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Showing papers by "University of Bergen published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1972-Allergy
TL;DR: The literature does not provide consistent information on the reciprocal etfects of pregnancy and bronchial asthma, and the course and outcome of pregnancy in asthmatic women, high foetal and neonatal mortalities have been reported.
Abstract: The offspring ot patients with bronchial asthma has been tor a long time the subject of study with respect to inheritance of the trait. It has been well established that the atopic tendency, in general, is inherited (19). Eor allergic children, allergy was observed to be more frequent in mothers than in fathers, and more of their siblings were affected when the mother rather than the father was allergic (1). Apart from the question ot inheritance ot the general atopic tendency, the literature does not provide consistent information on the reciprocal etfects of pregnancy and bronchial asthma. The asthmatic condition may ameliorate, deteriorate (ir remain unchanged during pregnancy (2, 9, 15, 17). With respect to the course and outcome of pregnancy in asthmatic women, high foetal and neonatal mortalities have been reported, particularly in severe cases of the disease (6, 11). Baird (2) believes that anoxia associated with severe asthma can lead to foetal death or premature labour. Schaefer and Silverman (17), on the other hand, did not observe deleterious effects on pregnancy and could state: \"The pregnant

138 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Defects in neutrophil granulocyte function caused by bacterial infection may contribute to a fatal outcome of the disease.

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Per Rygh1
TL;DR: The purpose of the present study was to characterize changes in the vasculature of the periodontal ligament of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces at the ultrastructural Ievel to characterize Regenerative processes predominating in the 7-day specimens.
Abstract: – Changes in the vasculature of the periodontal ligament of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces have been described. The purpose of the present study was to characterize these changes at the ultrastructural Ievel. In 55 rats, one maxillary first molar was moved buccally by means of a fixed appliance, using forces of 5–25 g. Animals were sacrificed after periods of 30 min to 28 d. The experimental teeth with surrounding periodontal tissues were obtained and processed for electron microscopy. Retardation and stasis of the blood flow occurred within 30 min after force application. After 2 h the vessels in the pressure zone appeared extended and packed with red blood cells which often attained a polygonal shape. After 2 h to 3 d, fragmentation of the erythrocytes occurred. Various patterns of erythrocyte breakdown were observed. Most often the erythrocytes changed into irregularly contoured fragments of various electron densities. Occasionally the fragments exhibited a substructure indicating transformation to a crystalline substance. Also, disintegration of the walls of the blood vessels and release of their contents into the surrounding fibrous tissue was observed after 1–7 d. Regenerative processes were predominating in the 7–28 day specimens.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Per Rygh1
TL;DR: Changes in the cells of the periodontal ligament of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces are characterized at the ultrastructural level in 67 rats by means of fixed appliances rxerting forces of 5–25 g.
Abstract: Changes in the cells of the periodontal ligament of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces have been described. the purpose of the present study was to characterize these changes at the ultrastructural level. In 67 rats, maxillary first molars were moved buccally by means of fixed appliances rxerting forces of 5–25 g. Animals were sacrificed after periods of 30 min to 28 days. the experimental teeth with surrounding periodontal tissues were removed and processed for electron microscopy. Cellular changes not involving the nucleus, such as dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and moderate swelling of mitochondria occurred within 30 min of force application. After 2 hrs, this cellular swelling was marked. Large vacuoles had formed in the cytoplasm, and the mitochondria frequently revealed considerable enlargement. More advanced degradation of cellular components was observed after experimental periods of 2 hrs or more. Rupture of the cell membrane had frequently occurred leaving isolated nuclei in various st...

84 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
28 Apr 1972-Sarsia
TL;DR: The ultrastructure of the ripe egg of 10 teleostean species was studied and species-specific differences in the chorion were observed, discussing the taxonomy, biology, and distribution of the species.
Abstract: The ultrastructure of the ripe egg of 10 teleostean species was studied and species-specific differences in the chorion were observed. These differences are discussed in relation to the taxonomy, biology, and distribution of the species.

80 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The developmental mechanism of this heterotopic columnar epithelium, as well as its future potencies, is discussed against the background of earlier studies on mice injected with estradiol neonatally.

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis and determination ofJs-T curves revealed that the dominant ferromagnetic mineral extracted is probably a high Curie temperature form of titanomagnetite.

