing fitted on the stationary outer bearing ring (20) of the spindle and a collar mounted on the rotatable spindle (12) as a fluid-tight fit against the impeller hub, the housing having an annular sealing face in sliding contact with a counter-sealing face on the collar as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A rotary pump has an end face seal (16) comprising an expandable tubular housing fitted on the stationary outer bearing ring (20) of the spindle and a collar (30) mounted on the rotatable spindle (12) as a fluid-tight fit against the impeller hub, the housing having an annular sealing face in sliding contact with a counter-sealing face on the collar. The housing is formed with apertures in fluid-tight communication with a duct in the pump body for drainage of any fluid which leaks past the sealing faces. A retaining sleeve (36) fast with the collar extends into the expandable housing and acts as a flinger for throwing leakage fluid towards the drainage apertures in the housing.
TL;DR: In this article, three aspects of equipment on farms are discussed: machinery for arable farming, equipment used in livestock husbandry and the hardware and software likely to assist farm management.
Abstract: After introducing influences which will affect mechanisation of agriculture over the next 50 years the paper deals separately with three aspects of equipment on farms. These are machinery for arable farming, equipment used in livestock husbandry and the hardware and software likely to assist farm management. Monitoring of livestock growth or yield will be computer based. Health and breeding will also be automatically monitored and controlled, and farm staff will be assisted by a robot, whose functions will include remote viewing and sensing, routine animal and feed handling operations, and assisting with animal herding. Alongside intensive housed stock in the regions with richer soils and crop yield potential, extensive ranching of animals will be practised in more marginal hilly areas. Computers will be used extensively in farm, management with on-farm machines linked permanently to national information data banks, to suppliers and organisations who purchase from the farm and to consultant organisations. Within the farm data links will permit computer monitoring of soil conditions, of stocks of such inputs as feed or fertiliser and of summarised data from local monitors of, for example, livestock weights. Computers will be used for planning-decisions based on operational research predictive methods and particularly for daily work planning.
Patent•
16 Apr 1982TL;DR: In this article, a method of heat treating the particulate commodity comprises supporting the commodity in a fluidised bed above a concave, perforate deck, supplying pressurised fluid at a controlled temperature through the deck to fluidise and heat treat the commodity, controlling the residence time of the commodity by controlledly moving the commodity along the deck using transfer means, and enhancing fluidisation of the bed by reducing segregation within the bed using said transfer means.
Abstract: Apparatus for heat treating a particulate commodity comprises an enclosure (10) having a lower wall in the form of a concave, perforate deck (15), supply means (16, 17) for supplying pressurised fluid at a controlled temperature through the deck to fluidise and heat treat a bed (11) of particles in the enclosure, and transfer means (20) for controlledly moving the particles continuously or stepwise along the deck. A method of heat treating the particulate commodity comprises supporting the commodity in a fluidised bed above a concave, perforate deck, supplying pressurised fluid at a controlled temperature through the deck to fluidise and heat treat the commodity, controlling the residence time of the commodity in the enclosure by controlledly moving the commodity along the deck using transfer means, and enhancing fluidisation of the bed by reducing segregation within the bed using said transfer means. The commodity (11) e.g. a food product such as peanuts is heat-treated uniformly under precisely controlled conditions.
TL;DR: A rapid technique for the extraction of helminth eggs from vegetation and water is presented and gives recovery efficiencies of 84 % and 96 % from water and vegetation respectively.
Abstract: A rapid technique for the extraction of helminth eggs from vegetation and water is presented. The technique includes a period of continuous action centrifugation and gives recovery efficiencies of 84 % and 96 % from water and vegetation respectively.