64 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a proof of Lempel's conjecture is given, which implies that the number of cycles generated by an arbitrary binary recurrence relation does not exceed Z(n), the number generated by the pure cycling register.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
H. Skre1
TL;DR: The prevalence of neurological signs in the normal population was investigated in order to establish their significance when found in patients, and a characteristic age‐ and sex‐dependent sum score pattern emerged, showing similarities with other investigations using different parameters for the registration of physiological age.
Abstract: The prevalence of neurological signs in the normal population was investigated in order to establish their significance when found in patients. The traditional neurological examination is characterized by the registration of various reflexes, motor and sensory performances, and perceptual functions. An attempt was made to transform neurological information into quantitative units, making it possible to employ statistical methods. This system was applied to a randomized population sample drawn from 5 equally sized 10-year groups of adults, totalling 373 subjects. A characteristic age- and sex-dependent sum score pattern emerged, showing similarities with other investigations using different parameters for the registration of physiological age. The changes increased more evenly by age in men than in women, and started at an earlier age. The symptoms of ageing were rather stereotyped, consisting of minor pareses, deformities, and proprioceptive disturbances in feet and hands, and slight ataxic signs. However, the extent of individual involvement varied within wide limits. Very few were unaffected past 65. Men displayed more extensive changes in high age than women, who on the other hand were more affected in middle age. Further, the menopausal period seemed to coincide with changes largely reversible, including CNS symptoms. Social differences were also reflected through the sum scores, poor socio-vocational status being associated with higher sum scores in males past 40. The sum score differences between socio-vocational levels were apparently not due to working conditions. It has been speculated that innate biological or perinatal factors may be important determinants of the subsequent integrity of the CNS.

54 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new inborn error of metabolism, characterized by urinary excretion of substantial amounts of β-hydroxyisovaleric acid and β-methylcrotonylglycine, is described and the findings are distinctly different from previously described errors in the leucine metabolism.
Abstract: A new inborn error of metabolism, characterized by urinary excretion of substantial amounts of β-hydroxyisovaleric acid and β-methylcrotonylglycine, is described The disorder is most likely due to a defect in the biotin-dependent enzyme β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase in the leucine degradation pathway The patient, a 4½-month-old girl, suffered from neurological symptoms similar to those of Werdnig-Hoffmann9s disease No episodes of acidosis could be detected In periods the urine had a peculiar odor, like that of cat9s urine Relatively large doses of biotin (025 mg/day) did not influence the condition On a diet containing the minimum requirement of leucine, the daily excretion of β-hydroxyisovaleric acid dropped from 400 mg to about 50 mg and β-methylcrotonylglycine from 100 mg to 50 mg However, the clinical course was unaltered and the patient died at 9 months of age from bronchopneumonia Biochemically, as well as clinically, the findings are distinctly different from previously described errors in the leucine metabolism


Journal ArticleDOI
Gisle Bang1
TL;DR: The first set of allogenic demineralized dentin implants, on the other hand, induced bone formation in a high percentage of cases, it even gave the impression of enhancing the induction process compared to autogenous dentin.
Abstract: . Fifty autogenous, 120 allogenic and 40 xenogenic demineralized dentin specimens as-well as 36 undemineralized allogenic specimens were implanted in the abdominal muscles of 74 male guinea pigs for periods ranging from 4 to 12 weeks. An experimental model for the first and second set reaction in allogenic ear skin grafts was established in 10 male guinea pigs. The mean survival times of the first and second sets of these grafts were 10.1 days, s.d. = 1.57 and 5.2 days, s.d. = 0.78, respectively. Repeated implantation of both undemineralized, and demineralized and lyophilized allogenic dentin evoked an immune response in the host resulting in an accelerated skin graft rejection. Furthermore, in the second and third sets of implants the bone inducing process was either prevented (undemineralized dentin) or reduced (demineralized and lyophilized dentin). Xenogenic demineralized dentin failed to induce osteogenesis, probably due to an intense host immune response. The first set of allogenic demineralized dentin implants, on the other hand, induced bone formation in a high percentage of cases, it even gave the impression of enhancing the induction process compared to autogenous dentin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The molecular arrangement of hydroxyapatite in dental enamel has been demonstrated visually not only in a projection normal to, but also parallel to, the long axis of the crystals.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of an injection of 200 mg/kg para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on sleep was studied in 6 cats, with little effect upon the light slow wave sleep (LSWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Abstract: The effect of an injection of 200 mg/kg para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on sleep was studied in 6 cats 48—72 h after the injection. Each cat was also given a control injection of the vehicle (BRIJ 35) 3 weeks before or after the experimental dose, in a balanced order. The main effect of PCPA was a reduction of the deep slow wave sleep (DSWS), with little effect upon the light slow wave sleep (LSWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Both the number and the length of the DSWS episodes were reduced. For LSWS, only the length of the episodes was reduced. The number and the length of the REM sleep episodes were not changed. When the DSWS was reduced to 10 % or less of control values, there was a tendency to a decrease of LSWS and REM sleep also.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The bottom sediments of Sorfjord, West Norway, contain unusually high concentrations of Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn.
Abstract: The bottom sediments of Sorfjord, West Norway, contain unusually high concentrations of Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn. The concentrations of Zn and Pb reach ∼ 10% by weight in some sediments. The concentrations of most of the elements are positively correlated, those of Pb, Cd, and Cu with Zn being particularly well developed; correlations also exist between Sb and Zn, and Ag and Cu. The concentrations of the metals in the bottom sediments decrease southwards and northwards from a locality close to a source of industrial waste.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dopamine concentration in the left striatum was reduced about 70% compared with the right striatum after successful lesions in the substantia nigra and 5-Hydroxytryptamine concentration was measured in the forebrain after the different lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of enamel in the pigmented portion of the teeth revealed a zone of high iron content extending 15–20 microns from the enamel surface, and the zone of raised iron concentration coincided with the extension of the Pigmented zone of the enamelled zone.
Abstract: – Maxillary incisors from six five-month-old rats were studied with thc electron microprobe. Analysis of enamel in the pigmented portion of the teeth revealed a zone of high iron content extending 15–20 microns from the enamel surface. From a maximum of 10.1% (range 8.8–12.6%) close to the enamel surface, the iron concentration gradually decreased over a distance of 10 microns to less than 0.1%. At the point of maximum iron concentration the calcium content averaged 28.2% and the phosphorus content 15.7%. The concentrations of these elements increased gradually from the enamel surface and reached a plateau of approximately 34% calcium and 17% phosphorus at a point where the concentration of iron had decreased to a minimal Ievel. The mean Ca/P weight ratio in the zone of maximum iron content was 1.80 and differed significantly from the Ca/P ratio of 1.98 of the enamel beneath the pigmented zone. The zone of raised iron concentration coincided with the extension of the pigmented zone of the enamel. Apically to the pigment incorporation zone, the enamel contained less than 0.1% iron in the surface layer as well as in deeper layers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lytic activity of T4 lysozyme was found to be markedly dependent on ionic strength and pH, and the inhibition observed at high concentrations of Mg2+ is presumed to be due to inhibition of the enzyme.
Abstract: 1 The influence of ionic strength, pH, basic amines and divalent cations on the apparent lytic activity of T4 lysozyme on chloroform-treated Escherichia coli B cells has been studied, and in some cases compared with the effect on hen egg-white lysozyme. 2 The lytic activity of T4 lysozyme was found to be markedly dependent on ionic strength and pH. Maximum activity was observed at pH 7.3 at I= 0.07. Very low activity was observed above pH 8.5 whereas maximum activity of hen egg-white lysozyme at I= 0.06 was obtained at pH 9.2. 3 Low concentrations of spermine, 40 μM, enhanced the lytic activity of T4 lysozyme 3 to 4-fold. No activating effect was observed on hen egg-white lysozyme. 4 Higher concentrations of spermine, above 100 μM inhibited lysis, presumably by stabilizing the protoplasts formed. The muramidase activity of T4 lysozyme was not inhibited, but rather stimulated also under these conditions. 5 Several other amines and Mg2+ and Ca2+ were also tested. They exhibited similar effects as spermine. In contrast to spermine, the inhibition observed at high concentrations of Mg2+ is presumed to be due to inhibition of the enzyme.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The width and thickness of hydroxyapatite crystals and the crystal density at various stages of rat incisor amelogenesis were studied using electron microscopy, finding many crystals had a regular, flattened hexagonal profile during the matrix formation stage and a lower number of crystals per unit cross‐sectional area in fully mineralized enamel.
Abstract: The width and thickness of hydroxyapatite crystals and the crystal density at various stages of rat incisor amelogenesis were studied using electron microscopy. The cross-sectional profile of the crystals increased from 259 × 12.7 A at the surface of the ameloblast to 454 × 249 A in the completely mineralized enamel. In agreement with previous observations, many crystals had a regular, flattened hexagonal profile during the matrix formation stage. During enamel maturation, the crystals assumed more irregular surface contours, the crystals tending to adapt themselves to the available space. In completely mineralized enamel, the crystals were as irregular in shape as the crystals in human enamel, and they occupied around 85% of the volume. While the crystals at the onset of mineralization were separated by a distance of 120–150 A, the crystals eventually became relatively closely packed, separated by a fine space only 10–25 A in width. A lower number of crystals per unit cross-sectional area of the enamel prisms was observed in fully mineralized enamel as compared with the early stages of amelogenesis. Since evidence of fusion of crystals is lacking, the decrease in crystal density appears to result from swelling of the enamel prisms.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on differences in the way social situations are defined in different cultures and societies, and illustrate some dimensions for comparing social systems in this respect, viz: their inventory of statuses, the repertoires of persons, and the cultural ways in which occasions are distinguished.
Abstract: The paper focuses on differences in the way social situations are defined in different cultures and societies. It develops and illustrates some dimensions for comparing social systems in this respect, viz: their inventory of statuses, the repertoires of persons, and the cultural ways in which occasions are distinguished. Some contrasting types of society are compared on these dimensions; and the problem is raised as to the epistemological character of such types, and the importance of the variable of scale. The dual nature of social organization as an organization both of people and of tasks is emphasized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a group of 100 university students were asked to solve the Maier's Hatrack Problem and 46 solved it within 30 min. As expected, ability factors did not differentiate solvers and non-solvers.
Abstract: In a typical problem situation the individual may be successful by attacking the elements deviating from the familiar state of affairs. Some tasks, however, are of a nature demanding totally new lines of attack. In these unfamiliar situations success seems to be independent of ability factors measured by traditional or new types of tests. Maier's Hatrack Problem is an example of an unfamiliar task, where intelligence seems to be of little help. In a group of 100 university students, 46 solved the Hatrack Problem within 30 min. As expected, ability factors did not differentiate solvers and non-solvers. While number of unsuccessful solution attempts were counted, however, a significant difference (p < 0.001) favoring solvers was found. It is concluded that level of activity, in the sense of constructive attempts at solution, may be an important determinant in the solution of unfamiliar tasks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Balloon recordings of bremsstrahlung X-raya from precipitating electrons are presented, showing impulsive Xray events just at the onset of bay activity as well as weaker and smoother electron precipitation before the bay, the latter apparently being connected with a growth phase of the same substorm as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Brown adipose tissue mitochondria from cold-stressed guinea pigs isolated in sucrose-HEPES-EDTA medium are confirmed to be completely deenergized, and the significance of the pH and the intramitochondrial concentrations of adenine nucleotides and phosphate in the regulation of the coupling of respiration to phosphorylation in brown adipose tissues mitochondria is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical framework for organizational decision-making is presented, which takes into account costs and benefits related to the substantive goods at stake, the effects upon the organization and the wider social system of which it is a part, and participants' use of time and energy.
Abstract: An attempt is made to provide a theoretical framework by which one can understand variations in the procedures used in organizational decision-making. Two types are presented; a procedure of confrontation, where the use of voting is emphasized and preliminary discussions are missing, and a sounding out procedure, where voting is avoided and values and beliefs are synthesized indirectly or implicitly through social interaction. The analytical framework is a model of rational choice taking into consideration costs and benefits related to (a) the substantive goods at stake, (b) the effects upon the organization and the wider social system of which it is a part, and (c) the participants' use of time and energy (treating time as a scarce resource). Some specific hypotheses are offered concerning the conditions under which each choice-procedures will be used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A marked change in diet was noted and was accompanied by a drastic increase in the prevalence of dental caries in a previously caries-free group of Alaskan inland Eskimos.
Abstract: – The diet and the prevalence of dental caries in a group of Alaskan inland Eskimos have been studied on two occasions. Considerable changes in living habits had occurred during the 8–10 intervening years. A marked change in diet was noted. The percentage of total calories obtained from protein had decreased by about 50 % and that from carbohydrate increased by nearly 50 %. The change in diet was accompanied by a drastic increase in the prevalence of dental caries. The DMFT rate for primary teeth showed an almost 90 % increase and the DMFT rate for permanent teeth of persons over 6 years of age exhibited a four-fold increase. The most dramatic change was observed in individuals 30 years of age or older. In this previously caries-free group, all subjects had developed caries in the course of 8 years.

Journal ArticleDOI
Kjell Hole1
TL;DR: The decrease in brain growth was accompanied by behavioral changes, evident later in life, and there was evidence of a reduced arousal level in the pCPA-treated rats: latencies were long, exploration was low, habituation to new environment was fast, and the reactivity was low.
Abstract: Intraperitoneal injections of p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) were given to 71 rats in the first 7 weeks of life, decreasing brain 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations to 20% of control values. The brain weight was significantly decreased, evident after 2 weeks of treatment, and also 52 days after the last injection. The retarded brain growth was not due to a general growth inhibition only: body weight was decreased initially, but from Day 24 the experimental animals gained weight more rapidly than the controls, resulting in a significantly higher body weight from Day 67. The decrease in brain growth was accompanied by behavioral changes, evident later in life. The first test was given 4 weeks after the last pCPA-injection. The changes observed were moderate, but consistent in all the tests. There were no learning deficits or clear motivational changes. In all the tests there was evidence of a reduced arousal level in the pCPA-treated rats: latencies were long, exploration was low, habituation to new environment was fast, and the reactivity was low.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Middle-Upper Devonian Volcanics of the Orkney Islands were investigated using demagnetization and ore microscopy combined with the magnetic colloid technique and measurements of the temperature dependence of saturation magnetization.

Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 1972-Sarsia
TL;DR: Munidopsis tridentata (Esmark) was found to have three zoeal stages and thus an abbreviated development and the second zoea, not earlier known, is described.
Abstract: Munidopsis tridentata (Esmark) was found to have three zoeal stages and thus an abbreviated development. The second zoea, not earlier known, is described.